Arteriovenous Fistula

An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3282 relevant articles (95 outcomes, 208 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pathologic Constriction (Stenosis)
2.	Fistula
3.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
4.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)
5.	False Aneurysm (Pseudoaneurysm)

Experts

1.	Jennings, William C: 16 articles (10/2014 - 12/2005)
2.	Roy-Chaudhury, Prabir: 15 articles (08/2015 - 03/2007)
3.	Asif, Arif: 15 articles (07/2015 - 11/2004)
4.	Allon, Michael: 14 articles (07/2015 - 10/2002)
5.	Tordoir, J H M: 12 articles (07/2013 - 02/2002)
6.	Wasse, Haimanot: 10 articles (04/2014 - 02/2007)
7.	Yevzlin, Alexander S: 9 articles (07/2015 - 11/2006)
8.	Pisoni, Ronald L: 9 articles (06/2015 - 01/2002)
9.	Malovrh, Marko: 9 articles (01/2015 - 07/2003)
10.	Lee, Timmy: 8 articles (11/2015 - 06/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Arteriovenous Fistula:

1.	OxygenIBA 04/01/2015 - "Oxygen saturation improved from 71% ± 10% preoperatively to 84% ± 4% early (P < .05) and 81% ± 4% long term after the arteriovenous fistula (P < .05). " 12/01/2009 - "Surgical resection of the pulmonary arteriovenous fistula led to improved oxygen saturation and discontinuation of home oxygen." 11/01/1994 - "Clinical signs of an arteriovenous fistula with no improvement in oxygen saturation were noticed immediately after surgery. " 01/01/2015 - "High renal regional oxygen saturation in femoral arteriovenous fistula after neonatal cardiac surgery." 07/01/2010 - "An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with left-to-right shunt increases mixed venous oxygen content and cardiac output; therefore, this might improve arterial oxygen delivery. "
2.	Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)FDA Link 09/01/2005 - "The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term patency of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bypass with adjunctive arteriovenous fistula and venous interposition (AVF/VI) for infrapopliteal revascularization. " 03/01/1999 - "Prospective randomised trial of distal arteriovenous fistula as an adjunct to femoro-infrapopliteal PTFE bypass." 07/01/2006 - "In such cases alternative conduits have been proposed including lesser saphenous vein, arm vein, composite veins, composite vein with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and PTFE with or without a distal arteriovenous fistula. " 01/01/2005 - "Use of short PTFE segments (<6 cm) compares favorably with pure autologous repair in failing or thrombosed native arteriovenous fistulas." 09/01/2003 - "Six patients received PTFE prosthetic implants in both arms and the other three patients underwent both native arteriovenous fistulas and PTFE prosthetic implants in the arm before the thigh was used. "
3.	glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate (Vessel)IBA 05/01/1993 - "Suitable to study the whole renal artery and vein, CEDU also allows the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrarenal vasculature and therefore the easy diagnosis of such vessel dysfunctions as arteriovenous fistulas following biopsy. " 11/10/2015 - "The autogenous arteriovenous fistula surgery failure highly correlated with the patient's age, blood pressure, the primary disease and the vessel diameter. " 08/01/2015 - "This technique, so called because its first phase is performed with occlusion of the vessel suspected of being pathologic, is used for the diagnosis of spinal arteriovenous fistula (sDAVF). " 01/01/2015 - "The frequency of the trampoline effect, for example, is lower when a buttonhole tract is created by multiple punctures of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) vessel than when it is done by one-time puncture of the vessel. " 01/01/2015 - "Reconstruction using temporary arteriovenous fistulas is a reliable technique that can be used in the vessel-depleted neck, with excellent outcomes in experienced hands. "
4.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)IBA 01/01/2010 - "High hemoglobin concentrations were associated with best outcome, and levels less than 170 g/L were associated with a high risk of death despite a functioning arteriovenous fistula (P < .01). " 08/01/2013 - "There were no differences in the prevalence of arteriovenous fistulas or grafts or hemoglobin levels across distance categories. " 09/01/2012 - "Mean dialysis adequacy (Kt/V), hemoglobin and albumin levels, percentage of patients using preferred vascular access (arteriovenous fistula or graft), and mortality at each quarter. " 05/01/2012 - "Reaching target hemoglobin level and having a functioning arteriovenous fistula significantly improve one year survival in twice weekly hemodialysis." 09/01/2010 - "Guidelines examined were (1) use of arteriovenous fistula or graft at initiation; (2) hemoglobin > or = 11 g/dl; and (3) albumin at goal. "
5.	Pancreatic Elastase (Elastase)IBA 08/01/2014 - "This study explored the safety and efficacy of recombinant type I pancreatic elastase (PRT-201) topically applied once to the external surface of an arteriovenous fistula. " 04/01/2013 - "A multi-center, dose-escalation study of human type I pancreatic elastase (PRT-201) administered after arteriovenous fistula creation." 08/01/2014 - "Human type I pancreatic elastase treatment of arteriovenous fistulas in patients with chronic kidney disease." 11/01/2010 - "Creation of large elastase-induced aneurysms: presurgical arterial remodeling using arteriovenous fistulas."
