Feeding and Eating Disorders (Eating Disorder)

A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.

Also Known As:

Eating Disorder; Eating Disorders; Eating and Feeding Disorders; Feeding Disorders; Appetite Disorder; Disorder, Eating; Disorder, Feeding; Disorders, Eating; Disorders, Feeding; Feeding Disorder; Appetite Disorders

Networked: 3467 relevant articles (172 outcomes, 580 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 24177
- Feeding and Eating Disorders: 3467

Related Diseases

1.	Obesity
2.	Bulimia Nervosa
3.	Bulimia (Binge Eating)
4.	Binge-Eating Disorder (Binge Eating Disorder)
5.	Feeding and Eating Disorders (Eating Disorder)

Experts

1.	Treasure, Janet: 40 articles (04/2022 - 10/2002)
2.	Bulik, Cynthia M: 39 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
3.	Kaye, Walter H: 35 articles (06/2022 - 02/2003)
4.	Mitchell, James E: 31 articles (01/2022 - 04/2002)
5.	Ricca, Valdo: 29 articles (03/2022 - 04/2002)
6.	Waller, Glenn: 29 articles (11/2021 - 04/2006)
7.	Crosby, Ross D: 27 articles (05/2022 - 12/2006)
8.	Grilo, Carlos M: 27 articles (02/2022 - 03/2002)
9.	Schmidt, Ulrike: 27 articles (01/2022 - 04/2010)
10.	Monteleone, Palmiero: 22 articles (02/2022 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Feeding and Eating Disorders:

1.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 02/01/1989 - "Drugs interacting with 5-HT systems show promise for treatment of eating disorders." 09/01/2000 - "Several recent studies have pointed to a dysfunction of serotonin transmission in patients with eating disorders. " 03/01/2000 - "The involvement of brain serotonin systems in the pathophysiology of eating disorders has been repeatedly demonstrated in recent studies. " 02/07/2000 - "Previous studies have demonstrated aberrant expression of serotonin in individuals with an eating disorder. " 01/01/1991 - "In this ongoing study, serotonin-mediated physiological responses and whole-blood serotonin content are measured in young women with an eating disorder during the active phase of the illness and at the conclusion of inpatient treatment. "
2.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 06/01/2005 - "Although several antidepressants and mood stabilizers have shown promise for eating disorders, their clinical use when these disorders co-exist with bipolarity is still very much of an art. " 01/01/2010 - "The goal of this study is to determine how a comprehensive approach comprising a combination of a particular psychotherapeutic programme and antidepressant treatment influences the signs and symptoms of eating disorders. " 01/25/2006 - "The aim of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of antidepressant drugs in the treatment of acute AN. The strategy comprised of database searches of the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE (1966 to April 28th, 2005), EMBASE (1980 to week 36, 2004), PsycINFO (1969 to August week 5, 2004), handsearching the International Journal of Eating Disorders and searching the reference lists of all papers selected. " 05/01/2001 - "Control trials show that antidepressants are efficacious in eating disorders. " 11/01/1999 - "The Inventory of Nocturnal Eating, a self-report questionnaire addressing nocturnal eating and sleep disturbance, was administered to out-patients (N = 126) and in-patients (N = 24) with eating disorders, obese subjects (N = 126) in a trial of an anorexic agent, depressed subjects (N = 207) in an antidepressant trial, and an unselected group (N = 217) of college students. "
3.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 07/01/2015 - "This study sought to examine whether the levels of weight preoccupation vary across the menstrual cycle and whether the changes in ovarian hormones and/or other factors (i.e., emotional eating and negative affect) account for menstrual cycle fluctuations in this eating disorder phenotype. " 11/01/2014 - "Correlational studies of adult women and experimental studies of animals provide evidence for the effects of reproductive hormones on eating disorder symptoms. " 11/01/2012 - "Future research, with a focus on translational studies, should continue to explore the role of reproductive hormones in the vulnerability to and maintenance of eating disorders." 11/01/2012 - "Preliminary studies also suggest that hormone augmentation may be a beneficial adjunct to the standard treatment of choice for eating disorders. " 12/01/2023 - "Male eating disorders in midlife-possible links between excessive sports and hormones."
4.	Appetite Depressants (Anorectics)IBA 02/01/1998 - "Therefore, ARL 15849 is a potent, selective, intranasally active anorectic agent which may be useful in the treatment of eating disorders." 03/01/2007 - "Scores on the Eating Attitudes Test-26, Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), BSI Depression subscale, and Mizes Anorectic Cognitions scale significantly improved throughout treatment (all p<0.05); however, body dissatisfaction did not improve. " 09/19/2002 - "In our own studies, healing success was achieved in 54% of the cases; 18% achieved partial remission with remnant symptoms of an unspecific eating disorder, and 28% continued to exhibit anorectic and/or bulimic symptoms. " 10/01/2022 - "Most studies focused on anorectic-type EDs (n.22), while fewer involved bulimic-type EDs (n.9) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (n.2), revealing subtypes-specific patterns of altered cerebellar volume and functionality. " 10/01/2003 - "The study consists in the administration of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2) to 95 outpatient anorectic women (50 restrictive and 45 binge-purging) and to 92 bulimic outpatient women (78 with and 14 without purging behaviours). "
5.	Olanzapine (Zyprexa)FDA Link 11/01/2004 - "Olanzapine administration was associated with a significant reduction in depression, anxiety, and core eating disorder symptoms, and a significant increase in weight. " 03/01/2003 - "Subjects reported a significant reduction in anxiety, difficulty eating, and core eating disorder symptoms after taking olanzapine. " 01/01/2007 - "Case reports and trials identified additional benefits of olanzapine, including reduction in delusional thinking; improvement in body image, sleep, depressive symptoms, adherence to treatment, and eating-disorder symptoms; and decreased agitation and premeal anxiety. " 11/01/2021 - "This is the first case of SW induced by olanzapine in eating disorders to be reported. " 02/01/2019 - "Resurgence of Eating Disorders with Olanzapine."
6.	Topiramate (Topamax)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2003 - "Topiramate was added to other psychotropic medication under open-label conditions up to the maximum tolerated dose or until remission of the eating disorder was achieved. " 01/01/2021 - "Use of Topiramate in the Spectrum of Addictive and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review Comparing Treatment Schemes, Efficacy, and Safety Features." 01/01/2020 - "Topiramate reduces nocturnal eating in sleep-related eating disorder." 11/04/2019 - "Topiramate had therefore a significant effect on eating disorders, with a dose-effect relationship. " 05/01/2015 - "The development or exacerbation of eating disorder symptoms after topiramate initiation."
7.	Fluoxetine (Prozac)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2015 - "Fluoxetine remains the only medication approved for an eating disorder, that being BN. " 04/01/2007 - "Fluoxetine in posttraumatic eating disorder in two-year-old twins." 01/01/2000 - "As a result of insufficiency of serotoninergic system of brain in pathogenesis of such disorders, fluoxetine (prozac)-a selective inhibitor of serotonine reuptake--was used for treatment of eating disorders. " 09/01/1999 - "Fluoxetine and eating disorders." 08/01/1997 - "In some respects, the fluoxetine group did slightly better as demonstrated by the items 'restraint', 'weight concern' and 'shape concern' (p < 0.05 vs p < 0.0001) on the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). "
8.	BESIBA 01/01/1990 - "In this study, 200 women with a mean age of 27.6 years completed the BES, the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Self-Consciousness Scale, the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, a figure rating task, a phototechnical body-size estimation procedure, and items concerning weight satisfaction and attractiveness. " 09/01/2018 - "The Questionnaire of General Data, the Eating Disorders Inventory-3 (EDI-3), the Questionnaire of Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance-3 (SATAQ-3), the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) were administered to 35 female adolescents with AN and 35 HC adolescents. " 08/01/2015 - "A sample of 1008 participants was collected to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and test the BES psychometric properties; 150 participants were further evaluated through the Eating Disorder Examination 16.0D to assess the discriminant validity of the BES. " 09/01/2010 - "Moreover, patients who have disclosed traumatic episodes (11.7%) presented higher distress associated to eating disorder variables, such as BES (p=0.001) and EDI-2 BU scores (p=0.000) and presence of BED (p=0.001), and women are more likely to be in this group (p=0.043). " 09/01/2010 - "A total of 28.8% of the participants reported a BED; those patients do not differ in BMI (p=0.437) from non-BED patients but had higher psychological disorders associated to eating disorder, as for example Bulimic symptoms (p=0.000), higher BES scores (p=0.000) and psychological distress, such as Depression (p=0.000). "
