Bacteriuria

The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1525 relevant articles (113 outcomes, 199 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Urinary Tract Infections (Urinary Tract Infection)
3.	Pyuria
4.	Bacteremia
5.	Spinal Cord Injuries (Spinal Cord Injury)

Experts

1.	Trautner, Barbara W: 11 articles (07/2015 - 05/2009)
2.	Johnson, James R: 9 articles (03/2015 - 09/2004)
3.	Nicolle, Lindsay E: 8 articles (02/2014 - 11/2002)
4.	Geerlings, Suzanne E: 7 articles (01/2016 - 02/2007)
5.	Naik, Aanand D: 6 articles (07/2015 - 01/2011)
6.	Juthani-Mehta, Manisha: 6 articles (04/2013 - 07/2007)
7.	Raz, R: 6 articles (10/2006 - 10/2000)
8.	Petersen, Nancy J: 5 articles (07/2015 - 08/2013)
9.	Tenke, Peter: 5 articles (02/2014 - 02/2008)
10.	Naber, Kurt G: 5 articles (01/2014 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bacteriuria:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 08/01/2013 - "However, interventions in LTCFs have been proven to be effective: inappropriate use of antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria may be reduced; hand hygiene compliance may be improved; and the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms may be halted. " 02/01/2014 - "Widespread prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, lack of an accepted clinical or laboratory gold standard to start antibiotics for UTI, and a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in the LTC population all contribute to this challenge. " 01/01/2008 - " impregnated with antibiotics are also beneficial in reducing bacteriuria in hospitalised adults catheterised for less than one week but the data were too few to draw conclusions about those catheterised for longer. " 01/01/2014 - "The patient's medical records showed no history of recurrent UTI, however, when the urine specimen was sent to routine culture at the time of study it showed a significant bacteriuria caused by a single bacterium, and the patient was prescribed antibiotics. " 06/01/2010 - "Our data support earlier studies underscoring the need to carefully consider the role of antibiotics and for better clinical guidelines for the treatment of bacteriuria in this population."
2.	Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination (Co-Trimoxazole)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1980 - "Patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole had a much better response to clearance of the pathogenic bacteria from the external vagina but this did not correlate with clearance of the bladder bacteriuria. " 04/01/1992 - "To test whether longer duration of treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in old age could improve the efficacy of cotrimoxazole therapy, three regimens were given to 75 ambulant bacteriuric residents of a retirement home, aged greater than or equal to 68 years. " 11/01/1973 - "Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in bacteriuria." 08/01/1993 - "The proportion of all episodes of bacteriuria that were due to TMP-SMX-resistant organisms was unexpectedly high in the placebo group (51%), and increased progressively according to year of enrollment in the study. " 08/01/1993 - "Among male subjects, bacteriuria was present during 50% or more of study weeks in 30% of TMP-SMX recipients and in 56% of placebo recipients (p = 0.003). "
3.	Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2009 - "To evaluate whether a 1-day nitrofurantoin regimen is as effective as a 7-day regimen in eradicating asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. " 05/01/1999 - "Bacteriuria after combined urodynamics and cystourethroscopy was not improved by a 1-day course of nitrofurantoin." 05/01/1999 - "To determine the efficacy of prophylactic nitrofurantoin in preventing bacteriuria after urodynamics and cystourethroscopy. " 06/01/1989 - "Subsequent bacteriuria with Gram-positive cocci was eliminated by nitrofurantoin (50 mg qid) within four days. " 09/01/1975 - "A short course of nitrofurantoin eliminated the bacteriuria in 93% of the girls in the treatment group. "
4.	Amoxicillin (Wymox)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1989 - "230 patients with confirmed bacteriuria with amoxycillin-sensitive bacterias participated in a randomized short-course treatment trial: 114 women received 3 days treatment with amoxycillin (1.5 g/day), 116 received the traditional 10 days therapy (750 mg amoxycillin/day). " 01/01/1989 - "The results obtained in the present study suggest that in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin is as effective and acceptable as a 4-day course. " 03/01/1990 - "Two hundred fifty-one women with bladder bacteriuria were subjected to different treatments by randomized allocation: 153 patients with amoxicillin-susceptible bacterias were selected for amoxicillin treatment of 1, 3, and 10 days' duration. " 01/01/1989 - "A prospective, randomized, controlled comparative clinical trial was carried out with the aim of investigating the efficacy and tolerance of two different dosage regimens of amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. " 01/01/1989 - "Amoxicillin in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a single dose of 3 g amoxicillin versus a 4-day course of 3 doses 750 mg amoxicillin."
