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Aphasia (Dysphasia)

A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.

Also Known As:

Dysphasia; Alogia; Logamnesia; Acquired Aphasia; Syntactical Aphasia; Anepia; Aphasia, Ageusic; Aphasia, Auditory Discriminatory; Aphasia, Commisural; Aphasia, Functional; Aphasia, Global; Aphasia, Graphomotor; Aphasia, Intellectual; Aphasia, Mixed; Aphasia, Post-Ictal; Aphasia, Post-Traumatic; Aphasia, Progressive; Aphasia, Semantic; Aphasia, Syntactical; Dejerine-Lichtheim Phenomenon; Dysphasia, Global; Lichtheim's Sign; Logagnosia; Logasthenia; Ageusic Aphasia; Ageusic Aphasias; Alogias; Anepias; Aphasia, Post Ictal; Aphasia, Post Traumatic; Aphasias, Ageusic; Aphasias, Auditory Discriminatory; Aphasias, Commisural; Aphasias, Functional; Aphasias, Global; Aphasias, Graphomotor; Aphasias, Intellectual; Aphasias, Mixed; Aphasias, Post-Ictal; Aphasias, Post-Traumatic; Aphasias, Progressive; Aphasias, Semantic; Aphasias, Syntactical; Auditory Discriminatory Aphasia; Auditory Discriminatory Aphasias; Commisural Aphasia; Commisural Aphasias; Dejerine Lichtheim Phenomenon; Discriminatory Aphasia, Auditory; Discriminatory Aphasias, Auditory; Dysphasias, Global; Functional Aphasia; Functional Aphasias; Global Aphasia; Global Aphasias; Global Dysphasia; Global Dysphasias; Graphomotor Aphasia; Graphomotor Aphasias; Intellectual Aphasia; Intellectual Aphasias; Lichtheim Sign; Lichtheims Sign; Logagnosias; Logamnesias; Logasthenias; Mixed Aphasia; Mixed Aphasias; Phenomenon, Dejerine-Lichtheim; Post-Ictal Aphasia; Post-Ictal Aphasias; Post-Traumatic Aphasia; Post-Traumatic Aphasias; Progressive Aphasia; Progressive Aphasias; Semantic Aphasia; Semantic Aphasias; Sign, Lichtheim's; Syntactical Aphasias; Aphasia, Acquired

Networked: 880 relevant articles (67 outcomes, 98 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Epilepsy (Aura)
3.	Hemiplegia (Spastic Hemiplegia)
4.	Dementia (Dementias)
5.	Seizures (Seizure)

Experts

1.	Meinzer, Marcus: 8 articles (07/2011 - 01/2004)
2.	Berthier, Marcelo L: 7 articles (06/2015 - 04/2003)
3.	Abo, Masahiro: 6 articles (10/2015 - 08/2004)
4.	Pulvermüller, Friedemann: 6 articles (06/2015 - 11/2005)
5.	Fridriksson, Julius: 6 articles (06/2015 - 06/2010)
6.	Breitenstein, Caterina: 6 articles (01/2015 - 02/2008)
7.	Enderby, Pam: 6 articles (01/2015 - 09/2002)
8.	Kakuda, Wataru: 5 articles (10/2015 - 01/2010)
9.	Flöel, Agnes: 5 articles (01/2015 - 01/2009)
10.	Cherney, Leora R: 5 articles (10/2012 - 10/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Aphasia:

