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Anus Neoplasms (Anal Cancer)

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Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.

Also Known As:

Anal Cancer; Anal Neoplasms; Cancer of the Anus; Neoplasms, Anal; Neoplasms, Anus; Anal Cancers; Anal Neoplasm; Anus Cancer; Anus Cancers; Anus Neoplasm; Cancer, Anal; Cancers, Anal; Neoplasm, Anal; Neoplasm, Anus; Cancer of Anus

Networked: 415 relevant articles (34 outcomes, 62 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer)
3.	Vaginal Neoplasms (Cancer, Vaginal)
4.	Diarrhea
5.	Infection

Experts

1.	Das, Prajnan: 8 articles (11/2015 - 07/2007)
2.	Haddock, Michael G: 6 articles (12/2015 - 01/2011)
3.	Miller, Robert C: 6 articles (12/2015 - 04/2008)
4.	Rödel, Claus: 6 articles (01/2015 - 01/2010)
5.	Glynne-Jones, Rob: 6 articles (01/2013 - 09/2008)
6.	Palefsky, Joel M: 6 articles (12/2012 - 06/2003)
7.	Eng, Cathy: 5 articles (11/2015 - 01/2008)
8.	Fraunholz, Ingeborg: 5 articles (01/2015 - 04/2010)
9.	Crane, Christopher H: 5 articles (10/2014 - 07/2007)
10.	Garland, Suzanne M: 4 articles (09/2015 - 01/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Anus Neoplasms:

