Bacteriuria

The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2492 relevant articles (172 outcomes, 333 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Urinary Tract Infections (Urinary Tract Infection)
2.	Infections
3.	Pyuria
4.	Cystitis
5.	Pyelonephritis

Experts

1.	Trautner, Barbara W: 18 articles (12/2020 - 05/2009)
2.	Juthani-Mehta, Manisha: 12 articles (01/2019 - 07/2007)
3.	Grigoryan, Larissa: 11 articles (02/2022 - 03/2014)
4.	Nicolle, Lindsay E: 11 articles (01/2020 - 11/2002)
5.	Johnson, James R: 11 articles (01/2019 - 01/2006)
6.	Wullt, Björn: 10 articles (03/2018 - 02/2004)
7.	Geerlings, Suzanne E: 10 articles (12/2017 - 01/2002)
8.	Van Ness, Peter H: 9 articles (03/2018 - 07/2007)
9.	Abramowicz, Daniel: 8 articles (03/2021 - 02/2014)
10.	Coussement, Julien: 8 articles (03/2021 - 02/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bacteriuria:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 04/16/2008 - " impregnated with antibiotics are also beneficial in reducing bacteriuria in hospitalised adults catheterised for less than one week but the data were too few to draw conclusions about those catheterised for longer. " 04/01/1989 - "We conclude that clinical and epidemiologic evidence indicates a strong association between untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria and LBW/preterm delivery and that antibiotic treatment is effective in reducing the occurrence of LBW." 05/01/1975 - "The mean volume for residual urine in the control girls was 1-1 ml. Among the 44 girls cured for their bacteriuria be a bladder wash out test or antibiotic treatment, recurrence was significantly more common (p less than 0.001) in those greater than 5 ml in RUV (45/20, 75%) than in those with less than or equal to 5 ml (4/24, 17%). " 02/15/2012 - "At follow-up four to five years after initial treatment, all included studies reported that antibiotic treatment was effective in reducing the number of children with bacteriuria (RR 0.54; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.70). " 01/01/2019 - "This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to ascertain whether asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a risk factor for PJI and if so, whether preoperative antibiotic treatment is effective in reducing its risk. "
2.	Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination Trimethoprim (Co-Trimoxazole)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1980 - "Patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole had a much better response to clearance of the pathogenic bacteria from the external vagina but this did not correlate with clearance of the bladder bacteriuria. " 11/01/1973 - "Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in bacteriuria." 08/01/1993 - "The proportion of all episodes of bacteriuria that were due to TMP-SMX-resistant organisms was unexpectedly high in the placebo group (51%), and increased progressively according to year of enrollment in the study. " 08/01/1993 - "Among male subjects, bacteriuria was present during 50% or more of study weeks in 30% of TMP-SMX recipients and in 56% of placebo recipients (p = 0.003). " 07/25/2011 - "After 1 month, in the cranberry group, 23.7% of fecal and 28.1% of asymptomatic bacteriuria E coli isolates were TMP-SMX resistant, whereas in the TMP-SMX group, 86.3% of fecal and 90.5% of asymptomatic bacteriuria E coli isolates were TMP-SMX resistant. "
3.	Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2009 - "To evaluate whether a 1-day nitrofurantoin regimen is as effective as a 7-day regimen in eradicating asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. " 05/01/1999 - "Bacteriuria after combined urodynamics and cystourethroscopy was not improved by a 1-day course of nitrofurantoin." 05/01/1999 - "To determine the efficacy of prophylactic nitrofurantoin in preventing bacteriuria after urodynamics and cystourethroscopy. " 06/01/1989 - "Subsequent bacteriuria with Gram-positive cocci was eliminated by nitrofurantoin (50 mg qid) within four days. " 09/01/1975 - "A short course of nitrofurantoin eliminated the bacteriuria in 93% of the girls in the treatment group. "
4.	SilverIBA 09/01/2015 - "We tested RapidBac, a rapid immunoassay for bacteriuria developed by Silver Lake Research Corporation (SLRC), compared with standard bacterial culture using 966 clean-catch urine specimens submitted to a clinical microbiology laboratory in an urban academic medical center. " 04/01/1995 - "This study, the largest ever reported evaluating any silver-impregnated device, has not only failed to demonstrate the efficacy of silver in prevention of catheter-associated bacteriuria, as suggested in prior studies, but it has also shown a significantly increased incidence of bacteriuria in male patients and a significantly increased occurrence of staphylococcal bacteriuria. " 03/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of a novel silver-impregnated Foley catheter system designed to prevent catheter-associated bacteriuria and funguria, assess recruitment feasibility for a future pivotal trial, and preliminarily assess efficacy. " 10/01/2002 - "Trials using silver-coated catheters in the treatment group and uncoated catheters in the control group, with bacteriuria as the outcome measure, were selected. " 10/01/2019 - "Bacteriuria was found in 12 (46.2%) of the patients using normal catheters and 13 (46.4%) of those using silver-coated catheters throughout the monitoring period. "
5.	Amoxicillin (Wymox)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1989 - "The results obtained in the present study suggest that in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin is as effective and acceptable as a 4-day course. " 03/01/1990 - "Two hundred fifty-one women with bladder bacteriuria were subjected to different treatments by randomized allocation: 153 patients with amoxicillin-susceptible bacterias were selected for amoxicillin treatment of 1, 3, and 10 days' duration. " 01/01/1989 - "A prospective, randomized, controlled comparative clinical trial was carried out with the aim of investigating the efficacy and tolerance of two different dosage regimens of amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. " 01/01/1989 - "Amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin versus a 4-day course of 3 doses 750 mg amoxicillin." 09/01/1987 - "Our results suggest that for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy a single dose of 3 g of amoxicillin is equally effective and acceptable as a 4-day course with the advantage of a lower total-dose, lower costs and a better compliance."
