Mental Disorders (Mental Disorder)

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2989 relevant articles (90 outcomes, 405 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety Disorder)
2.	Dementia (Dementias)
3.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox)
4.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse)
5.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Experts

1.	Jorm, Anthony F: 12 articles (04/2012 - 01/2005)
2.	Kato, Tadafumi: 10 articles (01/2014 - 08/2003)
3.	Iwamoto, Kazuya: 9 articles (01/2014 - 08/2003)
4.	Andreassen, Ole A: 8 articles (08/2015 - 04/2008)
5.	Kessler, Ronald C: 8 articles (06/2015 - 11/2004)
6.	Yan, Zhen: 8 articles (09/2014 - 05/2004)
7.	Kessler, R C: 8 articles (06/2014 - 02/2000)
8.	Haro, Josep Maria: 7 articles (10/2015 - 09/2008)
9.	Olfson, Mark: 7 articles (09/2015 - 07/2005)
10.	Torrens, Marta: 7 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Mental Disorders:

1.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 03/01/2009 - "However, although evidence exists that successful treatment of co-occurring mental disorders leads to improved HIV outcomes, integrated mental health care in HIV clinics remains grossly suboptimal." 05/01/2013 - "Although common mental disorders (CMDs) and LTCs often co-occur, the potential impact of improved mental health treatment on severe disability and hospital admissions for physical health problems remains unknown. " 01/01/2010 - "Appropriate early support from a member of the public, whether a friend, family member, co-worker or volunteer, may help to prevent the onset of a mental disorder or may minimise its severity. " 08/01/2015 - "The gained insights of this study make it possible to derive implications for interventions to reduce risk factors for the development of co-morbid mental disorders and to strengthen protective factors and thus improve the well-being and quality of life of patients." 06/01/2015 - "Analyses from the National Comorbidity Study Replication provide the first nationally representative estimates of the co-occurrence of impulsive angry behavior and possessing or carrying a gun among adults with and without certain mental disorders and demographic characteristics. "
2.	Risperidone (Risperdal Consta)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2005 - "Risperidone was well tolerated and effective in the long-term treatment of disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage intelligence." 04/01/2001 - "These results suggest that risperidone may be effective for severe aggression in adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders and subaverage intelligence, and these results are consistent with reports suggesting its effectiveness for treating severe aggression in adolescents in general." 01/01/2004 - "Risperidone was a safe and effective treatment, with or without a combined psychostimulant, for both disruptive behavior disorders and comorbid ADHD in children." 09/01/2002 - "The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of risperidone in disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs. " 09/01/2002 - "Long-term safety and efficacy of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs."
3.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 01/01/2010 - "The increased use of antidepressant drugs (ADs) improved the response to the needs of care although some community surveys have shown that subjects without lifetime psychiatric diagnosis (anxiety/depression) used ADs. " 01/01/2015 - "Past studies have shown that many individuals who use antidepressants have no current or lifetime history of mental disorders. " 07/01/2014 - "The study addressed recent concerns regarding increasing prescription of antidepressant drugs to patients with no recorded psychiatric diagnosis. " 02/01/2014 - "Adults with mental disorders only (N=793 to 883; the range reflects the five study years) were prescribed antidepressants at a significantly higher rate compared with adults in the codiagnosis group (N=184 to 217). " 11/01/2015 - "However, the use of antidepressants for mental disorders may also implicate key patient risk factors for surgical complications, and sufficient exploration into the patient's indications for the prescription is crucial. "
4.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 08/01/2000 - "The selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which modulate serotonergic activity are effective in the treatment of serotonin-related mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. " 01/01/2016 - "The availability of human i5HT neurons will be very useful for research and drug discovery on many serotonin-related mental disorders. " 06/10/2014 - "The present study reveals a previously unidentified form of interaction between these two systems in the human brain, i.e., the role of OXT in the inhibitory regulation of 5-HT signaling, which could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for mental disorders. " 07/01/2009 - "Serotonin receptor 2C and mental disorders: genetic, expression and RNA editing studies." 03/01/2005 - "A number of studies have observed associations between the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor and mental disorders. "
5.	LithiumIBA 06/01/2015 - "For more than 60years, lithium has been the mainstay in the treatment of mental disorders as a mood stabilizer. " 10/01/2012 - "Lithium preparations are commonly used drug in treating mental disorders and bipolar diseases, but metal's cytotoxic mechanisms have not yet been completely understood. " 01/01/2011 - "Lithium is commonly used in treating mental disorders and bipolar diseases. " 06/01/2007 - "The charts of 82 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-fourth edition bipolar patients with previous history of lithium intoxication were reviewed. " 05/01/2007 - "Our results support the role of the underlying mental disorders in the aetiology of fractures and do not support a pharmacological effect of lithium based on lack of an association with cumulative duration of use."