1.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2006 - "Here, we report a case of a male with anal cancer who was treated with 5-FU 1000 mg/m(2), continuous infusion for 5 days q4 weeks. " 08/01/1994 - "We report on a young female patient suffering from anal-cancer who received simultaneous radiochemotherapy and developed a "hibernating myocardium" during continuous infusion of 5-FU. " 01/01/2003 - "Twenty-three patients diagnosed with anal cancer between March 1991 and February 1999 were treated with induction chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil based regimens followed by external beam radiation. " 03/01/1990 - "Low dose, continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil plus radiotherapy for anal cancer." 05/01/2013 - "T2-4N0-3M0 anal cancer patients received 5FU and MMC on days 1 and 29 of DP-IMRT, prescribed per stage: T2N0, 42 Gy elective nodal and 50.4 Gy anal tumor planning target volumes (PTVs) in 28 fractions; T3-4N0-3, 45 Gy elective nodal, 50.4 Gy ≤ 3 cm or 54 Gy >3 cm metastatic nodal and 54 Gy anal tumor PTVs in 30 fractions. "
2.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2011 - "Although the patient died 16 months after first admission, chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin is potentially effective for the management of advanced anal cancer." 01/01/2013 - "If the decreased cisplatin dose intensity employed in anal cancer is modelled, more satisfactory predictions for such trials can be achieved. " 07/01/2007 - "The role of cisplatin in anal cancer is not completely clear, although an ongoing randomized trial (Anal Cancer Trial II) may help clarify the role of cisplatin. " 11/15/2011 - "This Phase II clinical trial was performed to determine whether cisplatin could replace MMC in the treatment of anal cancer. " 11/01/2011 - "Clinical experience with chemoradiotherapy comprising S-1 plus low-dose cisplatin in a patient with stage IV anal cancer."
3.	Mitomycin (Mitomycin-C)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2008 - "Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 92-08 began as a single arm, Phase II trial for patients with anal cancer consisting of radiation (RT) + 5-flourouracil + mitomycin-C with a mandatory 2-week break and was amended after completion to evaluate the same treatment regimen without a treatment break. " 06/01/2014 - "One compared with two cycles of mitomycin C in chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer: analysis of outcomes and toxicity." 12/10/2012 - "Mitomycin in anal cancer: still the standard of care." 01/01/2012 - "Between 1976 and 2008, 146 patients with T1 (n=29) or T2 (n=117) N0 M0 anal cancer were treated curatively by RT alone (n=71) or by combined chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (n=75) consisting of mitomycin C±5-fluorouracil. " 05/01/2009 - "At present, RT with 5-FU and mitomycin is the standard of care for anal cancer patients. "
4.	capecitabine (Xeloda)FDA Link 09/01/2008 - "This phase II trial aimed to determine the feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy of capecitabine, MMC and radiotherapy (RT) in anal cancer patients. " 04/01/2013 - "This phase 1, dose-finding study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of simultaneous integrated boost-intensity modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) with concomitant capecitabine and mitomycin C in locally advanced anal cancer, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analyses. " 09/01/2008 - "EXTRA--a multicenter phase II study of chemoradiation using a 5 day per week oral regimen of capecitabine and intravenous mitomycin C in anal cancer." 04/01/2013 - "Newer radiation techniques, and the application of continuous 5-FU exposure during radiation therapy using oral capecitabine may improve the treatment of anal cancer. " 05/01/2010 - "This review discusses the evolution of therapy for anal cancer, from early clinical trials establishing the current standard to more recent studies evaluating cisplatin, capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and cetuximab. "
5.	cetuximab (Erbitux)FDA Link 05/01/2012 - "Efficacy of Cetuximab in Combination with FOLFIRI in a Patient with KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Anal Cancer." 03/01/2015 - "Low response rate after cetuximab combined with conventional chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced anal cancer: long-term results of the UNICANCER ACCORD 16 phase II trial." 11/01/2013 - "Unexpected toxicity of cetuximab combined with conventional chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced anal cancer: results of the UNICANCER ACCORD 16 phase II trial." 12/01/2015 - "Patients with locally advanced anal cancer, T2 (≥4 cm)-4N0-3M0, received weekly standard doses of cetuximab starting 1 week before CRT. " 05/01/2012 - "Nevertheless, from our perspective the combination of FOLFIRI and cetuximab is quite a promising therapeutic option for patients with metastatic anal cancer. "
6.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/01/2010 - "We aimed to determine the accuracy of our microarray in anal cancer DNA for HPV genotypes compared to the DNA sequencing gold standard. " 08/15/2014 - "In this study, we analyzed biopsy material from 112 patients with anal cancers in Australia for the presence of HPV DNA by the INNO LiPA HPV genotyping assay. " 11/15/2015 - "We evaluated combined HPV DNA and p16 status as a prognostic factor of treatment response in anal cancer. " 11/15/2015 - "Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and p16 status have both been reported as prognostic factors in anal cancer, but the prognostic relevance of combined detection and particularly HPV-/p16+ and HPV+/p16- signatures is unknown. " 09/01/2015 - "HPV DNA prevalence was 84.9%, 28.6%, 74.3% and 90.0% for ICC, vulvar, vaginal and anal cancers, respectively, and 86.7%, 95.8% and 100% for VIN2/3, VaIN2/3 and AIN2/3, respectively. "
7.	VaccinesIBA 10/01/2013 - "Almost 80% of anal cancers were positive for the vaccine types HPV-16 or HPV-18, and in 70%, these were the only types detected, suggesting that a high proportion might be preventable by current vaccines." 03/01/2012 - "Our findings indicate that vaccines against HPV might play an important role in the prevention of anal cancer and its precursor lesions." 09/01/2011 - "Prophylactic HPV vaccination with currently available vaccines could potentially prevent the great majority of anal cancers in Slovenia." 09/22/2015 - "Both Gardasil® and Cervarix® vaccines when administered by a three-dose schedule have been demonstrated to be effective against cervical, vulva, and vaginal cancer precursors from vaccine genotypes in phase III clinical trials, and post-marketing studies; Gardasil® vaccine also offers additional protection against anal cancer precursors. " 04/01/2014 - "There are two commercially available vaccines licensed worldwide for the prevention of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-associated cancers such as anal cancer. "