6.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "A side-to-side femoral arteriovenous fistula was established in each rabbit and then animals were treated with Aspirin or Tongmai oral liquid for 2 weeks. " 09/01/2008 - "The relationship between aspirin use and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) survival has been lacking. " 09/01/2008 - "Consistent aspirin use associated with improved arteriovenous fistula survival among incident hemodialysis patients in the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study." 04/01/2003 - "She was then subjected to surgery to recreate a new arteriovenous fistula for dialysis 1 day after discontinuing LMWH and aspirin. " 12/01/1981 - "The successful establishment of arteriovenous fistulas in nonuremic patients has been achieved by giving aspirin and low dose heparin therapy, which appears to be an integral step in maintaining patency."
7.	EnalaprilFDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1994 - "To evaluate the efficacy of enalapril in preventing cardiac myocyte remodelling in rats with arteriovenous fistulas. " 05/01/1994 - "Enalapril prevents the structural remodelling of cardiac myocytes in this model of volume overload induced by an arteriovenous fistula." 05/01/1994 - "[Enalapril prevents myocardial remodeling in rats with arteriovenous fistula]." 01/01/2010 - "Patients without infection or antiinflammatory drugs were randomly allocated to a study (n = 13, enalapril, 20 mg/day) or control (n = 12, placebo) group; all had arteriovenous fistula. "
8.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 05/31/2008 - "The cardiac index of rats with chronic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was significantly higher (36.65+/-2.28 ml/min per 100 g; (mean+/-S.E.M.; n=24) in comparison to sham-operated rats (20.04+/-0.86 ml/min per 100 g; mean+/-S.E.M.; n=8). " 05/04/2004 - "Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was created in C57BL/J6 mice, and CIMP was administered to AVF and sham mice by protein transfer into peritoneal cavity by minipump for 4 weeks. " 11/01/2002 - "Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a sham-operated group, an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) group, or a model group (eight rats each). " 02/01/1996 - "During maximal dilatation, the stress-strain curve in sham arterioles of arteriovenous fistula rats was shifted to the right of the curve in control rats, which indicates that arteriovenous fistulae increase passive distensibility of cerebral arterioles. " 02/01/1996 - "In contrast, systolic and mean pressures in sham arterioles were not significantly different and diastolic pressure was significantly less in arteriovenous fistula rats (systolic pressure, 69 +/- 1 versus 67 +/- 4 mm Hg; mean pressure, 52 +/- 2 versus 57 +/- 3 mm Hg; diastolic pressure, 43 +/- 2 versus 53 +/- 3 mm Hg). "
9.	Indocyanine Green (Cardio-Green)FDA LinkGeneric 04/15/2010 - "To evaluate efficacy of microsurgical hemilaminectomy approach and use of intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography for patients with intradural dorsal arteriovenous fistula. " 08/01/2015 - "We report a case of FAS due to an angiographically occult arteriovenous fistula (AVF) that was diagnosed by an open surgical biopsy and intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. " 01/01/2015 - "Effectiveness of intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography in direct surgical treatment of pediatric intracranial pial arteriovenous fistula." 11/15/2012 - "We present 2 cases of spinal arteriovenous fistulas of the filum terminale directly fed by the anterior spinal artery that were successfully obliterated with intraoperative image guidance such as digital subtraction angiography, intra-arterial dye injection technique, or indocyanine green video angiography. " 04/01/2011 - "Effectiveness of intraoperative near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography in a case with recurrent spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula."