6.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)IBA 03/01/2012 - "Atypical antipsychotics are frequently prescribed to children and adolescents as first-line treatment for several mental disorders despite the adverse metabolic effects frequently reported. " 11/20/2011 - "In the present study, we investigated the effects of antipsychotics on the behavioral deficits in this animal model for mental disorders with gene-environment interaction. " 04/01/2000 - "Well-designed studies investigating how pediatric or adolescent patients with mental disorders respond to and metabolize the newer antipsychotic drugs are practically nonexistent. " 11/01/2015 - "Racial disparities in the pharmacological treatment of severe mental disorders persist 30 years after the introduction of second-generation antipsychotics. " 06/01/2015 - "Given the potential harm of not treating severe psychiatric illnesses during pregnancy, careful administration of antipsychotics is recommended for pregnant women who suffer from severe mental disorders. "
7.	4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone (HADS)IBA 07/01/2005 - "The aim of this study is to determine if the HADS correctly identified patients with depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [determined using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a gold-standard diagnostic tool], as depressed and to determine which items on the HADS most strongly predicted the PRIME-MD major depression diagnosis among cardiac patients. " 01/01/2006 - "The study compared the discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to detect mental disorders in the most frequent chronic somatic diseases. " 10/01/2015 - "The average sensitivity/specificity was 85%/92% for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Axis-I Disorders (SCID-I), 95%/84% for the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), < 70%/85% for the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), 88%/78% for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) with a cut-off score of 10, 69%/95% for PHQ-9 as a diagnostic algorithm and 70%/83% for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) with a cut-off score of 7. The confidence in the estimates for the other instruments was very low. " 08/30/2015 - "The presence of major (MD) and minor (md) depression was assessed with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), whereas its severity was evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). " 06/01/2015 - "Many instruments exist to assess mental disorders and anxiety, such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). "
8.	Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids)IBA 11/01/2006 - "The only way to verify whether n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are a potential therapeutic option in the management and prevention of mental disorders is to conduct a large definitive randomized controlled trials similar to those required for the licensing of any new pharmacological treatment." 12/22/2015 - "Deficiency in essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly the long-chain form of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been linked to health problems in mammals, including many mental disorders and reduced cognitive performance. " 01/01/2011 - "[International experience in studying effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: the influence on cognitive abilities and some mental disorders]." 01/01/2009 - "[Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental disorders]." 01/01/2006 - "Deficiencies in essential, mainly omega-3 and omega-6 (n-3, n-6) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) result in visual and cognitive impairment and disturbances in mental functions in animals and could be the main reason for the increasing incidence of different mental disorders in humans. "
9.	Buspirone (Buspar)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1994 - "The objectives of this study were to (1) identify and characterize hospitalized patients with an organic-related psychiatric diagnosis who had received buspirone therapy and (2) assess the effect of buspirone on aggressive behaviors. " 04/01/1991 - "The authors review a body of literature on animal and human subjects where buspirone was used in the treatment of aggression and other mental disorders. " 01/01/2006 - "The cases demonstrate that buspirone may be an effective and safe treatment for patients with dementia who demonstrate repetitive and stereotypic behavior disorders." 07/01/2002 - "1. Although clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of buspirone in treating generalized anxiety disorder, more studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in treating other anxiety disorders, depression, behavior disorders, substance abuse disorders, movement disorders, and other medical conditions. " 01/01/2015 - "Buspirone seems to be potential in treatment of other neurological and mental disorders (tardive dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease, ataxia, behavioral disorders, cranial/brain injuries, dementia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder)."