8.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/21/2010 - "A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was designed to determine the efficacy of long-acting octreotide acetate (LAO) in preventing the onset of acute diarrhea in patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy for rectal or anal cancer. "
9.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2011 - "One prior report described the activity of paclitaxel in five patients with anal cancer. " 01/01/2014 - "Carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment is effective in advanced anal cancer." 12/01/2011 - "Our results confirm activity of weekly-paclitaxel in patients with 5-FU and cisplatin-resistant metastatic anal cancer." 12/01/2011 - "Single-agent paclitaxel in advanced anal cancer after failure of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy." 06/01/2015 - "Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin and mitomycin and cetuximab can be available options for unmet need in metastatic anal cancer."
10.	Carboplatin (JM8)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "Carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment is effective in advanced anal cancer."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy 06/01/2015 - "While PET/CT is nowadays considered to be an important tool in the initial workup of oesophageal and anal cancers, new data are emerging regarding its use in assessing therapeutic efficacy, radiotherapy treatment planning, and detection of recurrence in case of isolated tumour marker elevation. " 02/01/1998 - "[Concomitant radiochemotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in the treatment of anal cancer: results of a randomized phase iii study]." 01/01/2013 - "Aim of this work is to discuss the role of radiotherapy especially when helped by new technologies in the management of brain, skin, head and neck, lung, breast, prostate and anal cancer. " 08/01/2015 - "To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of 36 Gy of elective node irradiation and report patterns of recurrence in patients with anal cancer treated by chemoradiation with the same radiotherapy (RT) treatment scheme. " 11/01/2015 - "Using a cross-sectional questionnaire study, we examined symptoms and distress related to the dysfunction of pelvic organs after radiotherapy for anal cancer. "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/15/1995 - "Treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is effective for patients with anal cancer. " 01/01/2013 - "To assess the toxicity and efficacy of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with chemotherapy in treatment of anal cancer. " 01/01/2007 - "In addition, the rationale and clinical data regarding the efficacy of radiation dose escalation for rectal and anal cancer will be highlighted, as well as tolerance of pelvic organs to RT and chemotherapy. " 12/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the feasibility and outcome of definitive radio-chemotherapy without split-course technique but with individualised short treatment interruption in anal cancer patients. " 11/01/2015 - "No standard-of-care therapy is available for patients with metastatic anal cancer, and most receive cytotoxic chemotherapy. "
3.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 08/01/2008 - "Improved survival of HIV-positive individuals after HAART initiation may allow for sufficient time for human papillomavirus-associated anal dysplasias to develop into malignancies, thus explaining the increased incidence of anal cancer in the HAART era." 12/15/2004 - "HIV-associated anal cancer: has highly active antiretroviral therapy reduced the incidence or improved the outcome?" 08/01/2000 - "Since progression of anal HSIL to invasive anal cancer may require several years, the improvement in survival associated with HAART may paradoxically lead to an increased risk of anal cancer. " 02/20/2010 - "As HIV-infected persons are experiencing longer life expectancies and HAART does not appear protective of anal cancer, studies on preventive strategies are needed." 12/01/2015 - "Here, we report a large series in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era comparing outcomes between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with anal cancer. "
4.	Colostomy 03/01/2004 - "Anal cancer can be cured by synchronous chemoradiotherapy, a treatment that both enables anal continence to be retained and reserves abdominoperineal resection of the rectum and anal canal (with formation of a permanent colostomy) for recurrent or residual disease after primary chemoradiotherapy. " 01/01/2013 - "Capturing data on colostomy formation in anal cancer." 09/10/2011 - "Failure to control anal cancer and complications of treatment are alternative indications for colostomy. " 09/01/2011 - "However, the current standard of care for localized anal cancer is concurrent chemoradiation therapy, primarily because of its sphincter-saving and colostomy-sparing potential. " 12/01/2010 - "Total treatment time, but not duration of radiation therapy, seems to have a detrimental effect on local failure and colostomy rate in anal cancer. "
5.	Brachytherapy 01/01/2010 - "Complete local response to radio- and chemoradiation for anal cancer was improved due to use of high-energy dosage of intraluminal brachytherapy (complete clinical regression (chemoradiation)--85.7%; combined irradiaton--75%). " 01/01/1998 - "This study evaluates anorectal function after combined tele- and brachytherapy for anal cancer using manometric measurements and a standardized questionnaire. " 07/01/2014 - "Sixteen patients with anal cancer were treated with chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy boost with image-based high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy from January 2007 to June 2011. " 07/01/2014 - "To evaluate dosimetric and clinical outcome in patients of anal cancer treated with image-based interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy following chemoradiation. " 07/01/2014 - "Dosimetric and clinical outcome in image-based high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for anal cancer."