Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

Also Known As:

Networked: 51179 relevant articles (3993 outcomes, 8786 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rhinitis
2.	Inflammation
3.	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
4.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
5.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)

Experts

1.	Barnes, Peter J: 130 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Park, Choon-Sik: 124 articles (07/2015 - 06/2003)
3.	Weiss, Scott T: 123 articles (12/2015 - 03/2002)
4.	Szefler, Stanley J: 109 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Busse, William W: 97 articles (12/2015 - 04/2002)
6.	Postma, Dirkje S: 96 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Boulet, Louis-Philippe: 91 articles (01/2016 - 08/2002)
8.	Park, Hae-Sim: 90 articles (03/2015 - 05/2002)
9.	O'Byrne, Paul M: 88 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
10.	Holgate, Stephen T: 82 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Asthma:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 08/01/2003 - "The significant findings of 17 selected, controlled clinical trials of oral corticosteroids (OCSs) for acute exacerbations of asthma in children, compared with placebo or with other formulations of corticosteroids, can be summarized as follows: 1) OCSs are effective for the outpatient treatment of acute asthma, 2) pulmonary function tests may not be the best means of assessing the efficacy of OCSs for acute asthma, 3) early administration of OCSs for acute asthma reduces hospitalizations, 4) the critical factor for a positive outcome is early administration of the corticosteroid, and 5) OCSs are preferred for the outpatient treatment of acute asthma. " 10/01/1998 - "This study aimed to determine whether the changes in practice in the management of asthma since the early 1980s have improved standards (as assessed by higher actual/best function) and reduced the need for oral corticosteroids. " 11/01/2015 - "Combined inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists treatments are most effective for preventing exacerbations among paediatric asthma patients. " 09/12/2015 - "Current therapies based on inhaled corticosteroids and longacting β2 agonists are effective in controlling asthma in most, but not all patients, with a few patients falling into the severe asthma category. " 01/01/2015 - "A previous history of asthma, smoking, and not fully reversible airflow limitation are considered the main characteristics of ACOS, with the most accepted first-line treatment being long-acting β2-agonist/inhaled corticosteroids."
2.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2003 - "Clinically important (> or = 0.5 unit) improvement in Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire overall at week 18 was demonstrated by 55% and 43% of patients in the 400/200-microg and 200/200-microg budesonide Turbuhaler groups, respectively. " 12/01/2001 - "In both randomized studies, budesonide inhalation suspension demonstrated statistically significant improvement in nighttime and daytime asthma symptom scores compared with placebo. " 02/01/2000 - "This study demonstrates that when patients with moderate asthma had reached a stable clinical condition with a high dose of budesonide, a low dose of budesonide (200 microg/d) is as effective as the standard dose (800 microg/d) in the control of symptoms and lung function over a period of several months. " 07/01/2014 - "The baseline characteristics of the budesonide group (n=33) and placebo group (n=33) were similar, but at 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour PEFR, respiratory rate, pulse rate, SaO2 and asthma score were significantly improved in the budesonide group compared to placebo group (p<0.01). " 01/01/2014 - "These findings show that Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V and Lactobacillus rhamnosus NutRes1 have strong anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to budesonide and therefore may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic asthma."
