Basal Ganglia Diseases (Basal Ganglia Disease)

Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 227 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 22 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
2.	Huntington Disease (Huntington's Disease)
3.	Weight Gain
4.	Psychomotor Agitation (Akathisia)
5.	Parkinsonian Disorders (Parkinsonism)

Experts

1.	Durgam, Suresh: 4 articles (08/2015 - 02/2014)
2.	Laszlovszky, István: 4 articles (08/2015 - 02/2014)
3.	Ruth, Adam: 4 articles (08/2015 - 02/2014)
4.	Fernández-Ruiz, Javier: 4 articles (06/2010 - 01/2006)
5.	Starace, Anju: 3 articles (03/2015 - 02/2014)
6.	Németh, György: 3 articles (03/2015 - 02/2014)
7.	Ferré, Sergi: 3 articles (01/2011 - 01/2007)
8.	Lu, Kaifeng: 2 articles (08/2015 - 03/2015)
9.	Migliore, Raffaele: 2 articles (02/2015 - 02/2014)
10.	Li, Dayong: 2 articles (02/2015 - 02/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Basal Ganglia Diseases:

1.	Amantadine (Aman)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1977 - "A controlled trial of amantadine in drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders." 05/01/1987 - "The subjects neither complained of nor demonstrated memory impairment while taking amantadine, which is believed to exert its pharmacological effects upon extrapyramidal disorders via dopaminergic mechanisms and does not appear to be associated with memory impairment. " 04/01/1981 - "Amantadine is useful for the prevention and treatment of influenza A and for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders. " 01/01/1991 - "The antagonism between amantadine and chlorpromazine on brain amines may explain the therapeutic efficacy of amantadine in modulating chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal disorders." 01/01/1991 - "4. The results suggest that genetic factors underly differential alteration of brain dopamine and serotonin which may underly the mechanism of amantadine efficacy in neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal disorders and to the variable responses to amantadine therapy."
2.	EnzymesIBA 04/01/2009 - "receptors, inactivation mechanism, enzymes) might be beneficial in basal ganglia disorders, namely Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). " 01/01/1970 - "Enzymes of dopa metabolism of diencephalic structures in man and rabbit with special regard to extrapyramidal disorders." 08/01/1983 - "In vivo and in vitro studies have been presented to suggest an interrelationship between drugs used in the management of, or known for their induction of extrapyramidal disorder and certain dehydrogenase enzymes involved in this metabolic pathway of the biogenic amines. "
3.	Reserpine (Serpasil)FDA Link 07/01/1957 - "[Good results obtained with ACTH in extrapyramidal disorders caused by reserpine]." 08/01/2011 - "These results indicate that, acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol administrations induced similar motor disorders, although through different mechanisms, and therefore are important animal models to study the physiopathology of extrapyramidal disorders. " 08/01/2011 - "Acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol are animal models of extrapyramidal disorders often used to study parkinsonism, akinesia and tardive dyskinesia. " 08/01/2011 - "Here we used the animal models of extrapyramidal disorders cited above, which were performed in two distinct experiments: orofacial dyskinesia (OD)/catalepsy induced by acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol after (experiment 1) and before (experiment 2) oral treatment with pecan shell aqueous extract (AE), a natural and promissory antioxidant. "
4.	FlunarizineIBA 01/01/1988 - "Long-term administration of flunarizine should be avoided particularly in the elderly and in patients with extrapyramidal disorders." 10/01/2006 - "(6) Flunarizine also has documented efficacy, but this "hidden neuroleptic" can cause extrapyramidal disorders and weight gain. " 01/01/1989 - "In addition, the large number of conditions susceptible to being corrected by CA is impressive: epilepsy, pain, dystonia, dyskinesia, psychiatric conditions, etc. Other papers are disconcerting that report extrapyramidal disorders induced by flunarizine and cinnarizine in the elderly, whereas nicardipine does not produce such side effects and may even alleviate some parkinsonian symptoms. "
5.	Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor)IBA 06/01/2002 - "One group of receptors that holds much promise for several basal ganglia disorders is the metabotropic glutamate receptors. "
