Asthenopia (Eyestrain)

Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches.

Also Known As:

Networked: 108 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Foreign Bodies (Foreign Body)
3.	Fatigue
4.	Diplopia (Double Vision)
5.	Headache (Headaches)

Experts

1.	Abdi, Saber: 3 articles (06/2010 - 09/2005)
2.	Tsubota, Kazuo: 2 articles (04/2015 - 03/2015)
3.	Li, Ying: 2 articles (01/2015 - 06/2011)
4.	Eklund, J: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2012)
5.	Hemphälä, H: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2012)
6.	Rydberg, Agneta: 2 articles (04/2008 - 09/2005)
7.	Yao, Z: 2 articles (05/2001 - 02/2001)
8.	Xie, L: 2 articles (05/2001 - 02/2001)
9.	Wu, G: 2 articles (05/2001 - 02/2001)
10.	Suzuki, A: 1 article (05/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Asthenopia:

1.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2015 - "The CFF, NPA, contrast visual acuity, functional visual acuity, keratoconjunctival epithelial damage, and fluorescein tear film break-up time were examined, and 18 subjective symptoms of eye fatigue were evaluated by questionnaire. " 04/01/2015 - "Symptoms including asthenopia, dry-eye sensation, ocular pain, and dull sensation, as well as fluorescein and rose bengal scores and TBUT, partly improved. "
2.	ORALIT (ORS)IBA 06/18/2011 - "The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that bad living environment conditions, improper computer use and bad health status were significantly associated with increased risk of visual fatigue, the ORs (95% CI) were 1.185 (1.078, 1.302), 1.490 (1.355, 1.640) and 1.323 (1.182, 1.481), respectively; good sleep and mental status, good psycho-social state, and good factors of habits and diets might be protective against visual fatigue, the ORs (95% CI) were 0.691 (0.628, 0.760), 0.793 (0.720, 0.873) and 0.649 (0.587, 0.717), respectively. " 04/01/2008 - "However, joint exposure to both PS + high ozone, relative to FG + low ozone, had significant associations with lower and upper respiratory, cough, eye, fatigue, and headache BRS (ORs ranged from 2.26 to 5.90). "
3.	Rose BengalIBA 04/01/2015 - "Symptoms including asthenopia, dry-eye sensation, ocular pain, and dull sensation, as well as fluorescein and rose bengal scores and TBUT, partly improved. "
4.	Pyridostigmine Bromide (Pyridostigmine)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2000 - "The therapeutic administration of pyridostigmine improved static measurements of accommodation and vergence and reduced asthenopia. "
5.	crocetinIBA 01/01/2012 - "Oral crocetin improved eyestrain in humans. "
6.	LuteinIBA 12/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil, bilberry extract, and lutein on subjective symptoms of asthenopia in humans by a double- blind, randomized, parallel-group, and placebo-controlled trial. " 12/01/2011 - "Effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil, bilberry extract, and lutein on subjective symptoms of asthenopia in humans." 11/01/2009 - "The effect of lutein supplementation on visual fatigue: a psychophysiological analysis." 12/01/2011 - "These results suggest that dietary supplementation with the combination of omega-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil, bilberry extract, and lutein may safely improve subjective symptoms of asthenopia and mental fatigue in humans." 11/01/2009 - "We used psychophysiological technology to examine the effect of an oral supplement, a combination of lutein, zeaxanthin and blackcurrant extract (LUT), on visual fatigue, within the context of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. "
7.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 03/01/1964 - "[RESULTS OF A CLINICAL STUDY OF ASTHENOPIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS RELATION TO RETINAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE]." 03/10/2014 - "High GR could reflect stray light on the retinal image, which will reduce vision clarity and hasten the feeling of eye fatigue. " 02/01/1955 - "[Retinal asthenopia as manifestation of circulatory disorder]." 01/01/1977 - "Diplopia and asthenopia following retinal surgery are rare, despite relatively frequent muscular imbalance, because of: (a) suppresion (which war frequently found even in orthophorics with good postoperative vision in both eyes); (b) compensation owing to fusional power, and (c) probable role of the sensory factor for the compensation of the subjective experience of cyclotropia. "
