Arecoline (Arecolin)

An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.

Also Known As:

Networked: 254 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 21 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Tsai, Chung-Hung: 9 articles (10/2015 - 07/2002)
2.	Chang, Yu-Chao: 9 articles (10/2015 - 02/2002)
3.	Ko, Ying-Chin: 8 articles (06/2015 - 02/2006)
4.	Chou, Ming-Yung: 6 articles (07/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Lee, Shiuan-Shinn: 5 articles (10/2015 - 05/2011)
6.	Tsai, Ming-Hsui: 5 articles (06/2015 - 01/2010)
7.	Subhash, M N: 5 articles (12/2009 - 02/2008)
8.	Chiang, Shang-Lun: 4 articles (06/2015 - 10/2008)
9.	Chatterji, Urmi: 4 articles (01/2015 - 04/2007)
10.	Shieh, Tien-Yu: 4 articles (07/2012 - 10/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 09/01/1996 - "To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenously administered arecoline in subjects with Alzheimer's disease. " 11/01/1997 - "Arecoline via miniosmotic pump improves AF64A-impaired radial maze performance in rats: a possible model of Alzheimer's disease." 09/01/1996 - "Because optimal dose variation is due to differing plasma kinetics, the plasma arecoline level measured at a single infusion rate can be used to choose the optimal dose for memory enhancement in patients with Alzheimer's disease." 09/01/1996 - "Clinical pharmacokinetics of arecoline in subjects with Alzheimer's disease." 01/01/1993 - "Memory improvement without toxicity during chronic, low dose intravenous arecoline in Alzheimer's disease."
2.	Mouth Neoplasms (Oral Cancer) 09/01/2014 - "Furthermore, the normal buccal mucosa fibroblast was challenged by arecoline, the major areca nut alkaloid, to assess the relationship between the levels of CAIX and areca nut chewing in oral cancer patients. " 01/01/2012 - "A good number of scientific publications have made Arecoline responsible for oral cancer. " 01/01/2010 - "However, few reports exist as to the effects of arecoline in human tissues other than oral cancer cell lines. " 04/01/2013 - "Statistical and clinical reports indicate that betel nut chewing is strongly associated with progression of oral cancer because some ingredients in betel nuts are potential cancer promoters, especially arecoline. " 07/30/2008 - "Finally, we showed that p53 mRNA transcripts were frequently down-regulated in BQ-associated oral cancer, suggesting that arecoline-mediated p53 inhibition might play a role in BQ-associated tumorigenesis."
3.	Tremor (Tremors) 01/01/1989 - "Arecoline improved performance at one dose only (0.1 mg/kg) which also induced marked adverse side-effects (salivation and tremor). " 01/01/2011 - "Mg deficiency antagonized 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head-twitch response and arecoline-induced tremor. " 07/01/2008 - "The time between arecoline injection and time of onset of the tremor in the controls and Mg-deficient rats were 92.75 +/- 19.35 and 245.17 +/- 121.86 seconds respectively (p < or = 0.035). " 07/01/2008 - "Arecoline-induced tremor was comparably less expressed in Mg-deficient rats than in controls. " 05/01/2008 - "Both types of blocker weakened arecoline tremor, though the dose-response relationships were different for mono-and dications. "
4.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 04/01/1985 - "Five groups of subjects underwent EEG sleep recordings, arecoline rapid eye movement (REM) induction response testing, and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) interview. " 10/30/2009 - "Arecoline, a partial muscarinic agonist, has been hypothesized to have beneficial effects on both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. " 04/01/2012 - "We reviewed the clinical literature data since 1980 via a PubMed search for the terms: arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, guvacoline, betel, Areca catechu, positive and negative symptoms, cognitive symptoms, psychosis and schizophrenia in combination. " 01/01/2000 - "To determine whether the use of cholinergic agents (arecoline, choline, deanol, lecithin, meclofenoxate, physostigmine, RS 86) were associated with clinical improvement in neuroleptic-induced TD in people with schizophrenia or other chronic mental illnesses. " 01/01/2002 - "To determine the effects of cholinergic drugs (arecoline, choline, deanol, lecithin, meclofenoxate, physostigmine, RS 86, tacrine, metoxytacrine, galantamine, ipidacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, eptastigmine, metrifonate, xanomeline, cevimeline) for treating neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia in people with schizophrenia or other chronic mental illness. "
5.	Insulin Resistance 05/01/2014 - "To explore the effects of arecoline on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats and to elucidate its possible mechanism. " 05/01/2014 - "[The role of arecoline on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats]." 12/01/2011 - "In conclusion, betel nut extract and arecoline have diabetogenic potential on adipocytes that may result in insulin resistance and diabetes at least in part via the obstruction of insulin signaling and the blockage of lipid storage." 06/15/2010 - "Arecoline-induced fat cell dysfunction may lead to hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia/insulin-resistance. " 05/01/2014 - "Arecoline improved hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats by increasing the mRNA levels of CAR and PXR leading to the creased glucose metabolism and inflammation related genes expression."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Physostigmine
2.	2- ethyl- 8- methyl- 2,8- diazaspiro(4,5)decane- 1,3- dione (RS 86)
3.	Cholinergic Agents (Cholinergics)
4.	Lecithins
5.	Deanol (Dimethylethanolamine)
6.	Choline (Choline Chloride)
7.	Meclofenoxate (Centrophenoxine)
8.	Muscarinic Agonists
9.	Nicotine
10.	Cholinergic Agonists

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions
2.	Anesthesia
3.	Injections
4.	Subcutaneous Injections
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)