Babesiosis (Piroplasmosis)

A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including ZOONOSES in humans. They are caused by protozoa of the genus BABESIA, which parasitize erythrocytes, producing hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism's natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick IXODES SCAPULARIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 470 relevant articles (37 outcomes, 50 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Anaplasmosis
2.	Ehrlichiosis
3.	Infection
4.	Malaria
5.	Lyme Disease (Disease, Lyme)

Experts

1.	Igarashi, Ikuo: 20 articles (09/2014 - 09/2002)
2.	Xuan, Xuenan: 12 articles (11/2015 - 09/2002)
3.	Yokoyama, Naoaki: 12 articles (08/2014 - 09/2002)
4.	Krause, Peter J: 9 articles (10/2015 - 01/2003)
5.	Terkawi, Mohamad Alaa: 7 articles (08/2014 - 10/2007)
6.	Nishikawa, Yoshifumi: 7 articles (08/2014 - 10/2007)
7.	Fujisaki, Kozo: 6 articles (06/2011 - 09/2002)
8.	Lobetti, R G: 6 articles (12/2006 - 03/2000)
9.	Cao, Shinuo: 5 articles (11/2015 - 06/2011)
10.	Telford, Sam R: 5 articles (02/2008 - 04/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Babesiosis:

1.	Atovaquone (Mepron)FDA Link 10/01/1995 - "With its remarkable safety record, atovaquone offers promise for clinical trials in babesiosis of both humans and lower animals." 04/01/1997 - "This study demonstrates the activity of the hydroxynaphthoquinone (HNQ), atovaquone, against Babesia divergens, the cause of a rare but lethal form of human babesiosis. " 08/01/1999 - "The hydroxynaphthoquinone, atovaquone (Wellvone, Glaxo-Wellcome Ltd.) was found to have significant activity against Babesia microti, the main cause of human babesiosis in the U.S.A. " 08/01/1996 - "Atovaquone should be considered in the therapeutic regimen of patients with babesiosis who have either failed standard therapy or have become intolerant to such therapy." 10/01/1995 - "Atovaquone was evaluated for the prevention and treatment of babesiosis in hamsters. "
2.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1993 - "The activity of azithromycin was investigated for treatment of babesiosis in the hamster model. " 06/08/2012 - "Combination therapy with atovaquone and azithromycin appears to be effective for acute and chronic babesiosis caused by B. " 01/01/2003 - "Recently, azithromycin (500-600 mg on day 1, and 250-600 mg on subsequent days) and atovaquone (750 mg every 12 h) was found to be equally effective in treating adults experiencing babesiosis. " 08/01/1996 - "Therefore, using the hamster model, we determined the efficacy of atovaquone alone as well as atovaquone plus azithromycin for the treatment of experimental babesiosis. " 02/01/2010 - "microti may become resistant to azithromycin-atovaquone during the treatment of babesiosis with this combined drug regimen in highly immunocompromised patients. "
3.	ImidocarbIBA 07/21/1973 - "Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi): therapeutic trials of imidocarb dihydrochloride in horses and donkeys." 01/01/2015 - "After the administration of imidocarb, each tested lymphocyte fraction in the blood of the dogs with babesiosis increased, but did not reach physiological values. " 01/01/2008 - "Most effective drug in therapy of dog piroplasmosis is imidocarb, but sometimes can be observed side effects after it application. " 10/26/1991 - "Ovine and caprine babesiosis in Iran: treatment with imidocarb." 09/20/1980 - "Imidocarb had the further advantage of controlling concurrent babesiosis. "
4.	diminazene aceturateIBA 08/01/2008 - "The efficacy of diminazene diaceturate was demonstrated to be 80% while diminazene aceturate was found to have 90% efficacy against babesiosis." 08/01/2008 - "Comparative efficacy of diminazene diaceturate and diminazene aceturate for the treatment of babesiosis in horses." 04/01/1990 - "Administration of an anti-protozoal drug, diminazene diaceturate, resulted in a decrease of the erythrophagocytic activity of BM-macrophages associated with an increase of the hematocrit value in splenectomized dogs with chronic babesiosis. " 10/01/1966 - "[Azidin in piroplasmosis and francaillosis in cattle]." 04/01/1966 - "[The chemopreventive properties of berenil and azidine in bovine babesiasis]."
5.	VaccinesIBA 05/01/2007 - "In recent years, the Bovine Babesiosis Laboratory at the National Center for Disciplinary Research in Veterinary Parasitology-INIFAP in Morelos State, Mexico has been directing efforts towards three main research areas: (1) The development of in vitro culture-derived, improved and safer live vaccines. " 01/01/2015 - "Gathered data may be useful for the future development of improved vaccines and vaccination strategies to control babesiosis." 05/01/2007 - "The severe negative impact that bovine babesiosis has in the Mexican cattle industry has not been ameliorated basically due to the lack of safe and effective commercially available vaccines and sensitive and reliable diagnostic tests. " 11/01/2011 - "[Comparative safety study of two commercialised vaccines against canine babesiosis induced by Babesia canis]." 03/01/1999 - "Vaccines against bovine babesiosis--longest field trial?"
6.	imidocarb dipropionateIBA 01/01/2003 - "The efficacy of treatment was marked in dogs simultaneously treated twice with imidocarb dipropionate: among the 14 dogs in which a fast recovery was noted, 11 (80%) were concurrently affected by babesiosis and consequently treated with the specific medicament leading to excellent outcomes. " 02/18/2013 - "All control dogs developed clinical signs of babesiosis and were rescue-treated with imidocarb dipropionate. " 01/01/2012 - "Imidocarb dipropionate (IMD) is a chemotherapeutic agent prescribed for the treatment and control of babesiosis; it is known to be a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor. " 09/08/2011 - "Babesiosis caused by large Babesia spp. is commonly treated with imidocarb dipropionate with good clinical response while small Babesia spp. are more resistant to anti-babesial therapy. " 10/01/1996 - "Imidocarb dipropionate, formulated as Imizol, is used for the treatment and prophylaxis of bovine babesiosis. "
