Barbiturates

03/01/1988 - "Among the 14 patients, intravenous barbiturates, when administered with a loading dose followed by continuous infusion, were uniformly effective in aborting seizures and producing a burst-suppression EEG pattern. "
03/01/2006 - "Presently, however, there are no data that have unequivocally demonstrated the efficacy of barbiturates in the treatment of neonatal seizures. "
01/01/1993 - "A low incidence of seizures (13%) has been documented in one study using a preventive administration of barbiturates; however, this needs to be confirmed before in order to be recommended. "
09/01/1986 - "This prospective uncontrolled study of 52 patients aged 15 to 64 years (mean 24) demonstrates that patients who become refractory to barbiturates are mainly those with partial seizures with or without generalization or with a focal EEG abnormality (71%). "
10/01/2007 - "The advantages of barbiturates are lower frequency of short-term treatment failures, breakthrough seizures and changes to a different anesthetic agent. "

01/01/1991 - "Experiments were done to study the influence of the sedation in temporary threshold shift (TS) induced by acoustic overstimulation, as barbiturates were found to improve the brain's tolerance to ischemia. "
12/01/1996 - "The mechanism by which barbiturates protect neurons against ischemia is unclear, particularly when they are given after ischemia or reperfusion begins. "
01/01/1994 - "Barbiturates are reported to reduce brain oxidative metabolism and brain free fatty acid release during ischemia by mechanisms that are as yet unclear. "
09/01/1993 - "Conversely, in the event of incomplete ischemia EEG activity in usually present (albeit altered) and metabolic suppression and hence possibly protection can be induced with barbiturates. "
01/01/1985 - "It is concluded that a non-anesthetic dose of barbiturates is able to prevent selective vulnerability of CA1 sector, but that this effect is limited to the initial 5 min of ischemia."

08/01/1983 - "Seven patients with normal scintigraphic studies were being treated with barbiturates and hypothermia at levels that attenuated or completely suppressed EEG activity. "
01/01/2012 - "Intraoperative management of the ICP, which rose to 80 mmHg during the explant phase, was achieved by therapy with barbiturates and hypothermia. "
04/01/2010 - "Current findings support that hypothermia should be initiated as soon as possible, for at least 48 h duration, and that outcome is worse when barbiturates are part of ICU management. "
10/01/2009 - "Very few (ie, 15 of 57; 26%) protocols were capable of distinguishing between direct cerebral protection by the barbiturates and an artifactual, hypothermia-related, effect. "
10/01/2009 - "Our goal was to test the hypothesis that-given the barbiturates' novel ability to reduce brain temperature-the high prevalence of reports describing cerebral protection by barbiturates in animal models are, in part, the result of inadvertent cerebral hypothermia. "

04/01/1983 - "Our experience suggests that barbiturates can be effective in lowering intracranial pressure in patients with otherwise unresponsive intracranial hypertension, and, by doing so, may decrease the mortality in a group of patients considered untreatable by the usual therapeutic modalities."
01/01/1989 - "Efficacy of barbiturates in the treatment of resistant intracranial hypertension in severely head-injured children."
01/01/1989 - "Efficacy of barbiturates in the treatment of resistant intracranial hypertension in severely head-injured children."
11/01/2008 - "Larger studies are needed to examine the relationship between barbiturates and cerebral oxygenation in brain-injured patients with refractory intracranial hypertension and to determine whether PbtO2 responses can help guide therapy."
06/01/1987 - "In this study, the mechanism of action of barbiturates was examined in dogs with intracranial hypertension induced by injecting autogenous incubated blood into the chiasmatic cistern. "

05/01/1995 - "GHB has been used with good results for sedation of patients with severe brain injury, where it compares favourably with barbiturates. "
09/01/2001 - "Although barbiturates are considered to be cerebral protectants, little is known regarding the relative efficacy of different barbiturates to reduce ischemic brain injury. "
01/01/2013 - "Barbiturates use and its effects in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in five European countries."
12/01/2012 - "Asymmetry of Bispectral Index (BIS) in severe brain-injured patients treated by barbiturates with unilateral or diffuse brain injury."
01/01/2012 - "To assess the effects of barbiturates in reducing mortality, disability and raised ICP in people with acute traumatic brain injury. "