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Broca Aphasia (Expressive Aphasia)

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An aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive language (speech, writing, signs) and relative preservation of receptive language abilities (i.e., comprehension). This condition is caused by lesions of the motor association cortex in the frontal lobe (Broca's area and adjacent cortical and white matter regions). The deficits range from almost complete muteness to a reduction in the fluency and rate of speech. CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS (in particular INFARCTION, MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY) are a relatively common cause of this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp478-9)

Also Known As:

Expressive Aphasia; Aphasia, Expressive; Motor Aphasia; Aphasia, Broca; Aphasia, Anterior; Aphasia, Ataxic; Aphasia, Frontocortical; Dysphasia, Broca's; Verbal Aphasia Syndrome; Anterior Aphasia; Anterior Aphasias; Aphasia Syndrome, Verbal; Aphasia Syndromes, Verbal; Aphasias, Anterior; Aphasias, Ataxic; Aphasias, Broca; Aphasias, Frontocortical; Ataxic Aphasia; Ataxic Aphasias; Broca Aphasias; Broca Dysphasia; Broca's Dysphasia; Dysphasia, Brocas; Frontocortical Aphasia; Frontocortical Aphasias; Nonfluent Aphasia; Syndrome, Verbal Aphasia; Syndromes, Verbal Aphasia; Verbal Aphasia Syndromes; Agrammatism; Aphasia, Motor; Aphasia, Nonfluent; Dysphasia, Broca

Networked: 84 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Paresis (Hemiparesis)
3.	Hemiplegia (Spastic Hemiplegia)
4.	Apraxias (Dyspraxia)
5.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury)

Experts

1.	Naeser, Margaret A: 3 articles (01/2014 - 03/2010)
2.	Pascual-Leone, Alvaro: 3 articles (01/2014 - 03/2010)
3.	Treglia, Ethan: 3 articles (01/2014 - 03/2010)
4.	Martin, Paula I: 3 articles (01/2014 - 03/2010)
5.	Burchert, Frank: 2 articles (01/2015 - 03/2008)
6.	Stadie, Nicole: 2 articles (01/2015 - 03/2008)
7.	Schröder, Astrid: 2 articles (01/2015 - 03/2008)
8.	Bashir, Shahid: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2012)
9.	Tomaino, Concetta M: 2 articles (04/2012 - 11/2008)
10.	Ho, Michael: 2 articles (01/2012 - 03/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Broca Aphasia:

1.	Bromocriptine (Parlodel)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1995 - "We carried out a double-blind and placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of bromocriptine in the treatment of nonfluent aphasia. " 01/01/2001 - "Because studies have shown some positive effects of the dopaminergic agent bromocriptine for improving verbal production in patients with nonfluent aphasia, we examined its effect in a patient with an atypical form of crossed nonfluent aphasia from a right hemisphere lesion. " 09/01/2000 - "An open-label trial of bromocriptine in nonfluent aphasia: a qualitative analysis of word storage and retrieval." 12/01/1995 - "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of bromocriptine in nonfluent aphasia." 08/01/1992 - "An open-label trial of bromocriptine in nonfluent aphasia."
2.	DNA Transposable Elements (Element, IS)IBA 07/01/1995 - "These steps led to significant improvement in the performance of agrammatic aphasics, a result that is incompatible with the claim that the content of nonlexical elements is lost in agrammatism." 02/01/2003 - "These results contrast with the predictions of the tree-pruning hypothesis, suggesting that the nearer to the end of the clause a functional element is located, the better it is preserved in Korean agrammatism."
3.	SaltsIBA 01/01/2011 - "A case of nonfluent aphasia treated successfully with speech therapy and adjunctive mixed amphetamine salts."
4.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2004 - "While an administration of anti-coagulant, diuretics, and dopamine relieved his respiratory distress and right hemiplegia, severe motor aphasia persisted. "
5.	DiureticsIBA 02/01/2004 - "While an administration of anti-coagulant, diuretics, and dopamine relieved his respiratory distress and right hemiplegia, severe motor aphasia persisted. "
6.	Amphetamine (Amfetamine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "A case of nonfluent aphasia treated successfully with speech therapy and adjunctive mixed amphetamine salts."
7.	TNFR-Fc fusion protein (etanercept)FDA Link 05/01/2014 - "We report that a single dose of perispinal etanercept produced an immediate, profound, and sustained improvement in expressive aphasia, speech apraxia, and left hemiparesis in a patient with chronic, intractable, debilitating neurological dysfunction present for more than 3 years after acute brain injury. "
8.	OPEN protocolIBA 01/01/2014 - "Language improvements after TMS plus modified CILT: Pilot, open-protocol study with two, chronic nonfluent aphasia cases."
9.	Metrizamide FDA Link 03/01/1983 - "Transient motor aphasia following metrizamide myelography." 08/01/1980 - "Two cases of transient motor aphasia after cervical myelography with Metrizamide are described. " 08/01/1980 - "[Motor aphasia after cervical myelography with metrizamide (author's transl)]."
10.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 05/15/2000 - "Simulations are reported of a significant range of psycholinguistic parsing phenomena in both normal and aphasic speakers of English: (i) various effects of linguistic complexity (single versus double, center versus right-hand self-embeddings of relative clauses; the difference between relative clauses with subject and object extraction; the contrast between a complement clause embedded within a relative clause versus a relative clause embedded within a complement clause); (ii) effects of local and global ambiguity, and of word-class and syntactic ambiguity (including recency and length effects); (iii) certain difficulty-of-reanalysis effects (contrasts between local ambiguities that are easy to resolve versus ones that lead to serious garden-path effects); (iv) effects of agrammatism on parsing performance, in particular the performance of various groups of aphasic patients on several sentence types." 02/01/2006 - "In this paper, we investigate the performance of a Greek-English bilingual patient with Broca's aphasia and mild agrammatism on the placement of CP, MoodP, AspectP, and NegP-related adverbs, labeled specifier-type adverbs, and VP-related adverbs, labeled complement-type adverbs, by means of a constituent ordering task and a grammaticality judgment task. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Speech Therapy (Therapy, Speech) 11/01/1989 - "The patient improved slightly during hospitalization and was discharged on the sixth hospital day with a moderate expressive aphasia for which she received intensive speech therapy." 01/01/1963 - "A case of severe developmental motor aphasia with psychotic symptoms successfully treated by speech therapy." 01/01/2012 - "In part 2, we present results from a case study with chronic nonfluent aphasia where TMS treatments were followed immediately by speech therapy (constraint-induced language therapy). " 09/01/2014 - "Using a pre-post design, eleven chronic stroke patients with large left hemisphere lesions and nonfluent aphasia underwent diffusion tensor imaging and language testing before and after receiving 15 weeks of an intensive intonation-based speech therapy. " 03/01/1951 - "Group speech therapy for motor aphasia and dysarthria."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2010 - "Improved language in a chronic nonfluent aphasia patient after treatment with CPAP and TMS." 01/01/2015 - "Unambiguous generalization effects after treatment of noncanonical sentence production in German agrammatism. " 03/01/2008 - "Unambiguous generalization effects after treatment of non-canonical sentence production in German agrammatism."
3.	Music Therapy 04/01/2012 - "In music therapy for nonfluent aphasia patients who have difficulty producing meaningful words, phrases, and sentences, various benefits of singing have been identified: strengthened breathing and vocal ability, improved articulation and prosody of speech, and increased verbal and nonverbal communicative behaviors. " 04/01/2012 - "Effective music therapy techniques in the treatment of nonfluent aphasia." 11/01/2008 - "Protocol evaluation for effective music therapy for persons with nonfluent aphasia."
4.	Language Therapy (Language Training) 10/01/2014 - "Combining dual-hemisphere rTMS with language training might be a feasible treatment for nonfluent aphasia; further multicenter studies are needed to confirm this result." 07/01/2014 - "Constraint-induced language therapy (CILT) has received recent attention as a possible intervention to improve expressive language in people with nonfluent aphasia. " 09/01/1984 - "belongs to Type F 3 who recovered from typical Broca aphasia after language training for four years. " 01/01/2012 - "In part 2, we present results from a case study with chronic nonfluent aphasia where TMS treatments were followed immediately by speech therapy (constraint-induced language therapy). " 11/01/2011 - "The curative effect of simple motor aphasia caused by cerebral infarction treated with blood-pricking at Yamen (GV 15) combined with language training was significantly, superior to that with either blood-pricking therapy or rehabilitation, especially in words information and fluency aspects."
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/1994 - "Rapid resolution following chemotherapy of Broca's dysphasia due to recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma." 01/01/1997 - "After the second course of chemotherapy, partial seizures including transient motor aphasia, tonic finger movement, and loss of consciousness were observed. " 01/01/2012 - "A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with sudden onset of motor aphasia, Gerstmann syndrome, and incomplete right hemiparesis one week after administration of chemotherapy for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. " 11/01/2007 - "Since Albert reported that bromocriptine may improve language deficits in patients with nonfluent aphasia, pharmacotherapy for aphasia is noted. " 06/01/2010 - "An 8-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving chemotherapy, including intrathecal methotrexate, presented to our emergency center with 2 hours of expressive aphasia and flaccid right hemiplegia. "