Olfaction Disorders (Anosmia)

Loss of or impaired ability to smell. This may be caused by OLFACTORY NERVE DISEASES; PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES; viral RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SMOKING; and other conditions.

Also Known As:

Networked: 385 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 25 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Sneezing
2.	Dysgeusia (Parageusia)
3.	Rhinitis
4.	Pruritus (Itching)
5.	Polyps

Experts

1.	Pitteloud, Nelly: 13 articles (09/2015 - 09/2002)
2.	Raivio, Taneli: 7 articles (09/2015 - 02/2007)
3.	Young, Jacques: 7 articles (09/2015 - 01/2005)
4.	Dwyer, Andrew: 7 articles (10/2011 - 09/2002)
5.	Crowley, William F: 7 articles (06/2010 - 09/2002)
6.	Quinton, Richard: 6 articles (09/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Dodé, Catherine: 6 articles (09/2015 - 01/2005)
8.	Hardelin, Jean-Pierre: 6 articles (09/2015 - 01/2005)
9.	de Roux, Nicolas: 6 articles (09/2015 - 11/2004)
10.	Plummer, Lacey: 5 articles (08/2015 - 02/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Olfaction Disorders:

1.	ZincIBA 05/01/2015 - "To study the effects of zinc and steroid in the treatment of traumatic anosmia. " 05/30/2013 - "Anosmia did not interfere with the anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil inhalation in the marble-burying test at concentrations of 2.5% (number of marbles buried: vehicle, 4.7±1.0; zinc, 6.2±2.2; p>0.10) and 5% (number of marbles buried: vehicle, 3.4±0.8; zinc, 4.3±0.9; p>0.10). " 05/30/2013 - "Anosmia was induced by irrigating the nasal cavity with zinc gluconate+zinc acetate so that the mice could not detect odors in the olfactory discrimination test. " 04/15/2013 - "Here, we compared the nocturnal versus diurnal homing schedule of birds treated with zinc sulphate (to induce a reversible but complete anosmia) with that of controls. " 07/01/2010 - "The Bradford Hill criteria and zinc-induced anosmia: a causality analysis."
2.	HormonesIBA 09/01/2014 - "Experiments 3-5, which examined sensory regulation of the effect, indicated that olfaction (anosmia), audition (blockade with white noise), and somatosensation (trimming the vibrissae) appear to play little role in the behavioral enhancement observed in the LACTs; Experiment 6 examined the possibility that visual augmentations may facilitate the improvements in predation; testing LACTs in a 0-lux environment eliminated the behavioral advantage (increasing their latencies from -65s to -212s), which suggests that temporary augmentation to the visual system may be important, and with hormone-neural alterations therein a likely candidate for further study. " 05/01/1999 - "A sibship is described where the brother and a sister both have Kallmann's syndrome (anosmia and deficiency of gonadotrophin releasing hormone) and the woman also has streak ovaries. " 09/01/1979 - "Effect of D-leucine-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia." 11/01/1996 - "Finally the role that genes play on neuronal migration and in guiding the axons to reach their targets have been identified in patients with Kallmann syndrome, a migrational disorder of olfactory axons and hypothalamic gonadotropic hormone-releasing hormone with absent gene at Xp22.3 locus manifested by anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism." 03/01/2010 - "Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome) or with normal sense of smell is a heterogeneous genetic disorder caused by defects in the synthesis, secretion and action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). "
3.	SteroidsIBA 09/01/2008 - "Dividing up the patients into those suffering from a steroid-responsive anosmia (SRA) and those without benefit from initial systemic steroids (non-SRA), the topical treatment led to a significant difference between the two groups with benefit toward the non-SRA group (P < .001). " 09/01/2008 - "The use of steroids either systemically or topically is known as a common therapy in patients with anosmia. " 12/01/2003 - "Protocol 1. Twenty-four patients with NPS who complained about anosmia were treated with a 7-days course of systemic steroids. " 05/01/1987 - "In steroid-dependent anosmia (nasal polyps, inhalant allergy, anosmia), high doses of steroids will temporarily restore the sense of smell, a diagnostic test. " 09/01/2008 - "In our study, we for the first time evaluated the additional effect of a topical therapy not only with steroids but also with antibiotics after conventional pretreatment with oral steroids and propose the steroid-responsiveness of an anosmia as a prognostic factor. "
4.	caroverine (P-201)IBA 12/01/2002 - "These results indicate that caroverine appears to be effective for the treatment of non-conductive smell disorders." 12/01/2002 - "The quinoxaline derivative caroverine in the treatment of sensorineural smell disorders: a proof-of-concept study."
