Variant Angina Pectoris (Prinzmetal's Angina)

A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.

Also Known As:

Networked: 162 relevant articles (19 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Spasm (Spasms)
2.	Unstable Angina
3.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
4.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
5.	Coronary Vasospasm (Coronary Artery Vasospasm)

Experts

1.	Jeong, Myung Ho: 2 articles (09/2013 - 11/2010)
2.	Hong, Young Joon: 2 articles (09/2013 - 11/2010)
3.	Ahn, Youngkeun: 2 articles (09/2013 - 11/2010)
4.	Wang, Ping: 2 articles (07/2013 - 03/2010)
5.	Glueck, Charles J: 2 articles (07/2013 - 03/2010)
6.	Bramlage, Karin: 1 article (04/2015)
7.	Tebbe, Ulrich: 1 article (04/2015)
8.	Machalke, Kathrin: 1 article (04/2015)
9.	Bramlage, Peter: 1 article (04/2015)
10.	Evola, Salvatore: 1 article (01/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Variant Angina Pectoris:

1.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1979 - "In consideration of the statisically significant reduction in the number of anginal attacks per day, p less than 0.001, together with the non-significant mean changes in blood pressure and pulse rate as well as the compatibility with the other drugs, it is concluded that nifedipine is a very useful drug, in a dose range of 30--120 mg per day, for the treatment of Prinzmetal's Angina. " 06/04/1990 - "Thus, both ISDN and nifedipine, in their slow-release formulations, are effective in the treatment of variant angina pectoris." 06/01/1979 - "Nifedipine is a non-nitrate vasodilator which has proved effective, in oral form, in Europe, Japan, and the USA for treatment of Prinzmetal Angina. " 01/01/1978 - "A case is described in which nifedipine, a new coronary vasodilator, was effective in relieving attacks of Prinzmetal's angina unresponsive to conventional therapy. " 09/01/1991 - "Efficacy of slow-release nifedipine on myocardial ischemic episodes in variant angina pectoris."
2.	Diltiazem (Cardizem)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1982 - "We conclude that diltiazem is an effective and safe agent for control of symptoms of Prinzmetal's angina." 02/01/1983 - "The short and long-term efficacy of diltiazem for the treatment of variant angina pectoris." 02/01/1982 - "Multiclinic controlled trial of diltiazem for Prinzmetal's angina." 08/01/1981 - "Oral diltiazem is being used increasingly in the treatment of Prinzmetal's angina. " 01/01/2007 - "This study suggests that benidipine may be helpful in Japanese patients with vasospastic or variant angina pectoris, if diltiazem was not successful."
3.	CalciumIBA 11/01/1995 - "Effect of calcium antagonists in variant or Prinzmetal angina." 11/01/1989 - "[Various clinical and vasomotor coronary responses to calcium block in mixed angina and Prinzmetal's angina, expression of various physiopathologic mechanisms]." 08/15/1986 - "The techniques used for acquiring artifact-free signals, the methods of data analysis and the clinical role of ambulatory Holter monitoring of ST-segment changes in the diagnosis of Prinzmetal's angina, in chronic stable angina and in the detection of calcium antagonist withdrawal syndrome in angina are discussed. " 01/01/1976 - "[Calcium antagonists in Prinzmetals angina]." 12/01/1989 - "Calcium antagonists in the treatment of Prinzmetal's angina and unstable angina pectoris."
4.	Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil)FDA LinkGeneric 05/23/1981 - "A history of Prinzmetal angina pectoris is usually present and medical treatment consists in administration of nifedipin and isosorbide dinitrate." 09/08/1989 - "The efficacy of Isoket 120 mg and Adalat Retard 2 x 20 mg daily in the treatment of patients with active variant angina pectoris was comparable in our study. " 06/04/1990 - "The antianginal and anti-ischemic effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 120 mg once daily, and nifedipine, 20 mg twice daily, both in slow-release formulations, were compared in 17 patients with variant angina pectoris in a randomized, double-blind trial. " 06/04/1990 - "Randomized double-blind comparison of isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine in variant angina pectoris." 09/08/1989 - "[Comparison of isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine in the treatment of variant angina pectoris. "
5.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 04/09/1981 - "We conclude that verapamil is safe and effective in the therapy of variant angina pectoris." 04/09/1981 - "To assess the efficacy and safety of verapamil in variant angina pectoris, we entered 16 patients in a double-blind, randomized trial of nine months, duration. " 05/08/1981 - "Verapamil administration in variant angina pectoris. " 05/10/1980 - "[Prolonged diastolic cardiac arrest during coronary angiography in a patient with Prinzmetal's angina under verapamil treatment. " 09/01/1981 - "Verapamil therapy in variant angina pectoris refractory to nitrates."
6.	benidipineIBA 01/01/2007 - "This study suggests that benidipine may be helpful in Japanese patients with vasospastic or variant angina pectoris, if diltiazem was not successful."
