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Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety Disorder)

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Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.

Also Known As:

Anxiety Disorder; Disorders, Anxiety; Disorder, Anxiety; Anxiety State, Neurotic; Neurotic Anxiety State; Neurotic Anxiety States; State, Neurotic Anxiety; States, Neurotic Anxiety; Anxiety Neuroses; Anxiety States, Neurotic; Neuroses, Anxiety

Networked: 4394 relevant articles (546 outcomes, 950 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 2989
- Anxiety Disorders: 4394

Related Diseases

1.	Panic Disorder (Panic Attack)
2.	Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety Disorder)
3.	Phobic Disorders (Phobia)
4.	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive)
5.	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD)

Experts

1.	Stein, Dan J: 54 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Pollack, Mark H: 44 articles (07/2015 - 09/2002)
3.	Stein, Murray B: 37 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Baldwin, David S: 33 articles (10/2015 - 06/2005)
5.	Simon, Naomi M: 29 articles (11/2014 - 09/2002)
6.	Hofmann, Stefan G: 27 articles (07/2015 - 03/2006)
7.	Rickels, Karl: 26 articles (07/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Penninx, Brenda W J H: 25 articles (04/2015 - 06/2009)
9.	Otto, Michael W: 24 articles (07/2015 - 06/2003)
10.	Kasper, Siegfried: 24 articles (06/2015 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Anxiety Disorders:

