Aortic Valve Stenosis (Aortic Stenosis)

A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2889 relevant articles (94 outcomes, 341 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertrophy
2.	Heart Failure
3.	Coronary Disease (Coronary Heart Disease)
4.	Mitral Valve Insufficiency (Mitral Regurgitation)
5.	Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Experts

1.	Pibarot, Philippe: 37 articles (12/2015 - 02/2003)
2.	Wachtell, Kristian: 32 articles (12/2015 - 04/2007)
3.	Gerdts, Eva: 29 articles (11/2015 - 04/2007)
4.	Ray, Simon: 25 articles (12/2015 - 04/2007)
5.	Dumesnil, Jean G: 24 articles (12/2015 - 02/2003)
6.	Boman, Kurt: 23 articles (12/2015 - 04/2007)
7.	Mathieu, Patrick: 22 articles (12/2015 - 01/2008)
8.	Rossebø, Anne B: 21 articles (11/2015 - 04/2007)
9.	Cramariuc, Dana: 18 articles (11/2015 - 02/2008)
10.	Pedersen, Terje R: 18 articles (11/2015 - 08/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Aortic Valve Stenosis:

1.	DobutamineFDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2008 - "We conclude that patients with severe aortic stenosis and a contractile reserve of <20% improvement in stroke volume on dobutamine stress testing have a very poor prognosis of only 10-20% at two years. " 04/01/2010 - "It has been previously demonstrated that a new index of aortic stenosis (AS) severity derived from dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE), the projected aortic valve area (AVA) at a normal transvalvular flow rate (AVA(proj)), is superior to traditional Doppler echocardiographic indices to discriminate true severe from pseudosevere low-gradient AS. " 11/01/2001 - "More precise recommendations can be made according to an improved characterization of the patients from fast to slow evolution, according to age, type of aortic stenosis, degree of calcification, changes in transaortic gradients over time, tolerance to exercise test and response of aortic valve area to dobutamine. " 05/19/2009 - "This study investigated whether aortic valve replacement (AVR) is associated with improved survival in patients with severe low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis (LF/LGAS) without contractile reserve (CR) on dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). " 03/01/2015 - "The objective of this study was to examine the impact of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) measured at rest and at dobutamine stress echocardiography on the outcome of patients with low LV ejection fraction and low-gradient aortic stenosis. "
2.	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Natrecor)FDA Link 12/01/2015 - "In patients with severe aortic stenosis, TAVR is associated with a significant improvement of pulmonary function and B-type natriuretic peptide. " 12/01/2014 - "Elevated plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a predictor of outcome and helpful for risk stratification in aortic stenosis (AS). " 05/20/2014 - "This study was conducted to define the association between serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) activation and survival after the diagnosis of aortic stenosis (AS). " 04/01/2013 - "Previous studies suggested an independent prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in aortic valve stenosis (AS) but were impeded by small sample sizes and inclusion of relatively selected young patients. " 04/01/2013 - "Prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in elderly patients with aortic valve stenosis: the COFRASA-GENERAC study."
3.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)IBA 10/01/2005 - "Are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors beneficial in patients with aortic stenosis?" 06/01/2012 - "Ongoing randomized controlled trials with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, and biphosphonates will determine the use of these medications to delay the progression of aortic stenosis." 10/01/2005 - "Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertensive patients with aortic valve stenosis: a drug withdrawal study." 10/01/2001 - "Further studies are merited to assess the possible role of ACE inhibitors in aortic stenosis both before and after valve replacement. " 08/01/2015 - "ACE inhibitors in aortic stenosis: no fear just hope."
4.	OxygenIBA 09/01/1988 - "We speculate that the clinical improvement, which often occurs in these patients after valvuloplasty despite persistence of hemodynamically "critical" aortic stenosis, is in part attributable to immediate improvement in the myocardial oxygen supply:demand ratio." 01/01/2013 - "Patients with congenital supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) with associated biventricular outflow tract obstruction and coronary artery abnormalities have a tenuous myocardial oxygen supply/demand relationship. " 05/01/2010 - "Mixed venous oxygen saturation is a prognostic marker after surgery for aortic stenosis." 10/01/2003 - "The infarct was caused solely by the severe aortic stenosis and resulted from the extreme disparity between myocardial oxygen supply and demand." 05/01/1994 - "Oxygen delivery and uptake relationships in patients with aortic stenosis."