10.	ReninIBA 12/01/2009 - "Renal angiography demonstrated multiple renal arteriovenous fistula and increased blood renin concentration in the left renal vein. " 07/01/1981 - "Factors determining electrolyte excretion and renin secretion after closure of an arteriovenous fistula in the dog." 12/01/2009 - "Thus, left renal arteriovenous fistula and renin induced secondary hypertension were diagnosed. " 05/01/1984 - "We report the first case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula in which renin-mediated arterial hypertension was the only clinical manifestation." 05/01/1984 - "Renin-mediated arterial hypertension in a case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 09/01/2005 - "The construction of an autogenous radial-cephalic direct wrist arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) is the primary and best option for vascular access for hemodialysis. " 11/01/2012 - "Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are considered the gold standard for hemodialysis vascular access based on their superior patency, low complication rates, improved adequacy, lower costs to the health care system, and decreased risk of patient mortality. " 09/01/2002 - "Based on this short-term study, arteriovenous fistulas appear to be a safe and effective means for hemodialysis access in dogs. " 03/01/2007 - "Far-infrared therapy: a novel treatment to improve access blood flow and unassisted patency of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients." 07/01/2015 - "Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the gold standard vascular access for hemodialysis (HD). "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 12/01/2013 - "Of 216 participants analyzed, including 97 with arteriovenous grafts (AVG) (49 FIR-radiated participants and 48 control participants) and 119 with arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) (69 FIR-radiated participants and 50 control participants), the FIR-radiated therapy compared with free-radiated usual therapy significantly enhanced PTA-unassisted patency at 1 year in the AVG subgroup (16.3% vs. 2.1%; p < .01), but not the AVF subgroup (25.0% vs. 18.4%; p = .50), and this accounted for the overall improved patency rates (21.4% vs. 10.3%; p = .02). " 02/06/2015 - "This study sought to determine whether more frequent face-to-face provider (physician and advanced practitioner) visits lead to more procedures and therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving arteriovenous fistulas and grafts, improved vascular access outcomes, and fewer related hospitalizations. " 07/01/2015 - "Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are associated with improved long-term outcomes but longer maturation times and higher primary failure rates compared with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). " 06/01/2011 - "Occlusion of arteriovenous fistulas with an AVP-4 seems to be effective and safe in patients with in-situ saphenous vein bypass grafts. " 11/01/1986 - "This study should be completed by improvement in the vascularization of the graft by a splenic arteriovenous fistula and a concomitant study of the endocrine function of the transplanted pancreas in dogs with experimentally-induced diabetes."
3.	Catheters 11/01/2008 - "Despite of guidelines statements which consider native arteriovenous fistula (nAVF) the gold standard, epidemiological studies still show a decline in their prevalence with an increase of central venous catheters (CVC). " 11/10/2015 - "For this study, VA included both arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and temporary central venous catheter (CVC). " 10/01/2015 - "Aim of the present study was to review our experience of vascular access in Haemodialysis patients (both central venous catheters and arteriovenous fistula) and to assess its success rate and common complications. " 09/01/2015 - "The study population included 30 patients with tunneled permanent catheter (TPC), 30 patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and 30 healthy controls. " 03/01/2014 - "This study was conducted to compare catheter function, dialysis adequacy, and dialysis-related complications among patients receiving long-term dialysis via Palindrome catheter, Permcath catheter, and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as vascular access. "
4.	Stents 11/01/1995 - "Puncture of stents implanted into veins and arteriovenous fistulas: an experimental study." 07/01/2015 - "A focal uptake on the left forearm compatible with the arteriovenous fistula stent insertion site was shown, and the stent was removed. " 07/01/2015 - "Infectious complications of haemodialysis in patients with arteriovenous fistula stent are rare. " 01/01/2015 - "How is arteriovenous fistula longevity best prolonged?: The role of endovascular stents." 04/01/2014 - "Of our 42 male patients, 11 had stent salvage of an arteriovenous fistula, which yielded postintervention primary and secondary 6-month patencies of 27% and 55%, respectively. "
5.	Ligation 01/01/2013 - "The natural history of arteriovenous fistula is benign and is thought to resolve spontaneously; therefore, a conservative approach, as opposed to surgical ligation, is recommended as the first-line treatment." 11/01/1950 - "Arteriovenous aneurysm of the brain cured by ligation of the left middle cerebral artery: report of a case." 05/01/2014 - "In vitro hemodynamic model of the arm arteriovenous circulation to study hemodynamics of native arteriovenous fistula and the distal revascularization and interval ligation procedure." 05/01/2011 - "A prospective, controlled study wherein rats were subjected to bilateral carotid artery ligature (BCL), or BCL + arteriovenous fistula, or BCL + drug application. " 10/01/2014 - "This case illustrates the successful ligation of a nondependent left arteriovenous fistula and stenting of the right subclavian vein with functioning ipsilateral arteriovenous fistula, to overcome the problem of symptomatic bilateral upper limb swelling. "