6.	NitritesIBA 03/01/1996 - "This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of urinary nitrite in screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria among school children compared to a more traditional method. " 09/01/2013 - "The utility values of the nitrite test were: sensitivity, 1; specificity, 0.9; positive likelihood ratio, 10; and negative predictive value, 1. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in preadolescent girls in this Mexican study is similar to the one reported internationally; it is reasonable to consider its early detection to avoid its effects on future pregnancies. " 12/14/1992 - "The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of test strips for urinary nitrite and leucocytes for detection of bacteriuria in elderly patients. " 01/01/1982 - "The high frequency of the latter offers an explanation to the low reliability of the nitrite dip test in diagnosing significant bacteriuria in this study." 01/01/2021 - "Positive nitrite in urine was associated with bacteriuria (P = 0.01). "
7.	disilver oxideIBA 09/23/2014 - "For the outcome of bacteriuria, silver oxide catheters were not associated with any statistically significant reduction (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.13). " 04/16/2008 - "Silver oxide catheters were not associated with a statistically significant reduction in bacteriuria in short-term catheterised hospitalised adults but the confidence intervals were wide (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.15) and these catheters are no longer available. " 01/01/2008 - "Silver oxide catheters were not associated with a statistically significant reduction in bacteriuria in short-term catheterized hospitalized adults but the confidence intervals were wide (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68-1.15) and these catheters are no longer available. " 01/01/2004 - "Silver oxide catheters were not associated with a statistically significant reduction in bacteriuria in short-term catheterised hospitalised adults but the confidence intervals were wide (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.15). " 05/01/1989 - "Re: Effect of silver oxide/trichloroisocyanuric acid antimicrobial urinary drainage system on catheter-associated bacteriuria."
8.	NorfloxacinFDA Link 09/01/1999 - "The aims of this study were: i) to evaluate the prevalence of bacteriuria in cirrhotics, ii) to search for associated factors, iii) to evaluate the role of bladder post-void residual volume, and iv) to test the sensitivity of isolated bacteria to norfloxacin. " 09/01/1996 - "A double-blind comparative study of norfloxacin versus placebo in hospitalised elderly patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria." 08/01/1988 - "Bacteriuria developed in 32 of 51 (63%) control patients compared to 8 of 54 (15%) patients receiving norfloxacin (p less than 0.001). " 08/01/1988 - "During the second 12 weeks, norfloxacin was superior to placebo (P less than 0.05) in suppressing bacteriuria. " 04/01/1992 - "Only 1 patient of 70 on norfloxacin prophylaxis developed post-operative bacteriuria, which quickly responded to prolongation of norfloxacin therapy. "
9.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2007 - "This large trial shows clearly that one dose of oral ciprofloxacin significantly reduces bacteriuria after FC." 06/01/2006 - "Effectiveness of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in preventing bacteriuria caused by urodynamic study: a blind, randomized study of 192 patients." 03/01/1999 - "To determine the efficacy and safety of single-dose oral ciprofloxacin prophylaxis for the prevention of post-operative bacteriuria following transurethral resection of the prostate or bladder tumour, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. " 07/01/2014 - "The likelihood of resistance to ciprofloxacin in patients with bacteriuria in A was greater than that of FMT in B (69.2% vs. 41.9%; P=.0004). " 11/01/2002 - "This prospective study showed that short-term prophylaxis with P/T was associated with a low rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria, requiring no further treatment, whereas although the rate was similar on long-term prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin patients required further treatment, with one needing hospitalization. "