8.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)IBA 05/01/1957 - "[Chinortho eyedrops in the therapy of certain cases of convergent strabismus and asthenopia]." 12/01/2010 - "To study the clinical efficacy and safety of the Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops used in the patients of ametropic asthenopia. " 12/01/2010 - "[The clinical efficacy and safety study of Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops in treating ametropic asthenopia]." 12/01/2010 - "The experiment was conducted asthenopia patients who used the Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops for 4 weeks continuously. " 12/01/2010 - "Esculin and Digitalis glycosides Eye Drops is effective and safety for use in the patients of ametropia asthenopia."
9.	prosultiamineIBA 02/01/1965 - "[Studies on a massive dosage of alinamin F on asthenopia]." 11/01/1963 - "[INTRAVENOUS INJECTION TESTS OF ALINAMIN F IN ACCOMMODATIVE ASTHENOPIA]."
10.	TaurineFDA Link 02/01/2004 - "In order to evaluate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on visual fatigue induced by visual display terminals (VDT) work, 25 male college students aged from 20 to 24 years who were not engaged in VDT work were selected to participate in the study. " 02/01/2004 - "The results suggest that taurine supplementation alleviates visual fatigue induced by VDT work."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Eyeglasses (Spectacles) 01/01/2014 - "Those who needed new spectacles showed a higher prevalence of eyestrain and musculoskeletal discomfort pre-intervention. " 01/01/2014 - "Evaluate intervention effects on eyestrain and musculoskeletal discomfort with new spectacles for postal workers. " 01/01/2014 - "Optimal correction in spectacles: intervention effects on eyestrain and musculoskeletal discomfort among postal workers." 01/01/2012 - "The second intervention involved new personal spectacles for the postal workers who needed them and this had a positive effect on eyestrain. " 01/01/2010 - "The main ocular complaints were spectacles loss and discomfort (412, 33.9%), blurred near vision (399, 32.8%) and asthenopia (255, 20.9%). "
2.	Contact Lenses 11/01/2013 - "Visual fatigue was relieved when there was a larger difference in the brightness of the monitor and the surfaces surrounding the monitor and tended to be more severe when glasses rather than contact lenses were worn. " 11/01/1985 - "Soft bifocal contact lenses for patients with nearpoint asthenopia." 07/01/2002 - "From these results, it is concluded that gazing at stereoscopic images on the parallax barrier system 3-D display causes severer eyestrain in cases of correction with contact lenses and in uncorrected cases than in cases with spectacles." 11/01/2005 - "The patient was unable to tolerate spectacles and contact lenses because of asthenopia and high astigmatism, respectively. "
3.	Hydrophilic Contact Lenses (Hydrophilic Contact Lens) 04/01/2008 - "Application of "adequate correction" to young VDT workers with asthenopia by using adequately corrected spectacles or soft contact lenses improved the asthenopia and accommodative dynamics." 07/01/2007 - "To assess the reliability of self-reported symptoms of asthenopia associated with VDT use (as characterized by general visual symptoms, headache and specific ocular symptoms) for both continuing soft contact lens (SCL) wearers and former SCL wearers who had undergone successful laser-in-situ-keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2010 - "The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the subjective degree of asthenopia before and after treatment. " 08/01/2008 - "After treatment, sensation of dryness and foreign body sensation in the eye, asthenopia and gross symptoms significantly improved (P<0.01) in the two groups, and the observation group in the improvement of the sensation of dryness and foreign body sensation in the eye and the gross symptoms was better than the control group (P<0.05); tears secretion test significantly improved and was better in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05); lacrimal membrane breaking time and corneal fluorescent staining were improved in the two groups (P<0.05), and the improvement of lacrimal membrane breaking time in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group (P<0.05). "
5.	Reflexotherapy 07/01/1984 - "[Efficacy of using electropuncture reflexotherapy in the treatment of visual fatigue on the job]."