5.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2013 - "Anosmia with asthma and nasal polyposis raises suspicion for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). " 02/01/2004 - "On the other hand, compared with normal leukotrienuria in the patients with ATA, hyperleukotrienuria in the patients with ATA was associated with severe asthma and chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CHRS/NP), which are well-known symptoms of the aspirin triad, as well as hypereosinophilia and anosmia. " 05/01/2013 - "A 50-year-old woman with nonallergic rhinitis, asthma, and aspirin intolerance presented with worsening symptoms of nasal congestion, purulent drainage, and anosmia. " 01/01/2007 - "In contrast, CRS with NP patients are more likely to have male gender, anosmia/hyposmia, a history of prior sinus surgery, asthma and aspirin sensitivity, allergy to house dust mite, and AFRS. " 01/01/1995 - "The combined treatment of topical nasal steroids and aspirin-desensitization is effective in 65% of the patients with improvement in the symptoms of hyper-secretion, irritation and blockage, while 73% show improvement of polyps, hyposmia and anosmia. "
6.	Triamcinolone (Aristocort)FDA Link 03/01/2014 - "The effect of an absorbable gelatin dressing impregnated with triamcinolone within the olfactory cleft on polypoid rhinosinusitis smell disorders." 01/01/2010 - "Although TNSS including sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, congestion-but not anosmia-significantly improved in both groups, intranasal azelastine reduced ocular symptoms greatly compared with intranasal triamcinolone (p = 0.05). "
7.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1992 - "On day 3 of oral prednisolone (PD), anosmia abruptly improved from day 7, eyelid swelling, cervical lymphadenopathy and gammopathy subsided gradually. " 09/01/1992 - "Bilateral anosmia and other disease manifestations completely responded to treatment with oral cyclophosphamide and prednisolone."
8.	Silver NitrateIBA 09/01/1980 - "One patient who had good relief from allergic rhinitis developed anosmia after this treatment and some patients experienced transient sneezing and rhinorrhoea after the application of silver nitrate. "
9.	Methimazole (Thiamazole)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1999 - "These results indicate that methimazole is not a particularly effective olfactotoxin and does not produce anosmia or even a severe hyposmia."
10.	TegafurIBA 06/01/1986 - "Anosmia improved in 9 of 17 patients (52.9%), and the recovery period was between 3 and 42 months after the manifestation, and between 1 and 35 months after discontinuation of FT-207. " 06/01/1986 - "[Anosmia or hyposmia after long-term oral administration of tegafur--improved anosmia]." 06/01/1986 - "Seventeen patients who manifested anosmia or hyposmia after long-oral administration of Tegafur (FT-207) in postoperative chemotherapy for cancer were followed up. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ganglionectomy 12/01/1975 - "Pinealectomy, superior cervical ganglionectomy and nervi conarii transection were equally effective in reversing the effects of blinding and anosmia on LRH activity." 05/19/1986 - "Female rats were subjected to superior cervical ganglionectomy (Gx), blinding and anosmia (BAs) or combined procedures (BAsGx). " 01/01/1985 - "The role of the pineal in regulating the oncogenic processes was explored in Sprague-Dawley female rats by comparing incidence and growth of mammary tumors in animals subjected to superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) or blinding and anosmia (BAs) with that of intact rats treated with 7-12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). "
2.	Surgical Instruments (Clip) 03/01/2009 - "Anosmia had improved over time in 3 of the clip-treated patients and in all but 1 of the patients with SAH. " 03/01/2009 - "Both clip treatment and SAH contribute to the occurrence of anosmia, with different chances of improvement. " 03/01/2009 - "Nine clip-treated patients (28% [95% CI 14-47%]) in the unruptured group reported having anosmia, and no coil-treated patient in the unruptured group (95% [CI 0-13%]) reported having anosmia; in the SAH group, 7 patients (22% [95% CI 9-40%]) reported having anosmia. " 03/01/2009 - "In 20 patients who underwent clip therapy for unruptured aneurysms, 19 (95% [95% CI 75-100%]) had olfactory dysfunction on the side ipsilateral to surgery (anosmia reported by 8 of them). "
3.	Oral Administration 06/01/1986 - "[Anosmia or hyposmia after long-term oral administration of tegafur--improved anosmia]." 06/01/1986 - "Seventeen patients who manifested anosmia or hyposmia after long-oral administration of Tegafur (FT-207) in postoperative chemotherapy for cancer were followed up. "
4.	Laryngectomy 06/01/1985 - "Previous studies of nasal function after laryngectomy have suggested that patients must accept complete and irreversible anosmia as an inevitable consequence of the operation, and that this is due to interruption of a poorly defined neuronal interaction between larynx and nose. " 10/01/2006 - "Overcoming anosmia following total laryngectomy." 07/01/2005 - "It shows various degree of hyposmia and anosmia in the cases after total laryngectomy with or without tracheoesophageal fistula voice reconstruction, with significant deference (P < 0.01) compared to the normal person respectively. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2013 - "During radiation and chemotherapy for 2 years, he complained of perineal pain, discharge, cacosmia and bleeding from a recurrent tumor. " 06/01/2012 - "A randomized, placebo controlled trial of oral zinc for chemotherapy-related taste and smell disorders." 06/01/1986 - "Seventeen patients who manifested anosmia or hyposmia after long-oral administration of Tegafur (FT-207) in postoperative chemotherapy for cancer were followed up. "