1.	Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)IBA 01/01/2012 - "Since 1980s, several clinical trials have shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which have no dependency, are effective for most subtypes of anxiety disorders. " 08/30/2004 - "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are first-line treatment for most anxiety disorders, but their mechanism of anxiolytic action has not been clarified. " 05/01/2002 - "Most recent data concerning the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggests that these agents will be effective and safe in the treatment of paediatric anxiety disorders. " 01/01/2011 - "On the positive side, a considerable database of studies shows efficacy and relative tolerability of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the major anxiety disorders, and secondary analyses of such datasets have informed questions such as optimal definition of response and remission, optimal dose and duration, and comparative efficacy of different agents. " 01/15/2010 - "Area-specific and stimulation-dependent changes of human brain activation by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are an important issue for improved understanding of treatment mechanisms, given the frequent prescription of these drugs in depression and anxiety disorders. "
2.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 01/01/2006 - "Although currently prescribed antidepressants with actions mediated through alteration of monoaminergic transmission have been proven to be useful for the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders, they are far from ideal due to their slow onset of action and low rate of responses. " 12/01/2012 - "The therapies of mood and anxiety disorders are not solved, because current antidepressants have delayed onset of therapeutic action and a significant number of patients are non-responsive. " 05/01/2011 - "A growing number of controlled clinical trials suggest that different second-generation antidepressants (SGA) may be effective in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). " 03/01/2012 - "While antidepressants are widely used to treat mood and anxiety disorders, only half of the patients will respond to antidepressant treatment and only one-third of patients experience a full remission of symptoms. " 09/01/2011 - "Antidepressants are an effective treatment for depressive and anxiety disorders. "
3.	BenzodiazepinesIBA 01/01/2013 - "The identification of genetic predictors for anxiety disorders, and especially for benzodiazepine use disorder, could aid the selection of the best treatment option and improve clinical outcomes. " 01/01/2007 - "These data are in line with the knowledge of a lack of efficacy of benzodiazepines in depressive and most anxiety disorders, despite long term treatment. " 06/01/2004 - "Although the SSRIs are considered to be a first-line treatment for the most of anxiety disorders benzodiazepines are still widely used in clinical practice despite the risk of dependence and strong recommendation for their use as a second-line. " 01/01/2004 - "Although SSRIs are considered to be a first-line treatment for the most of anxiety disorders benzodiazepines are still widely used in clinical practice despite the risk of dependence and strong recommendation for their use as a second-line. " 09/15/1999 - "However, because of the phenomena of tolerance and dependence but also according to the efficacy of the anti-depressants in most anxiety disorders, benzodiazepines are described in France as over-prescribed molecules. "
4.	Paroxetine (Paxil)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2005 - "Paroxetine has been the most studied agent in social anxiety disorder and has been shown to be effective in short-term, fixed- and flexible-dose placebo-controlled trials, as well as in long-term treatment. " 01/01/2002 - "Paroxetine, 20 mg/day, is an effective and safe treatment for patients with generalized social anxiety disorder and significantly improves social anxiety, avoidance of social interactions, social disability, and overall clinical condition. " 12/01/2004 - "In general, across the range of anxiety disorders studied, in both short- and long-term studies, remission rates were higher for paroxetine compared with placebo, using disorder-specific, global, and functional remission criteria both individually and combined. " 02/01/2007 - "While the overall efficacy of paroxetine appears to be comparable with other SSRIs in the treatment of major depression, it is approved for use in a wider variety of anxiety disorders than any other antidepressant. " 01/01/2003 - "An abundance of data have been accumulated from clinical investigations demonstrating the efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of major depression and anxiety disorders. "
5.	venlafaxine (Effexor)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2005 - "Venlafaxine extended-release (ER) has proven efficacy in the treatment of anxiety symptoms in major depression, generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. " 01/01/2004 - "Venlafaxine is an alternative option, beneficial in depression, post-traumatic stress and generalised anxiety disorders. " 01/01/2005 - "Efficacy of low and higher dose extended-release venlafaxine in generalized social anxiety disorder: a 6-month randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2004 - "Patients with generalized anxiety disorder treated with venlafaxine XR showed similar absolute rates of response on somatic and psychic symptoms, but relative to patients treated with placebo, more improvement in psychic than somatic symptoms." 11/15/2007 - "Venlafaxine ER is an effective and reasonably well-tolerated treatment for generalized social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. "
6.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 12/01/2003 - "Owing to the important role of 5-HT in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders, the latter observation may contribute to the therapeutical efficacy of CRH-R1 antagonists in these illnesses." 01/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the efficacy of two major treatments for social anxiety disorders in children: cognitive-behavioral therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug treatment. " 07/28/1999 - "These findings strongly suggest that facilitation of brain 5-HT neurotransmission decreases anxiety, which is in agreement with the clinical reports that selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors are effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders." 12/01/2011 - "Among drugs that act on serotonergic neurotransmission, selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are now the gold standard for the treatment of anxiety disorders. " 08/01/2015 - "Serotonin Synthesis and Reuptake in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Positron Emission Tomography Study."
7.	pregabalin (Lyrica)FDA Link 03/01/2012 - "Although pregabalin has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a number of randomized controlled trials, there is little published data on the optimal dose for treating this condition. " 02/01/2004 - "High dose pregabalin is effective for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder." 04/01/2005 - "This study demonstrates that pregabalin is an effective treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, with BID dosing showing similar efficacy and comparable tolerability with TID dosing." 04/01/2004 - "In conclusion, pregabalin 600 mg/d was an effective and well-tolerated treatment of social anxiety disorder." 03/01/2003 - "These results indicate that pregabalin is an effective, rapidly acting, and safe treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. "
8.	Citalopram (Escitalopram)FDA Link 10/01/2005 - "Escitalopram has proven efficacy in the short-term treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD). " 11/01/2002 - "Citalopram appears to be effective and well tolerated in this group of children and adolescents with depressive or anxiety disorders and a high degree of comorbidity. " 01/01/2006 - "Recent studies have shown that a new type of SSRI, escitalopram (the S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram), with a unique mode of action, is effective and offers potential as a new treatment for anxiety disorders. " 01/01/2002 - "In this naturalistic setting, citalopram appeared to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment for a range of anxiety disorders in adolescents." 09/01/2002 - "Results of this study suggest that citalopram may be a safe and effective treatment for generalized social anxiety disorder, including patients who have failed to tolerate or respond to a prior treatment trial."