3.	Albuterol (Salbutamol)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2013 - "This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a high-dose continuous nebulized albuterol (CNA) protocol for treatment of asthma in the pediatric emergency department (ED). " 05/01/2014 - "Significant reduction in asthma symptom days, nighttime awakenings, days with activity limitation, and albuterol use were observed. " 10/01/2005 - "Morning PEF, asthma symptoms, and rescue albuterol use improved significantly (p < or = 0.001) in all treatment groups, but improvements were comparable across the treatment groups. " 11/01/2004 - "After the first dose, levalbuterol 1.25 mg produced a significantly greater increase in the mean peak change in FEV1 compared with both doses of racemic albuterol (p < 0.03) in all patients and in those with more severe asthma. " 09/01/2003 - "Secondary efficacy variables, including morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates, albuterol use, percentage of asthma symptom-free days, and physician-evaluated response to therapy were also significantly improved at endpoint in the MF-DPI group compared with both the placebo and BUD-DPI groups (p < 0.05). "
4.	omalizumab (Xolair)FDA Link 09/01/2014 - "In these studies, omalizumab reduced exacerbations, asthma symptoms, inhaled corticosteroid and rescue medication use, and improved quality of life relative to placebo or best standard of care. " 11/01/2005 - "Responder analysis shows that omalizumab provides the greatest benefit in patients with more severe asthma, and this has been confirmed by recent studies establishing the efficacy of omalizumab in patients whose asthma is poorly controlled despite receiving the best standard care in medication. " 03/01/2015 - "Omalizumab improved most clinical parameters of Mexican patients with difficult-to-control asthma. " 04/01/2011 - "Omalizumab has been shown to be highly effective in treating children and adults with moderate to severe allergic asthma. " 11/01/2007 - "Omalizumab is not cost-effective for most patients with severe asthma. "
5.	montelukast (Singulair)FDA Link 11/01/2006 - "Following treatment with 10mg montelukast 86.5% (n=4547) of patients reported a strong or marked improvement in day-time asthma symptoms and 88.5% (n=4367) reported improvement in night-time symptoms. " 01/01/2001 - "Montelukast, a new leukotriene modifier, has several benefits in the treatment of asthma in adults and children including improved relief of asthma symptoms, rapid onset, a safety profile comparable with placebo, and oral, once-daily dosing means excellent adherence." 11/01/2010 - "Add-on montelukast demonstrated significant improvement in asthma symptoms over 12 months in all patients in the study. " 03/01/2010 - "This open-label, multicenter observational study shows significant improvement in six QoL parameters evaluated by the physicians and in 13 out of 15 QoL categories judged by the patients 3-5 months after adding montelukast to the ongoing asthma treatment in patients with mild or moderate persistent asthma. " 04/01/2008 - "By the end of the study, which consisted of montelukast treatment, a significant improvement over baseline was noted in asthma symptoms and severity, as well as in treatment compliance. "
6.	fluticasone (Cutivate)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2009 - "Fluticasone propionate is a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory activity that has been used effectively in the treatment of chronic asthma. " 05/01/1996 - "Fluticasone propionate is a potent inhaled corticosteroid that is effective in improving pulmonary function and symptoms in patients with asthma. " 07/01/2013 - "None of the studies reported any significant reduction in growth when inhaled fluticasone propionate was used for the treatment of asthma, but the baseline growth and final adult height attained were not assessed. " 04/01/1997 - "The probability of patients remaining in the study over time without developing signs of exacerbating asthma was significantly greater in the fluticasone propionate groups than in the placebo group (P = .001). " 07/01/2002 - "Fluticasone-treated patients had significantly greater increases in the mean percentages of symptom-free days (22% vs. 8%, P <0.001), rescue-free days (23% vs. 10%, P = 0.002), nights with uninterrupted sleep (<1% vs. -5%, P = 0.006), and fewer asthma exacerbations (1% vs. 6%, P = 0.005). "
7.	salmeterol (Serevent)FDA Link 06/01/1998 - "Salmeterol xinafoate is a long-acting, highly selective, beta2-adrenergic agonist that produces bronchodilation and clinically significant improvement in pulmonary function for up to 12 hours in patients with asthma. " 02/01/2000 - "Combination treatment with salmeterol 50 microg and FP 250 microg given twice daily from the Diskus device provided better asthma control and greater improvement in pulmonary function than did the individual agents, and may simplify the management of asthma in patients who need both classes of drugs for optimal control of their disease." 07/01/1998 - "Salmeterol is a potent long acting beta-agonist that is effective in relieving the symptoms and airflow limitation of asthma. " 03/01/2000 - "Results of this study indicate that salmeterol, administered either as a powder 50 microg twice daily via Diskus or as an aerosol 42 microg twice daily via MDI, produces clinically significant and comparable improvement in pulmonary function and is well tolerated in patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma." 02/01/2000 - "Patients in the combination-product group had a significantly greater probability of remaining in the study without being withdrawn because of worsening asthma than did patients in the placebo, salmeterol, or FP groups (p </= 0.002). "
