Azathioprine (Imuran)

An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 4423 relevant articles (590 outcomes, 468 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Sandborn, William J: 19 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Rutgeerts, Paul: 15 articles (08/2015 - 02/2002)
3.	Gisbert, Javier P: 15 articles (05/2015 - 06/2003)
4.	Schwab, Matthias: 11 articles (04/2013 - 08/2002)
5.	Sandborn, W J: 11 articles (10/2007 - 07/2000)
6.	Reinisch, Walter: 10 articles (05/2015 - 10/2005)
7.	Pagnoux, Christian: 10 articles (01/2015 - 09/2003)
8.	Cosnes, Jacques: 10 articles (11/2013 - 01/2002)
9.	Gearry, Richard B: 10 articles (06/2011 - 08/2004)
10.	Neurath, Markus F: 9 articles (12/2015 - 04/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Crohn Disease (Crohn's Disease) 04/01/2007 - "Most patients with Crohn's disease in longstanding remission had low self-reported adherence to azathioprine. " 01/01/2009 - "Azathioprine withdrawal in patients with Crohn's disease maintained on prolonged remission: a high risk of relapse." 10/01/2013 - "In a study of adults with Crohn's disease, early azathioprine therapy was no more effective than placebo to achieve sustained corticosteroid-free remission but was more effective in preventing moderate to severe relapse in a post hoc analysis. " 01/17/2000 - "Azathioprine/6MP (AZA/6MP) is effective in long-term treatment (> 3 months) of Crohn's disease and superior to other established medical treatments. " 04/01/1997 - "Medical treatment (corticosteriod therapy, with or without azathioprine) was usually effective initially for treatment of symptomatic colonic Crohn's disease, but sustained remission was rare. "
2.	Ulcerative Colitis 01/01/2002 - "The beneficial effect of azathioprine on maintenance of remission in severe ulcerative colitis." 07/04/1992 - "Azathioprine maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis is beneficial for at least two years if patients have achieved remission while taking the drug. " 01/01/2012 - "Azathioprine therapy appears to be more effective than placebo for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. " 05/22/2004 - "To know whether the therapeutic protocol applied in the case of severe acute ulcerative colitis (UC) associating ciclosporine and azathioprine was also effective in the case of moderate chronic active ulcerative colitis (UC). " 10/01/2002 - "Azathioprine is effective in patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis. "
3.	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) 06/01/2013 - "Azathioprine is the most common drug used to maintain clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease. " 01/01/2016 - "Azathioprine [AZA] is recommended for maintenance of steroid-free remission in inflammatory bowel disease IBD. " 01/01/2014 - "Azathioprine (AZA) is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. " 03/01/2011 - "Azathioprine is effective in corticosteroid-dependent Asian inflammatory bowel disease patients." 01/01/2011 - "The immunosuppressant azathioprine (AZA) is widely used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for both inducing and maintaining remission. "
4.	Autoimmune Hepatitis 10/01/2012 - "Azathioprine (AZA) is used to maintain remission in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), but up to 18% of patients are unresponsive. " 10/01/2012 - "Clinical significance of azathioprine metabolites for the maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis." 10/01/2007 - "Re: Azathioprine monotherapy for maintenance of remission in pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis." 09/01/2006 - "Azathioprine monotherapy for maintenance of remission in pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis." 02/01/2006 - "In > 80% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, steroid therapy alone or in combination with azathioprine results in disease remission. "
5.	Vasculitis (Vasculitides) 09/01/2001 - "Azathioprine may have induced the remission of vasculitis in one case." 01/01/2012 - "Maintenance therapy was continued with azathioprine and the patient currently remains without evidence of active vasculitis. " 07/01/1996 - "We review the literature concerning adverse reactions to azathioprine and the problems of making the diagnosis as well as highlighting azathioprine as a novel cause of leucocytoclastic vasculitis." 07/01/1996 - "He developed histologically proven cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis following the re-introduction of azathioprine. " 12/01/1984 - "After immunosuppressive (azathioprine) therapy was discontinued, pulmonary, bowel, and cutaneous vasculitis promptly appeared and the diagnosis of WG was finally made. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	6-Mercaptopurine (Mercaptopurine)
2.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
4.	Prednisone (Sone)
5.	Methotrexate (Mexate)
6.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)
7.	Prednisolone (Predate)
8.	Steroids
9.	infliximab (Remicade)
10.	mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Plasmapheresis
2.	Remission Induction
3.	Kidney Transplantation
4.	Plasma Exchange
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)