10.	Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)FDA Link 01/01/1956 - "[Chlorpromazine in mental disorders; indications for its use and limits of its therapeutic efficacy]." 06/01/1994 - "Chlorpromazine treatment of mental disorders. " 07/01/1979 - "Plasma chlorpromazine (CPZ) levels were studied in children 8 to 15 yr of age who were receiving CPZ for mental disorders. " 01/01/1972 - "[Biophysical blood properties in children with mental disorders receiving chlorpromazine treatment]." 06/15/1959 - "[Treatment of acute mental disorders with chlorpromazine]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/1997 - "The conduct of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapies for mental disorders is guided by research standards (at a high level of rigor) that govern most design elements, including randomization of subjects, use of placebo controls, formulation and dosage of the therapeutic agent, and monitoring of serum levels. " 10/01/2005 - "Beside the more widespread treatment of depression and other mental disorders, the improved safety of pharmacotherapy and the removal of the most toxic pesticides and chemicals from everyday use might have contributed to the reduction of the suicide rate in Hungary." 12/01/1991 - "During the past two decades psychopharmacologists have made considerable strides in establishing the safety and efficacy of psychotropic drug therapy for childhood behavior disorders. " 01/01/2014 - "While several trials have shown that effective treatments exist for mental disorders, such as pharmacotherapy, psychological interventions, and self-help programs, the treatment gap in mental health care remains pervasive. " 11/01/2013 - "this study reports an association between Common Mental Disorders and the socio-demographic and pharmacotherapy profiles of 106 patients cared for by a Primary Health Care unit in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. "
2.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 12/01/2011 - "Strategies for improving sleep should include (1) effective treatment of organic diseases and mental disorders, (2) elimination of social life factors that impair sleep quality, (3) light therapy and other nonpharmacological treatment options for longer periods, and (4) short-term use of sleep medication as required. " 10/01/1993 - "[Lateral phototherapy in somatoform mental disorders]." 01/01/1994 - "Four weeks of morning light therapy markedly improved sleep and behavior disorders in the dementia group. " 09/01/2011 - "Depression is a common mental disorder discerns with depressed mood, loss of interest, the primary treatment methods are drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, psychotherapy, light therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, etc. A number of innovative delivery systems have been developed to address suboptimal therapy outcomes by enhancing drug delivery, assuring efficacy of treatment, reducing side effects, improving compliance and drug targeting specific locations resulting in a higher efficiency. " 01/01/1994 - "Morning bright light therapy for sleep and behavior disorders in elderly patients with dementia."
3.	Traditional Medicine (Folk Remedies) 01/03/2007 - "Galphimia glauca Cav (Malpighiaceae) has been widely used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of mental disorders, principally as a sedative and tranquilizer. " 05/01/2013 - "We previously found that analogs of the compounds present in Valeriana jatamansi, a traditional medicine used to treat mental disorders, possess notable antitumor properties; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully demonstrated. " 01/01/2012 - "Sonchus asper (SA) is traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat mental disorders in Pakistan. " 11/01/2010 - "Explanations for mental disorders in India can be influenced by biomedicine, systems of traditional medicine and supernatural beliefs. " 04/01/2009 - "superba in folk medicine for nervous system and mental disorders."
4.	Hypnosis (Mesmerism) 04/01/2005 - "Postoperatively, hypnosis reduced the frequency of behavior disorders approximately by half on day 1 (30% vs 62%) and day 7 (26% vs 59%). " 01/01/2011 - "Diagnostic methods typically included clinical evaluation based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder criteria, but hypnosis, structured interviews, and multiple raters were rarely used in diagnoses. " 05/01/2003 - "Hypnosis is one of the oldest remedies against physical diseases and mental disorders of mankind. " 02/01/1977 - "It is suggested that covert sensitization with hypnosis may be a more effective procedure with such recalcitrant behavior disorders as polydrug abuse and addiction." 03/01/1963 - "An experience with group hypnosis in reading disability in primary behavior disorders."
5.	Combined Modality Therapy 11/30/2014 - "Efficacy of a multimodal treatment for disruptive behavior disorders in children and adolescents: focus on internalizing problems." 10/01/2003 - "The NIMH Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD found that children with other disruptive behavior disorders plus ADHD respond well to stimulant medications, with behavioral interventions reducing academic and social impairment. " 01/01/2008 - "Providing adequate psychiatric diagnosis and multimodal treatment for this group is necessary." 08/01/1995 - "The National Institute of Mental Health's recently initiated 5-year, multisite, multimodal treatment study of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (MTA) is the first major clinical trial in its history focused on a childhood mental disorder. " 05/01/2007 - "This study compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of children from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) to those from the NIMH Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). "