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Back Pain (Backache)

Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.

Also Known As:

Backache; Backaches; Pain, Back; Back Ache; Back Pain with Radiation; Back Pain without Radiation; Vertebrogenic Pain Syndrome; Ache, Back; Aches, Back; Back Aches; Back Pains; Pain Syndrome, Vertebrogenic; Pain Syndromes, Vertebrogenic; Pains, Back; Syndrome, Vertebrogenic Pain; Syndromes, Vertebrogenic Pain; Vertebrogenic Pain Syndromes

Networked: 2615 relevant articles (252 outcomes, 311 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Osteoporosis
3.	Headache (Headaches)
4.	Nausea
5.	Compression Fractures (Compression Fracture)

Experts

1.	Deyo, Richard A: 17 articles (11/2015 - 06/2003)
2.	Dougados, Maxime: 15 articles (11/2015 - 09/2005)
3.	Sieper, Joachim: 13 articles (08/2015 - 02/2006)
4.	McGirt, Matthew J: 12 articles (06/2015 - 02/2009)
5.	van der Heijde, D: 12 articles (01/2015 - 05/2004)
6.	Braun, J: 12 articles (01/2015 - 01/2000)
7.	Sieper, J: 11 articles (01/2011 - 01/2000)
8.	van der Heijde, Désirée: 9 articles (11/2015 - 11/2011)
9.	Cherkin, Daniel C: 9 articles (11/2015 - 06/2003)
10.	Landewé, R: 9 articles (01/2015 - 06/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Back Pain:

1.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 08/26/1996 - "There was a decreased use of medical treatment for back pain following the program, with 42 % of the patients refraining from the intake of analgesics, followed by a significant reduction in physiotherapy and the consultation of physicians. " 03/01/2013 - "At 8 weeks, although both groups had improved, the group that used orthotics had a lower Oswestry Disability Index than the usual care group (P < .05), with a smaller proportion of the orthotics group using any form of prescribed analgesics for back pain (P < .05). " 07/01/1989 - "In 36% (CL = 22-51%) of patients back pain diminished to the point when only milder analgesics were necessary (partial remission). " 08/01/2015 - "We report a case of a healthy 29-year-old male who presented with upper back pain that was unresponsive to over-the-counter analgesics. " 10/01/2014 - "In these older adults consulting their GP with back pain, 72% used analgesics at baseline. "
2.	Teriparatide (Parathar)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "Teriparatide-treated patients had a reduced incidence of back pain versus those receiving a comparator during an observation encompassing clinical trials plus 30 months of posttreatment observation." 05/01/2013 - "A primary objective of this retrospective study was to define the efficacy of teriparatide in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) changes and relief of back pain in clinical practice. " 01/01/2014 - "The European Forsteo Observational Study assessed the clinical fracture incidence, back pain, quality of life (QoL), and treatment persistence amongst post-menopausal women, who were prescribed teriparatide in routine care in eight European countries. " 01/01/2014 - "Treatment persistence and changes in fracture risk, back pain, and quality of life amongst patients treated with teriparatide in routine clinical care in France: results from the European Forsteo Observational Study." 09/01/2012 - "The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of teriparatide treatment on back pain-related functional limitations and to investigate on patients HRQoL. "
3.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 04/01/2007 - "Efficacy of noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressants in chronic back pain: a preliminary concentration-controlled trial." 11/15/2003 - "To systematically review the efficacy of antidepressants for the treatment of patients with back pain and to determine whether there is evidence that outcomes vary between classes of antidepressants. " 11/15/2003 - "Three previous reviews have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the efficacy of antidepressants for patients with back pain. " 01/14/2002 - "To assess the efficacy of antidepressants in treating back pain in adults. " 11/15/2003 - "Best evidence synthesis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials of oral antidepressive agents in patients with back pain. "
4.	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)IBA 10/01/2002 - "Outcome was good with steroid therapy but back pain was only improved by NSAIDs. " 10/15/2000 - "Efficacy of NSAIDs have been demonstrated in acute back pain with randomised clinical trials. " 10/01/2010 - "Prostaglandin (PG) actions on disc metabolism are unclear even though certain PGs are highly expressed by disc cells under inflammatory conditions and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to block PG production to treat back pain. " 04/01/2006 - "omega-3 EFA fish oil supplements appear to be a safer alternative to NSAIDs for treatment of nonsurgical neck or back pain in this selective group." 12/01/2004 - "There is a lack of information on national prescription patterns of NSAIDs and muscle relaxants among individuals with back pain in the United States. "
5.	Alendronate (Alendronate Sodium)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2001 - "Treatment with alendronate 10 mg/day improved bone density and back pain. " 04/01/2005 - "The results of this study suggest that whole-body vibration exercise using a Galileo machine appears to be useful in reducing chronic back pain, probably by relaxing the back muscles in post-menopausal osteoporotic women treated with alendronate." 04/01/2005 - "Effect of whole-body vibration exercise on lumbar bone mineral density, bone turnover, and chronic back pain in post-menopausal osteoporotic women treated with alendronate." 12/01/2004 - "This report provides evidence indicating that treatment with oral alendronate may have the potential to decrease bone turnover, improve the lumbar BMD, reduce back pain, and prevent new fragile fractures in premenopausal women with OI type I." 01/10/2000 - "In postmenopausal women with preexisting vertebral fracture, alendronate therapy for 3 years reduced the number of days of bed disability and days of limited activity caused by back pain."
6.	Opioid Analgesics (Opioids)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Opioids seem to have short term analgesic efficacy for chronic back pain, but benefits for function are less clear. " 09/01/2001 - "[Opioids: treatment anxiety of physicians and patients in management of chronic backache]." 07/01/2013 - "This study aimed to explore the relationship between prescribed opioids and disability among patients consulting in primary care with back pain. " 09/01/2010 - "The purpose of this study was to conduct a randomized trial in patients who were prescribed opioids for noncancer back pain and who showed risk potential for or demonstration of opioid misuse to see if close monitoring and cognitive behavioral substance misuse counseling could increase overall compliance with opioids. " 01/01/2004 - "There were no significant differences between study groups in the proportion of patients who were referred for X-ray, issued with a sickness certificate, prescribed opioids or muscle relaxants, or who were referred to secondary care, but significantly more patients in the intervention group were referred to physiotherapy or the back pain unit (difference in proportion = 12.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8% to 21.6%). "
7.	Calcitonin (Calcitonin, Eel)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2015 - "The additive effect of calcitonin with a bisphosphonate on chronic back pain remains unclear. " 07/01/2015 - "Calcitonin has been reported to reduce acute and chronic back pain in osteoporotic patients. " 03/01/2006 - "Intranasal calcitonin has no effect on chronic back pain intensity and functional capacity of osteoporotic women regardless of the presence of fractures, degenerative disorders or chronic back pain of non-specific etiology." 03/01/2005 - "These facts suggest that improvement of back pain using calcitonin correlates directly with recovery in functional status, indirectly with recovery in general well being." 01/01/2005 - "Calcitonin is a good option in subjects with back pain because of its analgesic effect. "