6.	Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)FDA Link 01/01/1991 - "The antagonism between amantadine and chlorpromazine on brain amines may explain the therapeutic efficacy of amantadine in modulating chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal disorders."
7.	AminesIBA 01/01/1991 - "The antagonism between amantadine and chlorpromazine on brain amines may explain the therapeutic efficacy of amantadine in modulating chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal disorders."
8.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 07/01/1957 - "[Good results obtained with ACTH in extrapyramidal disorders caused by reserpine]."
9.	Haloperidol (Haldol)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2009 - "These results support the notion that stimulation of 5-HT(1A) receptors region-specifically counteracts the D(2)-blocking actions of haloperidol in the striatum, which may account for the ameliorative effects of 5-HT(1A) agonists on antipsychotic-associated extrapyramidal disorders." 02/01/2004 - "Mathematical modeling showed that affinity of the ligand for M4 receptors positively affects its ability to correct extrapyramidal disorders (catatonic syndrome) produced by haloperidol, while affinity for M2 receptors had a negative effect on this characteristic." 01/01/1981 - "A use of haloperidol in increasing dosages (from 1 mg/kg up to 12 mg/kg) leads to an appearance of extrapyramidal disorders, a damage of the nervous system and changed forms of compensation. " 08/01/2011 - "These results indicate that, acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol administrations induced similar motor disorders, although through different mechanisms, and therefore are important animal models to study the physiopathology of extrapyramidal disorders. " 10/01/2005 - "In clinical trials, daily doses of aripiprazole, ranging from 15 mg to 30 mg, provoked fewer extrapyramidal disorders than haloperidol 10 mg/day. "
10.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2010 - "Following these discoveries, a study of (postmortem) brains of patients with basal ganglia disorders, including PD, was started, demonstrating, in 1960, a severe striatal DA deficit specifically in PD, thus furnishing a rational basis for the concept of "DA replacement therapy" with levodopa. " 06/01/2006 - "The extrapyramidal disorders were controlled by administration of levodopa. " 12/05/1970 - "Levodopa in drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders." 01/01/2012 - "The objective of this multicenter observational study "Optimization levodopa therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease" (OPTIMA) was to evaluate the current practice of prescribing levodopa to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by general practitioners and specialists in the treatment of extrapyramidal disorders in Russia. " 07/01/1981 - "[Involuntary movements as a complication of treatment of extrapyramidal disorders with L-dopa]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/1998 - "A consequence of such an experience is that magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans should be made of every patient with uncommon extrapyramidal disorders, particularly if they do not respond to drug therapy." 01/01/1961 - "[Role of central mediators in experimental production and drug therapy of some extrapyramidal disorders]." 01/01/2011 - "Because of their more subtle effects on neurotransmisison regulation than other ionotropic glutamate receptors, KARs represent interesting targets for the future development of pharmacotherapy for basal ganglia diseases."
2.	Pallidotomy 07/01/1995 - "[Pallidotomy for basal ganglia disorders]." 01/01/1985 - "The results of stereotactic pallidotomy in 37 patients with extrapyramidal disorders are presented. " 01/01/1985 - "Stereotactic pallidotomy in extrapyramidal disorders."
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 05/01/2000 - "The invited speakers were chosen to be wide ranging and contributions encompassed evolution, circuitry and receptors of the basal ganglia, striatal remodelling after dopamine loss, striatal functioning in humans with Huntington's disease and in primate models after midbrain fetal transplants, and the genetics of basal ganglia disorders. "
4.	Liver Transplantation 04/01/1996 - "Extrapyramidal disorder secondary to cytomegalovirus infection and toxoplasmosis after liver transplantation."
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2012 - "Recent progress in cell therapy for basal ganglia disorders with emphasis on menstrual blood transplantation in stroke."