1.	Piracetam (Nootropil)IBA 03/01/1999 - "Compared with placebo there was improvement in both studies on piracetam in all 5 subtests of the AAT and significant overall improvement in aphasia. " 09/01/2000 - "In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, it was investigated whether piracetam improves language recovery in poststroke aphasia assessed by neuropsychological tests and activation PET measurement of cerebral blood flow. " 01/01/2001 - "Further research is needed to explore the effects of drugs for aphasia, in particular piracetam. " 03/01/1999 - "The role of piracetam in the treatment of acute and chronic aphasia." 01/01/1998 - "The effect of the treatment with Piracetam was especially accentuated in the patients with aphasia (n = 13), whose status showed the most powerful improvement both after 10 (p < 0.03) and 28 days (p < 0.02). "
2.	donepezil (Aricept)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2010 - "Compared with the baseline, the changes of scores of all items of WAB and Aphasia Quotient (AQ) in both group after 12 weeks follow-up were great, however, the change of AQ was significantly greater in donepezil group (34.14 +/- 17.70)than that in control group (20.69 +/- 17.26)(P = 0.004). " 11/14/2006 - "Donepezil (10 mg/day) improved aphasia severity at endpoint (week 16) relative to placebo (p = 0.037)." 07/01/2015 - "After the donepezil treatment, the patient showed improvement in language function, scoring 51.0 of 100 on Aphasia Quotient. " 11/14/2006 - "We studied 26 patients in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of donepezil in chronic poststroke aphasia. " 11/14/2006 - "A randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil in poststroke aphasia."
3.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 01/01/2015 - "In Phase 2, aphasia severity improved at 2-weeks and 2-months following real-tDCS but not sham. " 01/01/2013 - "Right-handed patients treated with rTMS showed better recovery of language function in global aphasia test scores (t test, p < 0.002) as well as in picture-naming performance (ANOVA, p = 0.03) than sham-treated right-handers. " 04/01/2015 - "Therefore, a larger international multicenter proof-of-concept trial was launched, to directly compare the safety and efficacy of rTMS, tDCS, and sham stimulation as adjuvant therapy to speech and language therapy in subacute poststroke aphasia. " 09/01/2013 - "Thirty-seven participants with moderate or severe aphasia were randomized to receive 15 consecutive daily sessions of A-tDCS (1 mA, 10 min; experimental group, n = 18) or sham stimulation (1 mA, 25 s; control group, n = 19) followed by language therapy. " 08/01/2013 - "Twenty-four patients with subacute poststroke aphasia were randomized to a 10-day protocol of 20-minute inhibitory 1 Hz rTMS over the right triangular part of the posterior inferior frontal gyrus or sham stimulation, followed by 45 minutes of speech and language therapy. "
4.	Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2007 - "The results provide preliminary evidence that dexamphetamine paired with combined semantic and phonological therapy may be beneficial for the treatment of naming disorders in chronic aphasia." 11/01/1990 - "Dextroamphetamine produced a dramatic but transient improvement in waking and sleep EEG in one of two children; aphasia did not change. " 11/01/2007 - "Dexamphetamine boosts naming treatment effects in chronic aphasia." 01/01/2005 - "Dexamfetamine improves language function in subacute aphasia and the beneficial effect is maintained in the long term, but its use is restricted to highly selected samples. " 01/01/1992 - "The effects of d-amphetamine on the recovery of aphasia following stroke was examined in 6 patients. "
5.	olanzapine (Zyprexa)FDA Link 09/01/2003 - "By the 28-week endpoint, olanzapine had continued to maintain significantly greater reduction in baseline-to-endpoint PANSS negative scores (-8.1 vs. -3.5, p = .032) and led to significantly greater reduction in scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) dimensions of affective flattening (-5.2 vs. -0.6, p = .033) and alogia (-3.8 vs. -0.3, p = .007). " 01/01/2005 - "Adverse events seen only in the olanzapine group were constipation, dry mouth, dysphasia, sedation and dizziness. " 06/01/2006 - "Quetiapine and olanzapine were similarly effective: in each treatment group significant improvements at Week 12 were observed for negative symptom scores on the SANS and the PANSS, and for subscale scores of affective flattening and alogia on the SANS. "
6.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2002 - "Treatment with carbamazepine led to clinical improvement in behaviour, reduction in the paroxysms and appearance of sleep spindles, but little effect on the degree of aphasia. " 10/01/1995 - "The aphasia disappeared with intravenous diazepam and has improved on oral carbamazepine. "
7.	cerebrolysinIBA 01/01/2013 - "To assess the efficacy of treatment with cerebrolysin, we have examined 60 children with developmental dysphasia, aged from 3 to 4 years. " 01/01/2015 - "Clinical efficacy of cerebrolysin (intravenously in dose 20 ml in 100 ml of physiological solution, 5 days a week, during 4 weeks) used in addition to standard neurorehabilitation measures in patients with post stroke aphasia of different severity was demonstrated. " 01/01/2015 - "The use of cerebrolysin in the complex treatment of patients with post stroke aphasia of different severity improves the prognosis of their rehabilitation. " 01/01/2015 - "[An assessment of cerebrolysin effect on BDNF level in patients with post stroke aphasia depending on carbohydrate metabolism disorders]."
8.	Levodopa (L Dopa)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2011 - "Administration of levodopa for 2 weeks during the postacute stage of aphasia did not augment the positive effects of subacute intensive language treatment with CAT for a spoken naming task." 01/01/2011 - "The effect of levodopa on recovery from aphasia is controversial. " 08/15/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of levodopa with language therapy improves aphasia rehabilitation. " 01/01/2015 - "High-intensity language training in chronic aphasia may take learning to a ceiling that precludes additive benefits from l-dopa. " 01/01/2015 - "L-dopa does not add to the success of high-intensity language training in aphasia."