5.	disilver oxideIBA 01/01/2014 - "For the outcome of bacteriuria, silver oxide catheters were not associated with any statistically significant reduction (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.13). " 01/01/2008 - "Silver oxide catheters were not associated with a statistically significant reduction in bacteriuria in short-term catheterized hospitalized adults but the confidence intervals were wide (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68-1.15) and these catheters are no longer available. " 01/01/2008 - "Silver oxide catheters were not associated with a statistically significant reduction in bacteriuria in short-term catheterised hospitalised adults but the confidence intervals were wide (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.15) and these catheters are no longer available. " 01/01/2004 - "Silver oxide catheters were not associated with a statistically significant reduction in bacteriuria in short-term catheterised hospitalised adults but the confidence intervals were wide (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.15). " 01/01/1988 - "We assessed the efficacy of silver oxide coating of the indwelling urethral catheter and catheter adapter, and instillation of trichloroisocyanuric acid into the urinary drainage bag in the prevention of catheter-associated bacteriuria in a prospective and randomized study of 74 patients. "
6.	SilverIBA 09/01/2015 - "We tested RapidBac, a rapid immunoassay for bacteriuria developed by Silver Lake Research Corporation (SLRC), compared with standard bacterial culture using 966 clean-catch urine specimens submitted to a clinical microbiology laboratory in an urban academic medical center. " 04/01/1995 - "This study, the largest ever reported evaluating any silver-impregnated device, has not only failed to demonstrate the efficacy of silver in prevention of catheter-associated bacteriuria, as suggested in prior studies, but it has also shown a significantly increased incidence of bacteriuria in male patients and a significantly increased occurrence of staphylococcal bacteriuria. " 03/01/2015 - "Safety and efficacy of a novel silver-impregnated urinary catheter system for preventing catheter-associated bacteriuria: a pilot randomized clinical trial." 03/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of a novel silver-impregnated Foley catheter system designed to prevent catheter-associated bacteriuria and funguria, assess recruitment feasibility for a future pivotal trial, and preliminarily assess efficacy. " 10/01/2002 - "Trials using silver-coated catheters in the treatment group and uncoated catheters in the control group, with bacteriuria as the outcome measure, were selected. "
7.	NorfloxacinFDA Link 09/01/1999 - "The aims of this study were: i) to evaluate the prevalence of bacteriuria in cirrhotics, ii) to search for associated factors, iii) to evaluate the role of bladder post-void residual volume, and iv) to test the sensitivity of isolated bacteria to norfloxacin. " 09/01/1996 - "A double-blind comparative study of norfloxacin versus placebo in hospitalised elderly patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria." 04/01/1992 - "Only 1 patient of 70 on norfloxacin prophylaxis developed post-operative bacteriuria, which quickly responded to prolongation of norfloxacin therapy. " 08/01/1988 - "Bacteriuria developed in 32 of 51 (63%) control patients compared to 8 of 54 (15%) patients receiving norfloxacin (p less than 0.001). " 08/01/1988 - "During the second 12 weeks, norfloxacin was superior to placebo (P less than 0.05) in suppressing bacteriuria. "
8.	Ofloxacin (Levofloxacin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1987 - "Bacteriuria was eliminated in 12 patients, unchanged in 1 and replaced in 2 in the ofloxacin group. " 09/01/1984 - "Bacteriuria was eliminated in 76.5% in the DL-8280 group and in 50.4% in the PPA group. " 12/01/2012 - "Numerous studies only focus on Enterobacteriaceae, and the data from our study need to be confirmed on larger samples, in order to validate the predictive value of health-related bacteriuria for ofloxacin resistance." 12/01/2012 - "Strains isolated in health-related bacteriuria are more frequently ofloxacin resistant principally because of the greater proportion of Gram positive bacteria and because of a non-significant higher ofloxacin resistance rate among Enterobacteriaceae. " 09/01/2012 - "Three isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae, recovered from residents of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro with significant bacteriuria, were found to be resistant to levofloxacin. "
9.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2007 - "This large trial shows clearly that one dose of oral ciprofloxacin significantly reduces bacteriuria after FC." 06/01/2006 - "Effectiveness of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in preventing bacteriuria caused by urodynamic study: a blind, randomized study of 192 patients." 03/01/1999 - "To determine the efficacy and safety of single-dose oral ciprofloxacin prophylaxis for the prevention of post-operative bacteriuria following transurethral resection of the prostate or bladder tumour, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. " 07/01/2014 - "The likelihood of resistance to ciprofloxacin in patients with bacteriuria in A was greater than that of FMT in B (69.2% vs. 41.9%; P=.0004). " 11/01/2002 - "This prospective study showed that short-term prophylaxis with P/T was associated with a low rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria, requiring no further treatment, whereas although the rate was similar on long-term prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin patients required further treatment, with one needing hospitalization. "