9.	Buspirone (Buspar)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1997 - "Buspirone is a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic that has been effective in uncontrolled trials for treating childhood anxiety disorders. " 05/01/1996 - "Buspirone is effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children. " 07/01/1996 - "This study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic efficacy of buspirone in patients with a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with coexisting mild depressive symptoms. " 01/01/1999 - "Buspirone is an azapirone with 5-HT1A partial agonist activity which has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, commonly referred to as persistent anxiety. " 07/01/1996 - "Efficacy of buspirone in generalized anxiety disorder with coexisting mild depressive symptoms."
10.	Sertraline (Zoloft)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2003 - "With its beneficial side-effect profile and proven efficacy in social anxiety disorder, sertraline can be considered a valuable addition to the variety of treatments currently available for this disorder." 09/01/2003 - "Patients treated with sertraline improved significantly (P <.05) compared to placebo on both the CAPS-2 and DTS whether or not they had a comorbid depressive or anxiety disorder. " 05/01/2001 - "In open treatment, sertraline resulted in significant improvement in symptoms of childhood social anxiety disorder. " 05/01/2009 - "Combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline is more effective than monotherapy for pediatric anxiety disorders." 12/25/2008 - "Both cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline reduced the severity of anxiety in children with anxiety disorders; a combination of the two therapies had a superior response rate. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/2010 - "Overall, the current literature suggests: (a) anxiety disorders are common among older age individuals, but less common than in younger adults; (b) overlap exists between anxiety symptoms of younger and older adults, although there are some differences as well as limitations to the assessment of symptoms among older adults; (c) anxiety disorders are highly comorbid with depression in older adults; (d) anxiety disorders are highly comorbid with a number of medical illnesses; (e) associations between cognitive decline and anxiety have been observed; (f) late age of onset is infrequent; and (g) both pharmacotherapy and CBT have demonstrated efficacy for older adults with anxiety. " 08/01/2005 - "Given the limited efficacy, the delayed onset of response (it takes several weeks before a clinical effect can be seen for most of these drugs), and the occurrence of side effects associated with pharmacotherapy, predicting response in anxiety disorders would be immensely valuable. " 04/01/2013 - "While randomized evidence appears to have established efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and some pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD), their real-world effectiveness has been called into question by long-term naturalistic cohort studies of patients with SAD as they show very low probability of recovery and sustained social dysfunctions despite some drug and psychological therapies. " 01/01/1998 - "The following are the main research findings: 1. The effectiveness of psychotherapy compared to wait-list and non-treatment groups has been proven by so many research papers that there is hardly any need t do so again; 2. Psychotherapy was found to be effective in treating focused psychiatric disorders such as OCD, depression and anxiety disorders (with preference to cognitive-behavioral approaches) over psychodynamic approaches, and in some instances in preference to pharmacotherapy). " 04/01/2011 - "CALM (cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy medication recommendations) is more effective than is UC for principal anxiety disorders and, to a lesser extent, comorbid anxiety disorders that present in primary care."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2014 - "Reliable and clinically significant improvement (RCSI) on depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9: PHQ-9) or anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder-7: GAD-7) outcome measures after treatment was the primary outcome. " 09/01/2013 - "Psychiatrists are often asked to evaluate and manage patients with major depression or anxiety disorders who have not improved after treatment in primary care. " 01/01/2015 - "Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD), but many patients do not respond sufficiently and a substantial proportion relapse after treatment has ended. " 05/01/2014 - "Manual and electronic searches using PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were conducted for records from the first available date through May 1, 2013 for trials of pharmacological interventions in patients with anxiety disorders, which had measures of QOL before and after treatment. " 07/01/2013 - "To determine whether there are differences in quality of life (QoL) improvement after treatment with the trial-based thought record (TBTR) versus conventional cognitive therapy (CCT) in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). "
3.	Meditation 03/01/2012 - "Most of the many studies on the efficacy of meditation on anxiety disorders over the past half century have been quantitatively studied and lacked consensus. " 08/15/2011 - "There is mounting evidence that mindfulness meditation is beneficial for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, yet little is known regarding the neural mechanisms through which mindfulness modulates emotional responses. " 02/01/2007 - "A meditation-based stress management program can be effective in relieving anxiety symptoms in patients with anxiety disorder. " 08/01/2013 - "Mindfulness meditation has met increasing interest as a therapeutic strategy for anxiety disorders, but prior studies have been limited by methodological concerns, including a lack of an active comparison group. " 10/01/2007 - "Randomized trial of a meditation-based stress reduction program and cognitive behavior therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder."
4.	Bibliotherapy 02/01/2007 - "Bibliotherapy is more effective than waiting list for reducing childhood anxiety disorder, but not as effective as group cognitive behavioural therapy." 09/01/2006 - "The current study examined the efficacy of supplementing bibliotherapy for child anxiety disorders with therapist-initiated telephone or email sessions, or with client-initiated contact in a randomised trial using a waitlist control. " 09/01/2014 - "A total of 48 parents and youth (8-13) with anxiety disorders were randomly assigned to receive 10-sessions of CBT either delivered by a child anxiety specialist in the primary care clinic or implemented by the parent with therapist support by telephone (i.e., face-to-face or therapist-supported bibliotherapy). " 11/01/2009 - "Unguided self-help through bibliotherapy can produce enduring improvement for individuals with social anxiety disorder." 06/01/2006 - "Bibliotherapy for children with anxiety disorders using written materials for parents: A randomized controlled trial."
5.	Complementary Therapies (Alternative Medicine) 01/01/2015 - "The data analyzed in this review allows us to claim that alternative therapies like exercise are effective in controlling and reducing symptoms, as 91% of anxiety disorders surveys have shown effective results in treating. " 08/01/2014 - "To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological, psychological and alternative therapies in older adults with an anxiety disorder who have not responded, or have responded inadequately, to treatment. " 04/01/2014 - "This article is an updated review on the potential uses of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches for the management of patients with mood and anxiety disorders. " 04/01/2014 - "Current evidence regarding the management of mood and anxiety disorders using complementary and alternative medicine." 09/01/2013 - "Treating generalized anxiety disorder using complementary and alternative medicine."