8.	formoterol (Oxis)FDA Link 07/01/2006 - "Significant clinical data support the use of formoterol in combination with ICSs for the treatment of asthma, with studies demonstrating improved pulmonary function and symptom scores and decreased need for maintenance ICSs and short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists (SABAs) as relief medication. " 10/01/1990 - "We conclude that formoterol in a dose of 12 micrograms via MDI confers good protection against nocturnal asthma; this was only insufficient for some patients with severe asthma, and further studies with higher dosages in these patients are clearly indicated." 10/01/2004 - "Asthma-related QOL (total score) was significantly improved with formoterol treatment compared with placebo (P < 0.015). " 05/01/2002 - "Formoterol treatment resulted in significantly greater and earlier improvements compared with the other two groups in several criteria: PEF variability (17.9 +/- 2.5; 21.9 +/- 3.2; 23.7 +/- 3.3; P < 0.001); asthma symptom score (daytime) (1.6 +/- 0.5; 1 +/- 0.5; 2.0 +/- 0,5; P < 0.05); asthma symptom score (night-time) (1.2 +/- 0.4; 2.2 +/- 0.5; 16 +/- 0.6; P < 0001); and supplement alter butalin use (1.2 +/- 0.3; 1.8 +/- 0.5; 1.7 +/- 0.5; P < 0.05). " 05/01/1991 - "This suggests that formoterol may prove to be a very useful bronchodilator for the treatment of patients with asthma who have significant airway hyperresponsiveness or nocturnal symptoms and who require inhaled beta 2-agonists at least twice daily."
9.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 03/01/1999 - "This study suggests that (1) the percentage of CD4+, CD8+, or IL-2R+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood was significantly elevated during acute attacks and returned to normal ranges after complete remission was achieved; (2) plasma soluble IL-2R is a sensitive marker for asthma activity; and (3) atopic asthmatic children seem to have a hereditary predisposition of having higher levels of soluble IL-2R in asthma attacks, coinherited with the trait of IgE." 09/01/2015 - "This paper describes a patient with severe asthma and IBS where the administration of an anti-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody not only improved her asthma but also resulted in an almost complete resolution of her IBS symptoms. " 01/01/2012 - "Blood immunoglobulin E levels were significantly increased in the asthma group, and blood eosinophils were significantly elevated in the complete asthma remission, symptomatic remission and asthma groups compared with controls. " 12/01/2006 - "Skin tests are considered the gold standard for detecting allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the clinical setting and are an important tool for diagnosing and managing allergic asthma. " 07/01/2000 - "I have three objectives: (1) review T cell differentiation leading to the Th1/Th2 paradigm; (2) evaluate the increased prevalence of atopy, including asthma, as a consequence of a Th2-dominated immune system; (3) relate the high prevalence of asthma in inner city United States black children to the relatively recent migration of their ancestors from tropical regions of Africa, where genetically biased Th2-dependent IgE responses may be important in protection against high burdens of parasitic worms."
10.	Theophylline (Theon)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1985 - "Behavioral interventions that were most effective in achieving compliance were parental encouragement and increasing parental supervision of medication (compliance, asthma, theophylline, behavioral intervention)." 03/01/1979 - "A prolonged therapeutic effect following a single oral dose of theophylline and maintenance of an adequate therapeutic blood level of theophylline is an important factor in the management of chronic bronchial asthma. " 09/01/1978 - "Toxicity was not evident when dosage was adjusted to avoid Tc exceeding 20 microgram/ml. S-R theophylline therapy, with the use of formulations of acceptable bioavailability, provides excellent control of chronic childhood asthma, offers the advantage of extended dosing intervals, and encourages improved patient cooperation in drug compliance." 03/01/2006 - "Theophylline significantly improved the clinical symptom scores (P<0.05) and decreased the asthma attacks. " 08/01/1998 - "Asthma symptom score was significantly improved after theophylline treatment in both groups. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 05/01/2004 - "Several studies recommend an optimal duration of specific immunotherapy for allergic asthma of between 3 and 5 years to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy. " 01/01/2003 - "Allergen-specific immunotherapy has proven to be clinically effective in the treatment of patients with atopic asthma; however, the mechanisms are still unclear. " 01/30/1997 - "Partial or complete remission of asthma occurred in 31 percent of the immunotherapy group and in 28 percent of the placebo group (P>0.5). " 09/01/2011 - "Nonetheless, there are good quality studies for both subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) where asthma symptoms were evaluated, and showing positive results. " 08/01/2006 - "Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with high-dose mite extracts in asthma: a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study in Taiwan."