8.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 11/01/2009 - "Immediately after the operation, we calculated a significant reduction of the back pain on the VAS to 1.7, of leukocyte counts and C-reactive protein levels. " 10/01/2002 - "The lumbar back pain improved and there was a decrease in C-reactive protein to the normal range 3 weeks after onset. " 09/01/2012 - "The patient was 69-year-old man presenting with severe abdominal and back pain and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), as inflammatory marker. " 08/01/2009 - "On presentation, 27/38 patients with back pain were afebrile and 2/37 patients had a normal C-reactive protein (CRP) level in the first 24 hours. " 01/01/2009 - "Regression analysis resulted in an index with five variables (total back pain, patient global assessment, duration of morning stiffness, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)). "
9.	Narcotics (Narcotic Analgesics)IBA 01/01/1983 - "Severe, persistent abdominal and back pain requiring narcotics is significantly relieved in approximately 80 percent of patients receiving a pancreatic drainage operation. " 05/01/2001 - "Back pain developed 3 years after the original bypass and was not relieved with narcotics and muscle relaxants. " 05/01/2009 - "Be wary of narcotics to treat back pain." 01/01/2009 - "His only complaint was back pain requiring narcotic analgesics. " 01/01/1999 - "Six weeks after surgery 5 (19.2%) patients who received only narcotics were troubled by persistent back pain. "
10.	duloxetine (Cymbalta)FDA Link 01/01/2007 - "[Treatment of chronic back pain with antidepressant cymbalta: an experimental study]." 06/01/2007 - "Duloxetine significantly improved Visual Analogue Scale scores for back pain and time in pain while awake versus placebo. " 03/01/2005 - "Reductions in overall pain, back pain, and pain while awake were also significantly greater for duloxetine than placebo. " 04/01/2009 - "Overall pain and back pain also improved in patients receiving duloxetine. " 01/01/2005 - "Compared to placebo-treated patients, duloxetine-treated patients experienced greater improvement (P<.05) in the HAMD17 total score at Week 2. The individual symptoms showing the most rapid improvements (Week 1) were depressed mood, guilt, suicidal ideation, work/activities, and psychic anxiety as well as VAS back pain and shoulder pain. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vertebroplasty 06/01/2013 - "The back pain improved dramatically, and the patient was discharged two days after the vertebroplasty. " 01/01/2005 - "In well-selected patients, vertebroplasty offers rapid relief of axial back pain and the potential for improved function." 06/01/2005 - "Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a safe and effective procedure in relieving debilitating backache and can be used to treat vertebral lesions in selected cases." 06/01/2012 - "It was found that there was an immediate and sustainable improvement in the level of back pain and HRQoL after vertebroplasty, which was independent of the time from fracture. " 11/01/2015 - "Thoracolumbar fascia injury associated with residual back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty: a compelling study."
2.	Injections 10/01/2015 - "Targeted spinal steroid injections are effective in reducing back pain in selected patient populations and carry a small risk of significant adverse neurological outcomes. " 12/01/2010 - "Although steroid injections are generally considered effective and safe in the treatment of painful condition of limbs, their use in the treatment of chronic back pain is still controversial and serious complications have been reported. " 10/01/2014 - "Epidural steroid injections are an accepted procedure for the conservative management of chronic backache caused by lumbar disc pathology. " 04/01/2007 - "When performing epidural steroid injections for the management of chronic back pain, imaging guidance and a limited epidurogram improve accuracy of needle placement and ensure appropriate delivery of the injectate into the epidural space. " 07/01/2005 - "A sacroiliac fusion was undertaken due to chronic back pain that was temporarily relieved with percutaneous injections to the joint space and lower lumber facets. "
3.	Laminectomy 04/01/2007 - "A clinical feasibility study showed that patients with severe back pain and lower extremity weakness treated with the peridural formulation, applied over their nerve roots following laminectomy or laminotomy, experienced significantly reduced symptoms when compared with surgery-only controls. " 12/01/2014 - "Laminectomy resulted in better outcome in terms of JOA Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire. " 03/01/1988 - "This study compared the abilities of the MMPI and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), using discriminant analyses, to predict outcome after lumbar laminectomy for chronic back pain. " 01/01/2015 - "Although not well known, post-laminectomy syndrome (PLS) is an important cause of chronic back pain, which may lead to decreased quality of life, disability and psychological disorders. " 03/01/2013 - "A 12-year-old girl with NF-1 who had undergone extensive lumbar laminectomies in an outside facility presented to our emergency department complaining of back pain and lower limbs upper motor neuron symptoms. "
4.	Massage (Reflexology) 12/01/2008 - "Number of days with back pain in the past four weeks were lower after lessons (compared with control median 21 days: 24 lessons -18, six lessons -10, massage -7) and quality of life improved significantly. " 01/01/2008 - "Number of days with back pain in the past four weeks was lower after lessons (compared with control median 21 days: 24 lessons -18, six lessons -10, massage -7) and quality of life improved significantly. " 03/01/1999 - "Only the massage therapy group, however, reported reduced anxiety, improved mood, better sleep and less back pain by the last day of the study. " 06/03/2003 - "Initial studies have found massage to be effective for persistent back pain. " 03/01/2012 - "Reflexology can be effective in reducing the severity of chronic back pain, i.e. "
5.	Traction 10/01/2003 - "The efficacy of traction for back pain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials." 12/16/1995 - "Previous trials to assess the efficacy of lumbar traction for back pain have been methodologically flawed. " 02/01/1995 - "The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the literature to assess the efficacy of traction for patients with neck or back pain. " 06/01/1996 - "Seven of 11 patients treated with intermittent traction 1-2 times weekly improved walking tolerance and reported less back pain. " 03/01/1995 - "The efficacy of traction for lumbar back pain: design of a randomized clinical trial."