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Immunotoxins (Immunotoxin)

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Semisynthetic conjugates of various toxic molecules, including RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES and bacterial or plant toxins, with specific immune substances such as IMMUNOGLOBULINS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; and ANTIGENS. The antitumor or antiviral immune substance carries the toxin to the tumor or infected cell where the toxin exerts its poisonous effect.

Also Known As:

Immunotoxin; Affinotoxins; Chimeric Toxin; Monoclonal Antibody-Toxin Conjugates; Toxin Carrier; Toxin Conjugate; Antibody Toxin Conjugates; Antibody Toxin Hybrids; Antibody-Toxin Conjugates, Monoclonal; Carrier, Toxin; Carriers, Toxin; Conjugate, Toxin; Conjugates, Antibody-Toxin; Conjugates, Cytotoxin-Antibody; Conjugates, Monoclonal Antibody-Toxin; Conjugates, Toxin; Conjugates, Toxin-Antibody; Cytotoxin Antibody Conjugates; Hybrids, Antibody-Toxin; Hybrids, Toxin-Antibody; Monoclonal Antibody Toxin Conjugates; Toxin Antibody Conjugates; Toxin Antibody Hybrids; Toxin, Chimeric; Antibody-Toxin Conjugates; Antibody-Toxin Hybrids; Chimeric Toxins; Cytotoxin-Antibody Conjugates; Targeted Toxins; Toxin Carriers; Toxin Conjugates; Toxin-Antibody Conjugates; Toxin-Antibody Hybrids; Toxins, Chimeric; Toxins, Targeted

Networked: 1365 relevant articles (174 outcomes, 206 trials/studies)

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Pastan, Ira: 86 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Kreitman, Robert J: 40 articles (11/2014 - 02/2002)
3.	Hassan, Raffit: 33 articles (12/2015 - 11/2002)
4.	Onda, Masanori: 21 articles (06/2014 - 06/2002)
5.	Fuchs, Hendrik: 19 articles (10/2015 - 01/2003)
6.	Xiang, Laiman: 17 articles (12/2015 - 08/2006)
7.	Puri, Raj K: 16 articles (09/2015 - 05/2003)
8.	Hall, Walter A: 14 articles (10/2015 - 02/2003)
9.	Vallera, Daniel A: 14 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
10.	Barth, Stefan: 13 articles (12/2015 - 10/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/2009 - "Inhibition of tumor growth by targeted toxins in mice is dramatically improved by saponinum album in a synergistic way." 01/01/2002 - "Generally, immunotoxins are specifically potent against cancer cells in vitro and in animal models of human malignancies. " 06/15/1994 - "Anti-Tac(Fab)-PE40, a recombinant double-chain immunotoxin which kills interleukin-2-receptor-bearing cells and induces complete remission in an in vivo tumor model." 12/15/1990 - "Immunotoxins are potent cell-killing agents that may be useful in the treatment of cancer. " 09/01/2008 - "Continuous efforts are being made (i) to investigate molecules exclusively expressed on cancer cells, (ii) to improve the specificity and efficacy of these immunotoxins, (iii) to eliminate side effects (iv) to decrease immunogenicity and (v) to improve pharmacokinetics and ensure better drug delivery."
2.	Leukemia 12/01/1995 - "In this study, we examined the antileukemic efficacy of the B43 (anti-CD19)-pokeweed antiviral protein (B43-PAP) immunotoxin against radiation-resistant BCP leukemia cells. " 04/01/2002 - "Improved cytotoxic activity toward cell lines and fresh leukemia cells of a mutant anti-CD22 immunotoxin obtained by antibody phage display." 05/01/1984 - "Thy 1.2+ leukemia cells eradicated from in vitro leukemia-bone marrow cell mixtures by antibody-toxin conjugates." 01/01/1992 - "Clinical trials using PAP immunotoxins for the treatment of leukemia have been particularly encouraging." 06/10/2014 - "Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are potent anticancer agents that have produced many complete remissions in leukemia, but immunogenicity limits the number of doses that can be given to patients with normal immune systems. "
3.	Lymphoma (Lymphomas) 03/01/1985 - "The immunotoxin was not very toxic to pluripotent stem cells; less than 50% of the stem cells were lost under conditions where 5.6 logs of clonogenic lymphoma cells were eliminated from a 100-fold excess of normal marrow cells. " 10/15/1997 - "The patient successfully underwent immunotoxin therapy for lymphoma and has been in remission for 36 months. " 02/01/1991 - "Immunotoxin treatment of leukaemias and lymphomas is also showing promise with clinical responses being observed. " 10/01/1992 - "Several studies treating patients with refractory lymphoma with immunotoxins reported encouraging results but significant production of anti-mouse or anti-toxin antibody. " 12/01/2009 - "The ATG-saporin-S6 immunotoxin showed a strong cytotoxic effect on five lymphoma- and leukaemia-derived cell lines as well as on activated lymphocytes while sparing non-haematological cell lines. "
4.	Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) 05/01/2000 - "Immunotoxins against CD19 and CD22 are effective in killing precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro." 12/15/1998 - "Host-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity contributes to the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of an anti-CD7-saporin immunotoxin in a severe combined immunodeficient mouse model of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia." 01/01/1994 - "Immunotoxin studies in a model of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed in severe combined immune-deficient mice." 11/01/2013 - "Methylation of the DPH1 promoter causes immunotoxin resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line KOPN-8." 02/01/1998 - "B43(anti-CD19)-PAP immunotoxin is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in CD19+ B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and causes apoptosis. "
5.	Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme) 10/01/2003 - "DTAT was highly effective against tumor cells cultured from glioblastoma multiforme patients and in vitro mixing experiments combining DTAT with DTIL13 another highly effective anti-glioblastoma agent showed that the mixture was as toxic as the most potent immunotoxin. " 01/01/2014 - "Efficacy of antiangiogenic targeted immunotoxin DTAT and DTATEGF against glioblastoma multiforme." 01/01/2006 - "Efficacy of antiangiogenic targeted toxins against glioblastoma multiforme." 10/01/2011 - "Targeted toxins for glioblastoma multiforme: pre-clinical studies and clinical implementation." 10/01/2012 - "The immunotoxin IT-87 could especially kill the U87 MG glioblastoma cell line, the targets of the parent antibody, in vitro; however, the IT-87 could not kill Rajicells. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Ricin
2.	Antigens
3.	Exotoxins
4.	Antibodies
5.	Immunotoxins (Immunotoxin)
6.	Immunoconjugates (Immunoconjugate)
7.	Monoclonal Antibodies
8.	Transferrin (beta 2 Transferrin)
9.	saporin
10.	Transferrin Receptors (Transferrin Receptor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
4.	Immunotherapy
5.	Transplants (Transplant)