7.	Doxycycline (Vibramycin)FDA LinkGeneric 11/15/1996 - "Prophylactic treatment of experimental canine babesiosis (Babesia canis) with doxycycline." 09/01/2014 - "Imidocarb dipropionate and doxycycline were found to be effective for treatment of babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, respectively. " 05/01/1996 - "Babesiosis was controlled with a maintenance regimen consisting of clindamycin, doxycycline, and high-dose azithromycin, but the infection was not eradicated. " 01/01/2010 - "Concomitant use of intramuscular diminazene diaceturate may not improve the efficacy of a doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole combination in management of canine babesiosis caused by B. " 01/01/2010 - "Use of a doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole combination with/without diminazene diaceturate to treat naturally occurring canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni."
8.	AntigensIBA 08/06/2014 - "This is the first report in which a novel vaccine candidate was constructed based on a rationally designed multi-antigen and evaluated in a prime-boost regime, optimizing the immune response necessary for protection against bovine babesiosis." 11/01/2001 - "Our objective, therefore, was to determine the efficacy of and develop interpretive criteria for an immunoblot antibody test for diagnosing acute human babesiosis using a Babesia microti whole-cell lysate as the antigen. " 09/01/2012 - "Additional studies of these recombinant antigens and of the multiplex bead assay using blood samples from clinically defined babesiosis patients and from blood donors are needed to more clearly define their usefulness as a blood screening assay." 08/01/1991 - "Studies on the use of gerbil-derived Babesia divergens antigen for diagnosis of bovine babesiosis." 10/01/1967 - "A study of some of the physical, chemical, and serologic properties of antigens from sera of horses, dogs, and rats with acute babesiosis."
9.	AntibodiesIBA 06/01/2009 - "The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina and the prevalence of antibodies to them and identify possible risk factors for bovine babesiosis in white-tailed deer in 3 northeastern states of México. " 12/01/2013 - "Tests for piroplasmosis detected antibodies against T. " 09/01/2013 - "The overall seroprevalence of equine piroplasmosis was 50.2%, antibodies to B. " 06/01/2012 - "bovis-specific antibodies and its suitability for standardization and large-scale production, as well as the possibility of its application in most veterinary diagnostic laboratories, make the assay a powerful tool for the surveillance of herd immunity as a strategic measure for the control of bovine babesiosis." 06/01/2011 - "In addition, analysis of the sera involved in the first case of human babesiosis in Japan (Kobe type) showed that specific antibodies were detectable in the patient and the positive donor by ELISA using rBmSA1, and the ICT result was identical to the ELISA data. "
10.	Clindamycin (Cleocin)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2003 - "This report examines the effectiveness of clindamycin for the treatment of babesiosis in dogs (n=10) experimentally infected with Babesia gibsoni (B. " 02/01/2007 - "This combination is an alternative to clindamycin and quinine for the treatment of children with babesiosis." 01/01/2003 - "The currently recommended therapy for babesiosis is a 7-10-day course of clindamycin (600 mg every 6 h) and quinine (650 mg every 8 h). " 08/01/2002 - "However, the treatment of babesiosis using a clindamycin-quinine combination has been successful. " 05/01/2001 - "The increases in the clindamycin-treated group were more prominent than those in the group treated with diminazene diaceturate, suggesting the effectiveness of clindamycin therapy for murine babesiosis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/1983 - "Of the 9 animals which had relapses after treatment only 1 developed severe babesiosis following homologous challenge." 12/01/2007 - "Remission of cunical signs of adult-onset generalized demodicosis after treatment for concurrent babesiosis and/or granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs." 10/01/2014 - "PON1, HDL and C-reactive protein (CRP), were measured in blood collected from 15 controls and 29 dogs with babesiosis sampled at admission, and on days 1 and 7 after treatment. " 06/01/1996 - "Changes in haematocrit after treatment of uncomplicated canine babesiosis: a comparison between diminazene and trypan blue, and an evaluation of the influence of parasitaemia."
2.	Erythrocyte Transfusion 02/01/2009 - "To establish the efficacy of Oxyglobin (HB-200) in canine babesiosis and compare it to standard therapy, packed red blood cell transfusion (pRBCT) with respect to improvements in specific parameters of blood gas, acid-base, blood pressure, and subjective evaluations. " 02/01/2009 - "A prospective, randomized comparison of Oxyglobin (HB-200) and packed red blood cell transfusion for canine babesiosis."
3.	Injections 01/01/2010 - "Efficacy of oral administration of a doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole combination with and without injections of diminazene diaceturate in the management of naturally occurring canine babesiosis caused by B. "
4.	Oral Administration 01/01/2010 - "Efficacy of oral administration of a doxycycline-enrofloxacin-metronidazole combination with and without injections of diminazene diaceturate in the management of naturally occurring canine babesiosis caused by B. "
5.	Immunotherapy 02/01/2016 - "The results of this study suggest that ovipain-2 constitutes a potential target for immunotherapies and drug development against ovine babesiosis. "