2.	Nebulizers and Vaporizers (Inhaler) 10/01/2014 - "Most studies demonstrated improvement in clinical and humanistic markers, for example, asthma symptoms medication use (decrease in reliever medication use or decrease in the need for rescue oral steroid), inhaler use technique and spacer use competency, lung function and quality of life. " 01/01/1997 - "This study helped to identify which selected inhaler characteristics are most important to patients with asthma. " 01/01/2011 - "the safe use of LABAs, which are clearly effective in many patients with moderate to severe asthma, requires high compliance with ICS therapy, which is best assured if ICS and LABA are provided in a single inhaler." 10/01/2004 - "These highly effective anti-asthma medications are readily available, and so in the future improvement in asthma therapy will most Likely derive from improvements in inhaler technology. " 10/28/2015 - "The use of BDP/F-pMDI HFA was effective in the long-term control of asthma, and one of the important factors improving treatment outcomes is the training of patients in the correct inhaler technique."
3.	Metered Dose Inhalers (Metered Dose Inhaler) 05/01/2005 - "The use of inhaled beta2-agonists delivered by a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a holding chamber (spacer) actually is considered the best treatment for childhood acute asthma. " 01/01/2012 - "However, with the advent of the spacer, the medication can be delivered via a metered dose inhaler (MDI+S) with the same efficacy for mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbations. " 05/01/2011 - "Efficacy of metered-dose inhalers for children with acute asthma exacerbations." 01/01/2011 - "Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are an affective modality of treatment for fast relief from asthma flare-ups and other symptoms, and are often used by asthmatic athletes. " 09/01/2009 - "Improved asthma control with breath-actuated pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI): the SYSTER survey."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2013 - "Current pharmacotherapy is highly effective in the clinical management of the majority of patients with stable asthma, however severe asthma remains inadequately treated. " 01/01/2008 - "The intervention group showed a significant greater improvement in the score for assessing the inhalation technique (p<0.001), patient's knowledge about asthma (p<0.001), and its drug-therapy (p=0.01) compared with control. " 09/01/2007 - "Three years of SLIT as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy resulted in reduction of both the duration and dose of ICSs and successful discontinuation of ICSs along with improvement in lung functions in HDM-allergic children with asthma." 10/01/2001 - "The recent advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of asthma have led to a significant improvement of drug therapy for asthma. " 06/01/1999 - "No child was classified as having persistent asthma while on chemotherapy and there was a significant reduction in the requirement for preventive asthma drugs 12% versus 0% (P = 0.03) being reported during chemotherapy. "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 08/01/2013 - "The level of asthma control as evaluated by ACT improved significantly after treatment (p < .05). " 02/01/2012 - "The level of asthma control as evaluated by ACT was significantly improved after treatment (+12% p = 0.001 at 4 months, +24% p < 0.0001 at 4 years). " 07/01/2003 - "Symptoms and respiratory function significantly improved after treatment and 1 month later; 8 children had intermittent asthma and 10 had mild asthma. " 06/01/2003 - "We observed significant improvement of right ventricular diastolic filling parameters by Doppler echocardiography after treatment in children with asthma." 01/01/2014 - "In the present study, in the murine model of asthma, the airway hyperresponsiveness was relieved after treatment with AST, accompanied by a reduction of inflammatory cells. "