9.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)IBA 08/16/1997 - "Antiepileptic agents only may have a brief favorable effect on the aphasia. " 01/01/1993 - "Further study on indication of prophylactic use of anticonvulsants might be requested in patients with right hemiparesis and aphasia." 01/01/2002 - "Anticonvulsants, or the passage of time, may control the seizures, but speech recovery is variable, and the aphasia may persist." 05/01/1996 - "Since the disappearance of CSWS might be indicative of a lagged improvement in aphasia, we suggest that sufficiently long-term treatment with anticonvulsants and/or corticosteroids is worthwhile, if the EEG is improved significantly by this treatment." 04/01/1992 - "Finally, our findings did not demonstrate the beneficial effect of treatment with anticonvulsants on the aphasia, but recent studies have shown that treatment with corticosteroids, whether combined with anticonvulsants, is effective."
10.	Memantine (Namenda)FDA Link 05/01/2009 - "Both memantine and CIAT alone improved aphasia severity, but best outcomes were achieved combining memantine with CIAT. " 05/01/2009 - "We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of both memantine and constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT) on chronic poststroke aphasia followed by an open-label extension phase. " 06/01/2015 - "Our results show that aphasia recovery induced by both memantine alone and in combination with CIAT is indexed by bilateral cortical potentials. " 06/01/2015 - "During CIAT application (weeks 16-18), improvements in aphasia severity and ERP/RMS values were amplified by memantine and changes remained stable thereafter (weeks 18-20). " 05/01/2009 - "The memantine group showed significantly better improvement on Western Aphasia Battery-Aphasia Quotient compared with the placebo group while the drug was taken (week 16, p = 0.002; week 18, p = 0.0001; week 20, p = 0.005) and at the washout assessment (p = 0.041). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Language Therapy (Language Training) 04/01/2013 - "Documenting the most impaired communication skills may help to set priority goals for speech and language therapy in aphasia." 07/01/2010 - "It is approved that acupuncture (or acupuncture combined language training) is effective for apoplectic aphasia. " 07/01/2005 - "In response to the established notion that improvement of language functions in chronic aphasia only can be achieved through long-term treatment, we examined the efficacy of a short-term, intensive language training, constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT). " 11/05/2012 - "In a recent trial investigating the effectiveness of speech and language therapy versus a control intervention in poststroke aphasia, patient outcome improved equally in both groups. " 09/01/2013 - "However, research on the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and improvement in speech-language therapy (SLT) for aphasia is sparse. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/1994 - "While pharmacotherapy has held promise for the treatment of aphasia for over 50 years, it has not fulfilled this promise. " 06/01/1994 - "Additional studies with carefully designed methods are necessary to assess the full potential of aphasia pharmacotherapy." 02/01/2010 - "The clinical effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and pharmacotherapy for aphasia has been recently studied. " 03/22/2008 - "A 47-year-old man, who presented with dyspnoea, gynaecomasty, and aphasia due to an extensively metastasized malignancy, was transferred to the hospital for chemotherapy as a matter of urgency. " 11/01/2007 - "[Pharmacotherapy for aphasia]."
3.	Speech Therapy (Therapy, Speech) 01/01/2012 - "To assess the safety and clinical efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) combined with intensive speech therapy (ST) in poststroke patients with aphasia. " 11/01/2001 - "This case illustrates long term-recovery patterns of aphasia and the efficacy of delayed speech therapy, and moreover its efficacy at a long time after onset. " 01/01/2014 - "Speech therapy-led training for communication within a group setting should be manualised and pilot-tested with respect to feasibility and acceptance in a German sample of people with aphasia and their communication partners. " 01/01/2014 - "Based on eight randomised comparisons including 347 participants, a recent Cochrane review (Brady et al., 2012) revealed that speech therapy - as compared with no treatment - had positive effects on functional communication in clients suffering from aphasia (0.30 SMD; 95% CI[0.08 to 0.52]). " 01/01/2014 - "Therefore, new approaches to common speech therapies are urgently needed in order to maximize the recovery from aphasia. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2008 - "Language examination was conducted once each before and after treatment with "Aphasia Battery of Chinese" (ABC method). " 11/01/2005 - "Evaluation and comparison were carried out before treatment and 15 and 30 days after treatment with the western aphasia battery (WAB) AQ indexes. " 04/01/2004 - "Testing predictions of the interactive activation model in recovery from aphasia after treatment." 10/15/2010 - "Language reacquisition capability was determined after 2weeks of intensive language therapy and 8months after treatment in ten chronic aphasia patients. " 05/01/2014 - "This study investigated the integrity of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and uncinate fasciculus (UF) before and after treatment for anomia in people with aphasia. "
5.	Electrodes (Electrode) 07/01/2011 - "The current report demonstrates how different electrode configurations influence the flow of electrical current through brain tissue in a patient who responded positively to a tDCS treatment targeting aphasia. " 11/01/2015 - "The position and influence of both electrodes must be considered in the design and interpretation of tDCS clinical trials for aphasia." 11/01/2015 - "To consider and contrast the predicted brain current flow patterns (electric field distribution) produced by varied 1×1 tDCS (1 anode, 1 cathode, 5 × 7 cm pad electrodes) montages used in aphasia clinical trials. " 11/01/2012 - "Pre-therapy, people with aphasia exhibited an N400 mismatch effect that started over right hemisphere electrodes. " 10/01/2001 - "In 7 patients with inner ear Mondini dysphasia, affirmative ECAP waveforms were recorded in 26 electrodes in all 42 testing electrodes. "