Apoenzymes

The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any cofactors (ENZYME COFACTORS) or prosthetic groups required for the enzymatic function.

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Networked: 45 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Shuman, Stewart: 2 articles (11/2008 - 03/2006)
2.	Balk, Lennart: 1 article (12/2016)
3.	Berg, Anna-Lena: 1 article (12/2016)
4.	Börjeson, Hans: 1 article (12/2016)
5.	Collier, Tracy K: 1 article (12/2016)
6.	Gustavsson, Hanna: 1 article (12/2016)
7.	Halldórsson, Halldór P: 1 article (12/2016)
8.	Hansson, Tomas: 1 article (12/2016)
9.	Honeyfield, Dale C: 1 article (12/2016)
10.	Hägerroth, Per-Åke: 1 article (12/2016)

Related Diseases

1.	Anaphylaxis (Anaphylactic Shock) 09/15/2004 - "The results of the present study demonstrate that PEGylation greatly prolongs serum half-life of the rMETase apoenzyme and eliminated anaphylactic reactions. "
2.	Diabetic Neuropathies (Diabetic Neuropathy) 08/15/1993 - "The present study was aimed to determine the vitamin status of vitamins A, E, beta-carotene, B1, B2, B6, B12 and folate in plasma using HPLC and vitamins B1, B2 and B6 in erythrocytes using the apoenzyme stimulation test with the Cobas-Bio analyzer in 29 elderly type II diabetic women with (G1: n = 17, age: 68.6 +/- 3.2 years) and without (G2: n = 12, age: 71.8 +/- 2.7 years) diabetic polyneuropathy. "
3.	Methylmalonic acidemia 02/01/2005 - "Molecular basis of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase apoenzyme defect in 40 European patients affected by mut(o) and mut- forms of methylmalonic acidemia: identification of 29 novel mutations in the MUT gene." 08/01/2001 - "Mutations in the MUT locus encoding for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) apoenzyme are responsible for the mut forms of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). " 03/01/1991 - "Methylmalonic aciduria can be caused by mutations in the gene encoding the methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase apoenzyme (mut) or genes required for the provision of cofactor B12 (cbl). " 06/01/1988 - "Deficiency of this apoenzyme causes the mut form of methylmalonic acidemia, an often fatal disorder of organic acid metabolism. " 04/14/1983 - "Six biochemical and genetic forms of methylmalonic acidemia have been defined previously: two (mut degrees and mut-) resulting from defects in the mutase apoenzyme, and four (cbl A, cbl B, cbl C, and cbl D) resulting from deficient adenosylcobalamin synthesis. "
4.	Thiamine Deficiency 06/01/2012 - "The damage caused by the combination of thiamine deficiency and alcohol metabolism probably interferes with adequate thiamine transport at a number of sites in the body, including the blood-brain barrier, as well as causing damage to the apoenzymes which then require higher concentrations of thiamine to work normally. " 01/01/1981 - "IN the other 13 patients the TPP effect was either normal or low, suggesting a deficiency or an inability to use the transketolase apoenzyme, probably as a result o long-standing thiamine deficiency or the presence of liver disease. " 10/01/1977 - "The low ETKA values in diabetes mellitus seem to be due to a reduced apoenzyme level resulting from the disease itself rather than thiamine deficiency. " 12/13/2016 - "Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiamine-dependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. "
5.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease) 01/01/1981 - "IN the other 13 patients the TPP effect was either normal or low, suggesting a deficiency or an inability to use the transketolase apoenzyme, probably as a result o long-standing thiamine deficiency or the presence of liver disease. " 12/01/1978 - "The apoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum of healthy persons and patients suffering from liver diseases." 03/01/1978 - "It appears, therefore, that variations in the intracellular saturation of apoenzyme with coenzyme cannot account for the observed differences in activation of aspartate aminotransferase by pyridoxal 5-phosphate in sera from patients with myocardial infarction and liver disease. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Vitamins
2.	beta Carotene (Betacarotene)
3.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)
4.	Enzymes
5.	Pyridoxal Phosphate (Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate)
6.	Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase
7.	Coenzymes (Enzyme Cofactors)
8.	Thiamine (Aneurin)
9.	Holoenzymes
10.	Pyridoxine (Pyridoxin)