10.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1983 - "All three gentamicin schedules were effective in lowering the incidence of postoperative bacteriuria, with a single dose of gentamicin two hours preoperatively being the most effective. " 12/01/2010 - "Three case series using gentamicin all pointed towards a significant reduction in bacteriuria and UTIs. " 05/01/2006 - "Gentamicin bladder irrigations are a helpful adjunct in the management of complex pediatric urological cases involving recurrent symptomatic bacteriuria. " 04/01/1982 - "Chronic bacteriuria with gentamicin-resistant E coli and Klebsiellae (half life 180 days) but not Klebsiella oxytoca nor Citrobacter persisted for long periods." 08/01/1981 - "alone or in combination with gentamicin because bacteremic, and 9.5 per cent had postbiopsy bacteriuria. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Catheters 09/01/1997 - "Most modifications of the closed catheter system have not improved markedly on its ability to postpone bacteriuria. " 04/01/1986 - "The catheter was highly effective in preventing the acquisition of catheter-associated bacteriuria in patients with initially sterile urine without systemic antimicrobial therapy. " 06/01/1984 - "At the time of removal of the catheter on the 6th day, 26/52 patients (50%) had significant bacteriuria greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml. In 11 out of the 26 patients with bacteriuria the urine cleared spontaneously within 2 days; on the other hand, 10/26 patients with a negative culture at the time of removal of the catheter had significant bacteriuria 2 days later. " 03/01/1981 - "To evaluate the efficacy of daily cleansing of the urethral meatus-catheter junction in preventing bacteriuria during closed urinary drainage, randomized, controlled trials of two widely recommended regimens for meatal care were completed. " 10/01/2011 - "Better techniques to evaluate and prevent catheter-associated bacteriuria and UTIs await improved diagnostic modalities and catheter technologies. "
2.	Indwelling Catheters (Arterial Line) 04/01/1990 - "[A study of incidence of bacteriuria according to bladder irrigation in patients with indwelling catheters]." 01/01/1990 - "The tendency to develop bacteriuria during the use of various forms of indwelling catheters was evaluated in a randomized trial in 90 patients. " 05/01/1988 - "Bacteriuria and bacteraemia in patients with long-term indwelling catheters--a domiciliary study." 11/01/1985 - "However, studies have already demonstrated that the excess mortality associated with bacteriuria in hospitalized patients with indwelling catheters can be greatly reduced by simple devices that prevent bacteriuria and that this reduction in rates of bacteriuria is accompanied by a corresponding significant decline in associated mortality. " 01/01/2009 - "Forty-four percent of hospital patients with indwelling catheters can develop significant bacteriuria within 72 hours of catheterisation. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 02/01/1988 - "At follow-up one month after treatment bacteriuria had recurred in 18% of the patients immediately cured, thus resulting in an overall success rate of 70%. " 01/01/2012 - "At follow-up two years after treatment, two studies reported that there was no evidence of a reduction in persistent bacteriuria (RR 0.32; 95% CI 0.03 to 3.44). " 11/01/2015 - "After treatment of bacteriuria, patients should be followed closely due to risk of recurrent bacteriuria. " 02/01/2007 - "Treatment of bacteriuria should include 3-day therapy with appropriate antimicrobials, and women should be followed closely after treatment because recurrence may occur in up to one third of patients." 09/01/1991 - "However, the treatment usually will eradicate the accompanying persistent bacteriuria and sterile stone particles will not enlarge during the first 2 to 4 years after treatment."
4.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 08/01/2011 - "Preoperative bacteriological screening, treatment for bacteriuria, and individualized antibiotic prophylaxis were effective for reducing GNB SSI." 01/01/2013 - " study (78 participants) compared antibiotic prophylaxis in patients at catheterisation only versus antibiotic prophylaxis throughout catheterisation period with asymptomatic bacteriuria. " 01/01/2013 - "Two non-surgical studies could not be combined in a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity and only one showed significantly fewer cases of bacteriuria (RR 0.19; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.37).Two trials of surgical patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria only (255 participants) compared one type of antibiotic prophylaxis with another and neither study showed a significant difference in cases of bacteriuria.One" 04/01/2009 - "The current study provides evidence that no antibiotic prophylaxis is required before diagnostic cystoscopy in patients without bacteriuria. " 10/01/1998 - "In addition, this study establishes the actual rate of bacteriuria after transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate without antibiotic prophylaxis to be 8% with a clinical rate of UTI of 5% and a hospitalization rate of 2%."
5.	Intravesical Administration 05/01/1991 - "The mean incidence of significant bacteriuria in males and females who received Trisdine bladder instillations was 0.58 and 0.48% per catheterisation respectively; in males and females catheterised with the O'Neil catheter it was 1.16 and 2.93% per catheterisation respectively. " 10/01/1991 - "Single preoperative bladder instillation of povidone-iodine for the prevention of postprostatectomy bacteriuria and wound infection." 10/01/1991 - "It has been demonstrated that the use of preoperative bladder instillation of povidone-iodine may be highly effective in the prevention of postprostatectomy wound infection and in reducing the incidence of bacteriuria in patients with an indwelling catheter and urine colonization." 05/01/1991 - "Bladder instillations of trisdine compared with catheter introducer for reduction of bacteriuria during intermittent catheterisation of patients with acute spinal cord trauma." 10/01/1979 - "The value of kanamycin-colistin bladder instillations in reducing bacteriuria during intermittent catheterisation of patients with acute spinal cord injury."