5.	Simvastatin (Zocor)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2013 - "Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 1,758 patients in the Simvastatin and Ezetemibe in Aortic Stenosis study. " 04/01/1999 - "Effects of simvastatin on left ventricular hypertrophy and function in rats with aortic stenosis." 11/01/2015 - "Cox regression analysis was used to assess the impact of echocardiographic LV mass on rate of major cardiovascular events in 1656 patients (mean age, 67 years; 39.6% women) with mild-to-moderate asymptomatic aortic stenosis participating in the Simvastatin Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study. " 02/01/2015 - "Doppler echocardiography and CV events were recorded during a median of 4.0 years in 979 men and 632 women aged 28-86 (mean 67±10) years in the Simvastatin Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study. " 02/01/2015 - "RHR was determined by annual ECGs in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study of asymptomatic mild-to-moderate AS patients. "
6.	ezetimibe (Zetia)FDA Link 10/01/2009 - "At sea with SEAS: the first clinical endpoint trial for ezetimibe, treatment of patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis, ends with mixed results and more controversy." 01/01/2009 - "Combining ezetimibe with statin therapy neither further reduces carotid atherosclerosis nor slows aortic stenosis, and it has not been shown to be superior to statin monotherapy in reducing cardiovascular events. " 11/01/2015 - "Cox regression analysis was used to assess the impact of echocardiographic LV mass on rate of major cardiovascular events in 1656 patients (mean age, 67 years; 39.6% women) with mild-to-moderate asymptomatic aortic stenosis participating in the Simvastatin Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study. " 02/01/2015 - "Doppler echocardiography and CV events were recorded during a median of 4.0 years in 979 men and 632 women aged 28-86 (mean 67±10) years in the Simvastatin Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study. " 02/01/2015 - "RHR was determined by annual ECGs in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study of asymptomatic mild-to-moderate AS patients. "
7.	LDL CholesterolIBA 09/01/2009 - "Several retrospective and nonrandomized studies have indicated that lowering atherogenic lipoprotein, in particular low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, may retard the hemodynamic progression of aortic stenosis (AS). " 11/05/2014 - "Association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related genetic variants with aortic valve calcium and incident aortic stenosis." 11/05/2014 - "Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been associated with aortic stenosis in observational studies; however, randomized trials with cholesterol-lowering therapies in individuals with established valve disease have failed to demonstrate reduced disease progression. " 08/01/2006 - "Ongoing trials will assess whether statin therapy is beneficial among patients with noncoronary vascular disease (such as congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, or aortic stenosis), and among people with comorbid conditions or risk factors that increase the risk of vascular disease (including chronic kidney disease and raised C-reactive protein with below average low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). " 02/01/2011 - "The Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study has further shown that combination treatment with simvastatin significantly reduced LDL cholesterol levels in patients with aortic stenosis, but did not affect the primary end point of aortic valve and cardiovascular events, although a significant reduction in the risk of ischaemic events was reported. "
8.	Coarctation of the aortaIBA 04/01/2011 - "In this study we numerically investigate pulsatile blood flow in a simplified model of the aorta (curved pipe) with coexisting coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis. " 01/01/2011 - "The objectives of this study are, (1) to investigate the effects of coarctation on the hemodynamics in the aorta to gain a better understanding of the cause of certain post-surgical coarctation problems, (2) to develop and introduce a new lumped parameter model, mainly based on non-invasive data, allowing the description of the interaction between left ventricle, coarctation of the aorta, aortic valve stenosis, and the arterial system." 01/01/2011 - "Mathematical, numerical and experimental study in the human aorta with coexisting models of bicuspid aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta." 03/01/2015 - "Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. " 12/01/2014 - "We report on a 17-year-old male Cameroonian with a variant of shone anomaly consisting of sub-valvular aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta and parachute mitral valve. "
9.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)IBA 06/01/2008 - "These positive results justify the further testing of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-based therapies in patients with valvular aortic stenosis. " 02/01/2014 - "Studies have shown that high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-raising compounds induce regression of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) in animal models. " 02/01/2014 - "Evaluation of links between high-density lipoprotein genetics, functionality, and aortic valve stenosis risk in humans." 09/01/2008 - "Low-density lipoprotein and aortic stenosis." 09/01/2008 - "Association between circulating oxidised low-density lipoprotein and fibrocalcific remodelling of the aortic valve in aortic stenosis."
10.	Lipoprotein(a)IBA 06/01/2014 - "Although a previous study has suggested that a genetic variant in the LPA region was associated with the presence of aortic valve stenosis (AVS), no prospective study has suggested a role for lipoprotein(a) levels in the pathophysiology of AVS. " 06/01/2014 - "Lipoprotein(a) levels, genotype, and incident aortic valve stenosis: a prospective Mendelian randomization study and replication in a case-control cohort." 02/11/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated lipoprotein(a) levels and corresponding LPA risk genotypes (rs10455872, rs3798220, kringle IV type 2 repeat polymorphism) prospectively associate with increased risk of aortic valve stenosis (AVS). " 09/15/2015 - "Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is associated with aortic stenosis (AS). " 09/15/2015 - "How Does Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Cause Aortic Valve Stenosis?"

