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Apyrase (ATP Diphosphatase)

A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.

Also Known As:

ATP Diphosphatase; ADP Phosphohydrolase; ATP Diphosphohydrolase; ATP-ADPase; ATP ADPase; Diphosphatase, Adenosine; Diphosphohydrolase, ATP; Phosphohydrolase, ADP; ADPase; ATP-Diphosphatase; Adenosine Diphosphatase

Networked: 164 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 15 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Enzymes and Coenzymes
- Enzymes: 34502
  - Hydrolases: 639
    - Acid Anhydride Hydrolases
      - Apyrase: 164
        CD39 antigen: 35
        Arabidopsis APY1 protein
        Arabidopsis APY2 protein
        Dolichos biflorus apyrase-2
        Dolichos biflorus LNP protein
        human ENTPD7 protein
        S cerevisiae Ynd1 protein

Experts

1.	Robson, Simon C: 9 articles (01/2015 - 03/2004)
2.	Chen, Ridong: 5 articles (02/2015 - 07/2008)
3.	Battastini, Ana Maria O: 4 articles (06/2012 - 10/2004)
4.	Eltzschig, Holger K: 4 articles (04/2010 - 09/2007)
5.	Vasconcelos, E G: 4 articles (04/2010 - 09/2006)
6.	Broekman, M Johan: 3 articles (08/2014 - 01/2005)
7.	Marcus, Aaron J: 3 articles (08/2014 - 01/2005)
8.	Zanin, Rafael F: 3 articles (01/2013 - 09/2005)
9.	Braganhol, Elizandra: 3 articles (01/2013 - 08/2009)
10.	Lenz, Guido: 3 articles (01/2013 - 01/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 02/01/1993 - "Optimal staining of endothelial cells involved in tumor angiogenesis was observed by using ADPase activity and antiangiotensin-converting enzyme antibody staining. " 01/01/2015 - "However, zVAD-fmk did not further reduce tumor growth in MyD88 KO mice, mice treated with apyrase or RAG KO mice. " 08/01/1995 - "Here we show that platelet aggregation induced by MCF-7 cells is mediated, in part, through an ADP-dependent mechanism based on inhibition of aggregation by pretreatment of the tumor cells with apyrase and the identification of ADP in tumor cell-free supernatants by HPLC. " 03/01/1995 - "MCF-7 tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) was almost blocked by apyrase (0.5 U/ml) and completely inhibited by hirudin (5 U/ml). " 12/01/1991 - "Apyrase, an ADP scavenger, effectively inhibited platelet aggregation by metastatic cells, however, there was no significant increase in ADP secretion or relation to the ability of the tumor cells to activate platelets. "
2.	Glioma (Gliomas) 01/01/2006 - "In vivo glioblastoma growth is reduced by apyrase activity in a rat glioma model." 08/01/2009 - "We have previously shown that the co-injection of apyrase with gliomas decreases glioma progression. " 01/01/2006 - "Reduction of proliferation induced by apyrase co-injection was confirmed by counting the percentage of Ki67 positive glioma cell nuclei. " 01/01/2006 - "To deplete the extracellular ATP, the enzyme apyrase was tested on the treatment of gliomas implanted in the rats CNS. " 01/01/2006 - "According to the pathological analysis, the malignant gliomas induced by C6 injection and co-injected with apyrase presented a significant reduction in the mitotic index and other histological characteristics that indicate a less invasive/proliferative tumor. "
3.	Inflammation 07/01/2014 - "In this study, we investigated the expression and distribution of CD39 in the lungs of mice, as well as the effects of apyrase on airway inflammation and the chemotactic migration of dendritic cells (DCs). " 07/01/2014 - " data demonstrate that a reduction in CD39 expression may be associated with the development of allergic airway inflammation and that apyrase alleviates airway inflammation by decreasing the chemotactic migration of DCs towards eATP. " 07/01/2014 - "Apyrase protects against allergic airway inflammation by decreasing the chemotactic migration of dendritic cells in mice." 01/01/2014 - "Apyrase could be used as topical inflammatory regulators to quell the injury caused by inflammation. " 07/01/2014 - "Treatment with apyrase markedly attenuated OVA-induced airway inflammation, including peribronchial eosinophilic inflammation and reduced the number of inflammatory cells, as well as the levels of cytokines in BALF. "
4.	Infection 05/01/1986 - "This study has examined the changes in ADPase positive cell populations of the conjunctival limbal epithelium and corneal epithelium of naturally resistant mice (Swiss-Webster and CD2F1) following corneal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at two different ages, young adult (8 week old) and aged (24 month old). " 08/01/2001 - "In vitro, Ad-CD39 infection resulted in a greater than 40-fold increase in adenosine diphosphatase activity in ECs and a 3-fold increase in SMCs. " 05/01/1986 - "The morphology, distribution and quantitation of dendritic (Langerhans) cells (LC) was determined by analysis of ADPase stained epithelial flat mounts from 6-8 week young adult (resistant) and 24 month old (susceptible) aged mice before and after experimental infection with P. " 05/01/1951 - "With multiple bacteriophage infection, the apyrase activity of the intact cells increased several fold, and the activity of extracts increased about 30 per cent. " 04/01/2011 - "Altogether, our study indicates that the catalytic activity of the GS52 apyrase, likely acting on extracellular nucleotides, is critical for rhizobial infection and nodulation."
5.	Myocardial Ischemia (Ischemic Heart Diseases) 10/16/2007 - "Taken together, these studies reveal E-NTPDase 1 in cardioprotection and suggest apyrase in the treatment of myocardial ischemia." 10/16/2007 - "Heightened levels of injury after myocardial ischemia and negligible preconditioning benefits in cd39-/- mice were corrected by infusion of the metabolic product (AMP) or apyrase. " 05/01/1993 - "This study supports the hypothesis that, besides nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, ADPase activity may represent another PMN-mediated pathway capable of regulating platelet activity in areas of reduced blood flow, such as those found in conditions of myocardial ischemia."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Carbon Monoxide
2.	Apyrase (ATP Diphosphatase)
3.	Nucleotides
4.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
5.	Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
6.	5'-Nucleotidase (5' Nucleotidase)
7.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)
8.	Enzymes
9.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
10.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Lung Transplantation
3.	Stents
4.	Isogeneic Transplantation
5.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)