10.	Ofloxacin (Ofloxacine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1987 - "Bacteriuria was eliminated in 12 patients, unchanged in 1 and replaced in 2 in the ofloxacin group. " 09/01/1984 - "Bacteriuria was eliminated in 76.5% in the DL-8280 group and in 50.4% in the PPA group. " 12/01/2012 - "Numerous studies only focus on Enterobacteriaceae, and the data from our study need to be confirmed on larger samples, in order to validate the predictive value of health-related bacteriuria for ofloxacin resistance." 12/01/2012 - "Strains isolated in health-related bacteriuria are more frequently ofloxacin resistant principally because of the greater proportion of Gram positive bacteria and because of a non-significant higher ofloxacin resistance rate among Enterobacteriaceae. " 01/01/1995 - "Comparison of 2 oral ofloxacin regimens for the treatment of bacteriuria in elderly subjects."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Catheters 09/01/1997 - "Most modifications of the closed catheter system have not improved markedly on its ability to postpone bacteriuria. " 06/01/1984 - "At the time of removal of the catheter on the 6th day, 26/52 patients (50%) had significant bacteriuria greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml. In 11 out of the 26 patients with bacteriuria the urine cleared spontaneously within 2 days; on the other hand, 10/26 patients with a negative culture at the time of removal of the catheter had significant bacteriuria 2 days later. " 03/01/1981 - "To evaluate the efficacy of daily cleansing of the urethral meatus-catheter junction in preventing bacteriuria during closed urinary drainage, randomized, controlled trials of two widely recommended regimens for meatal care were completed. " 10/01/2011 - "Better techniques to evaluate and prevent catheter-associated bacteriuria and UTIs await improved diagnostic modalities and catheter technologies. " 03/01/2015 - "In this pilot randomized trial the test system was well tolerated and seemingly effective in preventing catheter-associated bacteriuria, especially with gram-negative bacilli. "
2.	Therapeutics 09/01/1997 - "Short-course therapy should be given to women with bacteriuria and clearance of bacteriuria should be documented after therapy is complete. " 05/01/1987 - "A 50% recurrence rate in the group of patients in whom single-dose treatment failed was compared with a 5% recurrence rate in the group cured by single-dose therapy, which indicates that failure with single-dose antimicrobial therapy can serve as a therapeutic test to identify patients at high risk for recurrent bacteriuria and its sequelae during pregnancy. " 12/01/1992 - "Numerous studies have shown that single-dose therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria is as effective as longer course of treatment. " 03/01/1991 - "Short-course therapy is as effective as prolonged therapy and should be followed with a repeat culture to document clearing of the bacteriuria. " 12/01/1987 - "Short-course therapy is as effective as prolonged therapy and should be followed with a repeat culture to document clearing of the bacteriuria. "
3.	Urinary Catheters 08/01/2011 - "To compare the efficacy of both commercially available and emerging urinary catheter technologies in relation to their effects on bacteriuria caused by Escherichia coli in vitro. " 08/01/2011 - "Comparative efficacy of commercially available and emerging antimicrobial urinary catheters against bacteriuria caused by E. " 07/15/2010 - "Use of a strict protocol for urinary catheter placement and maintenance was likely key in the low incidence of nosocomial bacteriuria in the present study." 09/01/1990 - "The incidence of new bacteriuria was less than half that found in our earlier studies of long-term urethral catheters in the same institution. " 07/01/1989 - "Previous studies have demonstrated long-term use of urethral catheters to be associated with almost universal bacteriuria of a polymicrobial and dynamic nature. "
4.	Indwelling Catheters (Indwelling Catheter) 04/01/1990 - "[A study of incidence of bacteriuria according to bladder irrigation in patients with indwelling catheters]." 01/01/1990 - "The tendency to develop bacteriuria during the use of various forms of indwelling catheters was evaluated in a randomized trial in 90 patients. " 05/01/1988 - "Bacteriuria and bacteraemia in patients with long-term indwelling catheters--a domiciliary study." 11/01/1985 - "However, studies have already demonstrated that the excess mortality associated with bacteriuria in hospitalized patients with indwelling catheters can be greatly reduced by simple devices that prevent bacteriuria and that this reduction in rates of bacteriuria is accompanied by a corresponding significant decline in associated mortality. " 04/08/2015 - "Asymptomatic bacteriuria from urethral colonization or indwelling catheters, sample contamination from perineal or vaginal sources, and non-infectious inflammatory conditions can mimic UTIs, leading to uncertainty on medical treatment decisions. "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/1996 - "The risk of new stone formation after 5 years was estimated to be 63.3% and was significantly greater in patients with recurrent bacteriuria after treatment. " 02/01/1988 - "At follow-up one month after treatment bacteriuria had recurred in 18% of the patients immediately cured, thus resulting in an overall success rate of 70%. " 02/15/2012 - "At follow-up two years after treatment, two studies reported that there was no evidence of a reduction in persistent bacteriuria (RR 0.32; 95% CI 0.03 to 3.44). " 02/13/2018 - "However, there were significantly fewer subjects with bacteriuria after treatment (p <0.005). " 12/01/2015 - "CRKP bacteriuria after kidney transplant is associated with mortality and antimicrobial failure after treatment."