Antimony

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.

Networked: 689 relevant articles (63 outcomes, 58 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Sundar, Shyam: 19 articles (09/2015 - 12/2002)
2.	Roy, Syamal: 11 articles (09/2015 - 06/2005)
3.	Sundar, S: 11 articles (01/2009 - 03/2000)
4.	Thakur, C P: 10 articles (07/2008 - 01/2001)
5.	Murray, Henry W: 8 articles (10/2015 - 11/2002)
6.	Naskar, Kshudiram: 7 articles (09/2015 - 06/2005)
7.	Ouellette, Marc: 7 articles (02/2015 - 10/2003)
8.	Chatterjee, Mitali: 7 articles (01/2014 - 02/2007)
9.	Carvalho, Edgar M: 6 articles (04/2014 - 11/2004)
10.	Dujardin, Jean-Claude: 5 articles (09/2015 - 10/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar) 12/01/2005 - "In conclusion, the present study showed that multiple dose treatment with LMA was effective in improving antimony levels in the bone marrow of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis and in reducing the number of positive animals, even though it was not sufficient to achieve complete elimination of parasites." 01/01/2008 - "Based on the results of this pilot study, a further evaluation of the efficacy of HPE therapy, which may offer a cost-effective way of improving the treatment of antimony-resistant cases of visceral leishmaniasis, is being undertaken." 01/01/2008 - "An aqueous extract of human placenta (HPE) was found to offer protection against established experimental visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice and hamsters, whether the Leishmania donovani strain involved was one that was sensitive or resistant to pentavalent antimony. " 04/08/2013 - "The efficacy of this vaccination regimen in a murine and hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis caused by both antimony resistant (Sb-R) and sensitive (Sb-S) Leishmania (L.) donovani is examined. " 10/15/2008 - "In Bihar, India, home to nearly one-half of the world's burden of visceral leishmaniasis, drug resistance has ended the usefulness of pentavalent antimony, which is the traditional first-line treatment. "
2.	Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 04/01/1997 - "High-dose long-term regimens of antimony have been shown to be highly effective for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. " 01/01/1996 - "Systemic monotherapy with IFN-gamma can be an effective treatment for complicated cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis without the side effects sometimes observed with systemic pentavalent antimony. " 12/01/1997 - "The efficacy of an antimony regimen at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for a 3-4-week period is well established in the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. " 06/01/1997 - "In this paper we have studied the efficacy of intralesionally applied antimony in New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. " 08/01/2015 - "In conclusion, the upregulation of protein expression and increment of the levels of LbrCS and LbrCβS activity alter parasite resistance to antimonials and may influence the efficacy of antimony treatment of New World leishmaniasis. "
3.	Leishmaniasis 06/01/2012 - "For over 60 years, pentavalent antimony (Sb(v)) has been the first-line treatment of leishmaniasis. " 03/01/2012 - "Although various systemic and topical treatments have been proposed for leishmaniasis, pentavalent Antimony compounds remain the first-line treatment for it. " 12/01/2011 - "Drugs based on pentavalent antimony are first-line treatment of the parasite disease leishmaniasis. " 12/01/2007 - "Using operational clinical and cost data, we calculated that the cost of treating leishmaniasis patients with standard pentavalent antimony was US$345 (95% CI 277-488) per patient treated and cured. " 02/24/1996 - "A study was carried out in dogs to define the pharmacokinetic profile of antimony and to define a better therapeutic protocol for the treatment of canine leishmaniasis. "
4.	Infection 09/15/2015 - "Infection with antimony-resistant Leishmania donovani (Sb(R)LD) induces aggressive pathology in the mammalian hosts as compared with ones with antimony-sensitive L. " 02/01/2015 - "Antimony resistance complicates the treatment of infections caused by the parasite Leishmania. " 01/01/2013 - "While sCD40L and MMP-9 were not observed in sera from non endemic controls which are at low risk of Leishmania chagasi infection, elevated levels were observed in sera from VL patients, and an increase in sCD40L and MMP-9 levels were detectable during the follow-up of VL patients undergoing antimony treatment. " 10/01/2012 - "Paired sera from 23 subjects with CL resulting from Leishmania braziliensis infection were studied during the active lesion phase (aCL) and after clinical cure post-therapy (hCL), which included an alternative protocol with a low dose of antimony. " 04/01/2011 - "We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to examine the role of early versus deferred treatment of intestinal helminth infection on the clinical course of patients with CL treated with pentavalent antimony. "
5.	Coma (Comas) 04/01/1990 - "The measuring properties of antimony electrodes were improved by the introduction of highly purified crystallographically oriented monocrystalline antimony (COMA). " 05/01/1997 - "Although, the pH resolution is improved by using highly purified crystallographically oriented monocrystalline antimony (COMA), the oxygen effect on the electrode remains. " 05/01/1997 - "In an in vitro examination of the COMA electrode it was found that the oxygen dependence is similar to that of polycrystalline antimony, i.e. " 01/01/1995 - "Monocrystalline antimony electrodes (crystallographically oriented monocrystalline antimony; COMA) are known to be sensitive to oxygen and to pH. Accordingly, it has been shown that COMA electrodes can be used for the measurement of tissue oxygen tension provided the pH remains constant or is accounted for by the simultaneous use of a glass electrode. " 01/01/2000 - "An electrode of purified, crystallographically orientated monocrystalline antimony (COMA) connected to a reference electrode (silver-silver chloride) was used for the P measurements. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Sodium
2.	gluconic acid (gluconate)
3.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)
4.	Pentamidine (NebuPent)
5.	liposomal amphotericin B
6.	Interferon-gamma (Interferon, gamma)
7.	Colloids (Colloid)
8.	Paromomycin (Paromomycin Sulfate)
9.	Bismuth
10.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Electrodes (Electrode)
2.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold)
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Intravenous Injections
5.	Intramuscular Injections