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Balloon Dilation 06/01/1998 - "Newer interventions, such as balloon valvuloplasty, should be carefully evaluated for long-term results and should be compared more appropriately to current surgical results to determine the best treatment modality for the neonate and infant with critical aortic stenosis." 08/01/1991 - "Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty has proven to be acutely effective in the treatment of congenital valvar aortic stenosis; however, the intermediate- and long-term effectiveness of the procedure remain to be documented. " 12/01/1989 - "The results indicate that balloon valvuloplasty can be offered to very elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis and can produce improvement in hemodynamic and clinical status." 11/15/1988 - "Even with these limitations, however, balloon valvuloplasty seems to provide a significant improvement in actuarial survival compared with the natural history of elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis." 10/01/1995 - "Balloon valvuloplasty was as effective in these young adults as in 70 children (age 6 +/- 0.7 years) with congenital aortic stenosis (peak systolic gradient pre- 79 +/- 3 mm Hg versus post- 34 +/- 2 mg Hg; at 1-2 years follow-up 34 +/- 4 mm Hg). "
2.	Surgical Instruments (Clip) 04/20/2012 - "Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an effective treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high risk for surgical valve replacement. " 09/01/2015 - "In patients with aortic stenosis, cQTD has been shown improved after surgical valve replacement, but the effects of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are unknown. " 12/01/2014 - "Gold standard therapy for aortic stenosis is surgical valve replacement. " 04/01/2014 - "To date, the gold standard of aortic stenosis treatment is surgical valve replacement. " 04/01/2002 - "Aortic stenosis leads to the derangement of cardiac function and contraction mode because of chronic pressure overload that is relieved after surgical valve replacement. "
3.	Bioprosthesis 08/01/2012 - "Transcatheter aortic bioprosthesis implantation is a safe and effective procedure to be used in patients with aortic stenosis at high surgical risk. " 01/01/2010 - "To report the feasibility, safety and efficacy of percutaneous aortic valve implantation (PAVI) with the CoreValve self-expanding aortic valve bioprosthesis in elderly patients with aortic valve stenosis who are rejected for surgery or have a high surgical risk.Methods" 09/01/2015 - "Efficacy of Stentless Aortic Bioprosthesis Implantation for Aortic Stenosis with Small Aortic Annulus." 01/01/2014 - "In our sample of elderly patients with aortic stenosis, replacing the aortic valve with a Hancock II bioprosthesis resulted in improved hemodynamics and quality of life. " 07/14/2015 - "pivotal trial for the self-expanding valve found that among patients with severe aortic stenosis at increased risk for surgery, the 1-year survival rate was 4.9 percentage points higher in patients treated with a self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve bioprosthesis than in those treated with a surgical bioprosthesis. "
4.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 11/01/2007 - "Due to improvement in surgical techniques and better prosthesis, aortic valve surgery can now be offered at low risk to a selected group of asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis. " 07/01/2010 - "This prospective study aimed to determine to what extent clinical symptoms and neurohumoral activation are improved in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with the CoreValve prosthesis. " 08/18/2015 - "Despite the higher device success rate with the balloon-expandable valve, 1-year follow-up of patients in CHOICE (Randomized Comparison of Transcatheter Heart Valves in High Risk Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis: Medtronic CoreValve Versus Edwards SAPIEN XT Trial), with limited statistical power, revealed clinical outcomes after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement with both balloon- and self-expandable prostheses that were not statistically significantly different. " 09/01/2014 - "The study aim was to compare the hemodynamic performance of the Trifecta valve with that of the Freestyle valve in patients with an aortic annulus ≤ 2.3 cm. Between September 2011 and September 2013, a total of 40 patients with pure aortic stenosis and native aortic annulus diameter ≤ 2.3 cm was randomized to receive either a St. Jude Medical Trifecta stented prosthesis (n = 20) or a Medtronic Freestyle stentless prosthesis (n = 20). " 11/01/2013 - "Effect of the prosthesis-patient mismatch on long-term clinical outcomes after isolated aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: a prospective observational study."
5.	Catheters 06/01/2006 - "Therapy for severe aortic valve stenosis in infants and children has shifted from the operating suite to the catheterization laboratory and even to the bedside as a direct result of improved catheter technology, evolving techniques, and comparable results to conventional surgical intervention. " 01/01/2011 - "This study aimed to assess the early effect of trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) on right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function in severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients. " 09/01/2003 - "This study was designed to evaluate the phenomenon of pressure recovery in pediatric patients with aortic stenosis and also to evaluate how observed differences between catheter and Doppler gradients can be predicted by Doppler echocardiography. " 09/01/2002 - "Preoperative catheter study revealed severe aortic stenosis in which valve area was 0.5 cm2 and pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta was 101 mmHg. " 09/01/1999 - "The study was performed in 37 patients with aortic valve stenosis, in whom cardiac catheterization was performed and left ventricular and aortic pressures were determined using a high-fidelity multi-tip micromanometer catheter. "