Apolipoproteins E (ApoE)

A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.

Also Known As:

Networked: 7767 relevant articles (236 outcomes, 1472 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Havekes, Louis M: 45 articles (11/2015 - 09/2002)
2.	Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: 40 articles (04/2015 - 01/2009)
3.	Holtzman, David M: 35 articles (11/2015 - 04/2002)
4.	Blennow, Kaj: 34 articles (11/2015 - 04/2003)
5.	Scheltens, Philip: 32 articles (09/2015 - 03/2002)
6.	Petersen, Ronald C: 29 articles (12/2015 - 07/2003)
7.	Weber, Christian: 29 articles (10/2015 - 11/2003)
8.	Reiman, Eric M: 29 articles (04/2015 - 06/2002)
9.	Caselli, Richard J: 28 articles (10/2014 - 06/2002)
10.	Vitek, Michael P: 27 articles (07/2014 - 06/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Atherosclerosis 01/01/2006 - "There was an important strain-dependence of the effect, with no protection against atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice." 01/01/2012 - "Uncoupling of eNOS occurs in apoE(-/-) atherosclerosis but does not negate the enzyme's strong protective effects." 08/01/2008 - "TxA(2) receptor antagonism alone also afforded a significant reduction in atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. " 05/01/2000 - "This notion has been further supported by a recent finding that administration of ET receptor antagonists resulted in a significant reduction of atherosclerosis in apoE-KO mice." 05/01/2000 - "We anticipate that pharmacological approaches to increase apoE synthesis and/or secretion by macrophages might be beneficial for the treatment of atherosclerosis."
2.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 07/01/2004 - "Thus, Apoe seems to be important in the degradation and clearance of deposited Abeta species by astrocytes, a process that may be impaired in Alzheimer disease." 06/01/2004 - "Risk and protective effects of the APOE gene towards Alzheimer's disease in the Kungsholmen project: variation by age and sex." 01/01/2005 - "[ApoE genotype and efficacy of neurotrophic and cholinergic therapy in Alzheimer's disease]." 06/01/2015 - "Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that APOE ε2- and ε4-carriers have similar patterns of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) activation suggesting that we need to look beyond the BOLD signal to link APOE's effect on the brain to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-risk. " 01/01/2015 - "The genome-wide association study was performed via a meta-analysis of two non-overlapping discovery sample sets to identify genetic variants other than APOE ε4 predictive of the CSF biomarker level (Aβ1-42, t-Tau, p-Tau181P, t-Tau:Aβ1-42 ratio, and p-Tau181P:Aβ1-42 ratio) in patients enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. "
3.	Atherosclerotic Plaque (Atheroma) 01/01/2015 - "We found that TXL treatment significantly reduced serum lipid levels and atherosclerotic plaque formation of apoE-deficient mice, and improved endothelial cell function as evidenced by increased expression of CD31 and eNOS. " 12/01/2012 - "Mice transplanted with miR-33(-/-)Apoe(-/-) bone marrow showed a significant reduction in lipid content in atherosclerotic plaque compared with mice transplanted with miR-33(+/+)Apoe(-/-) bone marrow, without an elevation of HDL-C. " 06/15/2012 - "A significant reduction in T-lymphocytes and macrophages was noted in the atheromas of the ApoE(-/-)/Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice. " 05/01/2006 - "A significant reduction of the atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic sinus and arch with the decrease in smooth muscle cell-positive area was observed in MMP-2(-/-):apoE(-/-) mice compared with that of MMP-2(+/+):apoE(-/-) mice. " 08/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to characterize effects of low carbohydrate, high protein diet (LCHP) on atherosclerotic plaque development in brachiocephalic artery (BCA) in apoE/LDLR-/- mice and to elucidate mechanisms of proatherogenic effects of LCHP diet. "
4.	Dementia (Dementias) 07/01/2006 - "In this study, we improved the nonisotopic PCR-SSCP method for determining APOE genotypes in 42 cases of AD patients, 40 cases of non-AD dementia patients, and 49 cases of age-matched controls. " 08/01/2012 - "The APOE genotyping may be helpful in diagnosing AD especially in patients presenting with atypical features or early age of onset of dementia." 03/30/2011 - "Addition of APO-E genotype and a number of baseline clinical covariates improved the dementia prediction utility of the latent classes; application of class-specific penalization improved precision while retaining that prediction utility. " 11/15/2015 - "The presence of the APOE*E4 allele predicted future depression in this Swedish population study, even after excluding depressed individuals who later developed dementia, suggesting that the APOE*E4 allele could potentially identify people at high risk for clinically significant depression." 11/15/2015 - "Among subjects without depression at study entry and without dementia or significant cognitive decline during the subsequent 9 years, APOE*E4 was prospectively associated with more severe depressive symptoms (b = 1.56, p = .007), incident minor depression (odds ratio = 1.99 [confidence interval = 1.11-3.55], p = .020), and any depression (odds ratio = 1.75 [confidence interval = 1.01-3.03], p = .048). "
5.	Hyperlipidemias (Hyperlipidemia) 08/01/2013 - "But the ratio of CD206+ M2 macrophages was significantly improved, when compared with the ApoE(-/-) hyperlipidemia group (P < 0.05). " 02/19/2002 - "These results indicate that the apoE peptidomimetic encapsulated in DepoFoam has potential as an alternative therapeutic treatment of hyperlipidemia." 05/01/1995 - "In these studies, we demonstrated the usefulness of STZ-induced diabetes in mice as an animal model for diabetic hyperlipidemia and demonstrated that endogenous induction of apoE in transgenic mice improved diabetic hyperlipidemia." 01/01/2006 - "To study the relationship between the polymorphism of ApoE gene and TCM syndrome type of primary hyperlipemia. " 01/01/2006 - "[Study on the relationship between polymorphism of ApoE gene and TCM syndrome type of primary hyperlipemia]."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Apolipoproteins
2.	Cholesterol
3.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)
4.	Peptides
5.	Amyloid (Amyloid Fibrils)
6.	Apolipoproteins E (ApoE)
7.	Apolipoprotein E4
8.	Antibodies
9.	LDL Receptors (LDL Receptor)
10.	Apolipoprotein A-I (Apolipoprotein A1)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
3.	Transplants (Transplant)
4.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
5.	Intramuscular Injections