9.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 12/01/2002 - "Recent studies indicate that subclinical eating disorders occur in at least 5% of women and up to 1/3 of females among special populations such as athletes and insulin-dependent diabetics. " 01/01/1996 - "This study examines the prevalence of complications and the usefulness of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) in screening for eating disorders in a group of insulin-dependent diabetic women. " 05/01/2023 - "There was no significant difference in prevalence between males and females for likely eating disorders and insulin misuse. " 05/01/2023 - "High prevalence with no gender difference of likely eating disorders in type 1 mellitus diabetes on insulin pump." 01/01/2022 - "The use of insulin was reported as a protective factor for eating disorders. "
10.	GhrelinIBA 01/01/2018 - "Ghrelin levels were significantly greater in PD and BNp compared to controls, but did not differ significantly between eating disorders. " 01/01/2013 - "Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of ghrelin-related gene variants in the predisposition and pathology of eating disorders." 01/01/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma ghrelin levels and frequency of abnormal eating behaviors, nutritional parameters in eating disorders. " 01/01/2003 - "Previous studies have reported that fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations play an important role in the pathophysiology of eating disorders. " 10/28/2021 - "Involvement of Ghrelin Dynamics in Stress-Induced Eating Disorder: Effects of Sex and Aging."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 10/01/2019 - "Despite the existence of reviews which document the effectiveness of online therapies, there is little consensus regarding the exact components of online treatment delivery that are most effective in maintaining user engagement and reducing eating disorder (ED) symptomology. " 12/01/2018 - "The results of the NMA suggested that individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (specific to eating disorders) was most effective in achieving remission at the end of treatment compared with wait list (OR 3.89, 95% CrI 1.19-14.02), followed by guided cognitive behavioural self-help (OR 3.81, 95% CrI 1.51-10.90). " 06/01/2007 - "Due to the complexity of factors involved in the manifestation of eating disorders, the inclusion of cognitive-behavioural therapy as well as family-oriented therapeutic concepts coupled with medical treatment would appear to offer an intervention inventory, which would be most effective in offering adolescents optimal treatment programmes. " 04/04/2023 - "Compared to high intensity therapies, low intensity psychological interventions were equivalent on reducing eating disorder psychopathology (g = - 0.13), more effective at improving DSM severity specifier-related outcomes (g = - 0.15), but less likely to achieve remission/recovery (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70). " 02/22/2011 - "Using an integrative psychiatric therapy a significant improvement of the eating disorder was achieved. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2020 - "Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most frequent eating disorder, for which current pharmacotherapies show poor response rates and safety concerns, thus highlighting the need for novel treatment options. " 05/01/2006 - "Although these compounds are in early phases of clinical testing for eating disorder treatments, data from these studies will be instructive in the quest for effective pharmacotherapy for these conditions. " 10/01/2005 - "Positron emission tomography studies in eating disorders: multireceptor brain imaging, correlates with behavior and implications for pharmacotherapy." 01/01/2022 - "Many individuals with eating disorders remain symptomatic after a course of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; therefore, the development of innovative treatments is essential. " 02/01/2020 - "There is an increasing volume of research on alternative (non-drug) therapies, particularly for post-traumatic stress and eating disorders, notably in Germany."
3.	Deep Brain Stimulation 01/01/2018 - "These studies have shown promising findings, but further research is needed to elucidate the long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of appetite disorders." 01/01/2021 - "The utility of deep brain stimulation surgery for treating eating disorders: A systematic review." 01/01/2018 - "Deep brain stimulation for appetite disorders: a review." 05/01/2010 - "Deep brain stimulation in the subgenual cingulate cortex for an intractable eating disorder." 11/01/2017 - "Advances in understanding of the neurobiology of eating disorders have led to the development of targeted treatments, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), and neurofeedback. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 12/01/2007 - "We report the medical workup, treatment, and outcomes in a 19-year old female patient who developed Raynaud's phenomenon following the onset of AN. After treatment with nutritional rehabilitation, counseling, and individual and group therapy, the patient's weight, eating disorder-related behaviors, and attitudes improved significantly. " 06/07/2023 - "In particular, the study aimed to present the change in eating disorder symptoms and psychological distress from before to after treatment and at a 6 months follow-up. " 06/30/2022 - "This study aimed to investigate TA ratings measured at interim and after treatment, separately for patients and therapists; the degree of agreement between therapists and patients (treatment completers and noncompleters) for TA ratings; and associations between patient and therapist TA ratings and both eating disorder pathology and treatment completion. " 07/01/2020 - "This study aimed to examine whether therapist written goodbye letters were associated with improvements in body mass index (BMI) and eating disorder symptomology in patients with AN after treatment. " 01/01/2020 - "In a multicenter randomized trial of face-to-face and Internet-based guided self-help CBT, 178 individuals with full syndrome and subsyndromal BED, eating disorder and general psychopathology, and body mass index (BMI) were subjected to Gaussian Graphical Network and Exploratory Graph Analyses before and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up. "
5.	Secondary Prevention 01/01/2016 - "More research should be per- formed with regard to how patients, on improvement from eating disorders, look back on aspects of denial and whether a better understanding of these phenomena is helpful in relapse prevention." 01/01/2014 - "Randomized trial of two e-learning programs for oral health students on secondary prevention of eating disorders." 11/01/2012 - "Although the EAT Framework was developed as part of a larger study on secondary prevention of eating disorders, the procedures and skills presented can be applied to other sensitive oral/systemic health issues. " 11/01/2012 - "The purpose of the current study was to develop and evaluate a framework aimed at oral healthcare providers to engage in active secondary prevention of eating disorders (i.e. " 10/01/2006 - "The purpose of this study was to explore beliefs, attitudes, and experiences of general dentists regarding eating disorder-specific secondary prevention behaviors using focus group methodology. "