7.	nilvadipine (Escor)IBA 11/01/1988 - "Our findings show that nilvadipine is effective for variant angina pectoris at doses of 4 mg twice a day." 11/01/1988 - "The clinical effect of nilvadipine, a new calcium antagonist, was investigated in a single blind trial in 19 patients with variant angina pectoris. " 11/01/1988 - "Effect of a new calcium antagonist, nilvadipine, on variant angina pectoris evaluated by 24-hour Holter electrocardiography."
8.	Ergonovine (Ergometrine)IBA 02/13/2001 - "Ergonovine maleate and beta-blockers for Prinzmetal's angina." 02/28/2000 - "[Ergometrine provocative test for diagnosing variant angina pectoris]." 12/01/1985 - "During Ergonovine-test a patient with Prinzmetal angina presented (in I, aVL, V3-V6) ST downsloping which, after a temporary phase of alternative normalization (AST) beat to beat in V5, progressed to ST upsloping with typical angina. " 05/01/1982 - "It is concluded that ergonovine in dogs causes an epicardial coronary artery constriction comparable to the diffuse coronary artery narrowing in men not suffering from variant angina pectoris. " 01/01/1982 - "[Use of the ergonovine test for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of Prinzmetal's angina]."
9.	Calcium Channels (Calcium Channel)IBA 09/01/1996 - "There are a number of cardiovascular conditions in which calcium channel antagonists (CCAs) are accepted as first-line therapy, including Prinzmetal's angina and Raynaud's phenomenon. " 01/01/1997 - "Current views about the role of calcium channel antagonists in treatment of vasospastic angina pectoris, in particular Prinzmetal's angina, have been discussed. " 09/01/2014 - "The incidence of Prinzmetal angina is much lower then 50 years ago for many reasons including treatment with calcium channel blocks to treat hypertension and ischemia heart disease and the decrease of smoking habits." 11/01/1989 - "For these purposes we investigated the acute vasomotor response to calcium channel blockade (nifedipine 10 mg sl) of both significant (greater than 50%) stenotic lesions and of normal coronary vessels in 22 patients with mixed angina and in 14 patients with Prinzmetal angina, and correlated it with the clinical response to treatment (nifedipine 20 mg qid). " 05/15/1989 - "To test whether calcium channel blockade plays a similar role in the coronary vasomotion of patients with syndrome X (n = 29) and patients with Prinzmetal's angina pectoris (n = 12), quantitative angiography was used to evaluate the effect of nifedipine (10 mg, sublingually) on the lumen diameter of proximal, mid and distal thirds of normal epicardial branches. "
10.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1978 - "[Treatment of severe and syncopal Prinzmetal's angina by intravenous or oral amiodarone (author's transl)]." 04/23/1976 - "[Beneficial effects of injectable amiodarone on syncope in Prinzmetal's angina]." 01/01/1982 - "Efficacy of chronic amiodarone therapy in patients with variant angina pectoris and inhibition of ergonovine coronary constriction." 12/01/1984 - "[Comparative study of the treatment of Prinzmetal's angina with beta-blockers, amiodarone or calcium antagonists. " 03/01/1982 - "In 10 cases of Prinzmetal's angina in which episodes of myocardial ischemia were easily and reproducibly induced by hyperventilation, this test was performed 111 times, 41 times under control conditions and 70 times during treatment with one or more of the following drugs: phentolamine, isosorbide dinitrate, propranolol, verapamil, nifedipine and amiodarone. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 11/01/1985 - "Surgical treatment of medically refractory variant angina pectoris: segmental coronary resection with aortocoronary bypass and plexectomy." 05/01/1982 - "[Surgical treatment of Prinzmetal's angina pectoris by plexectomy associated with aortocoronary bypass. " 01/01/1979 - "Recurrence of Prinzmetal angina seven years following aortocoronary bypass surgery: a clinical and angiographic follow-up." 10/07/1978 - "Successful coronary artery bypass surgery in an 80-year old man with Prinzmetal's angina." 03/04/1978 - "[Prinzmetal's angina: urgency of aortocoronary bypass]."
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 11/01/1975 - "A case of Prinzmetal angina occurred in a recipient of a cadaver kidney transplant who was treated with aortocoronary vein graft. " 10/01/2005 - "Here we describe the two patients with life-threatening, medically intractable Prinzmetal's angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries, both of whom underwent coronary-artery-bypass surgery with the internal-mammary-artery (IMA) graft. " 03/01/1983 - "The relatively poorer results obtained after aorto-coronary by pass grafting carried out in patients with Prinzmetal angina may be due to recurrence of spasm despite the grafts. " 01/01/1981 - "Early coronary graft thrombosis following surgery for Prinzmetal's angina: treatment with nifedipine and thrombolysis."
3.	Sympathectomy (Sympathectomies) 11/01/1983 - "Partial sympathetic denervation for variant angina pectoris." 11/01/1982 - "[Treatment of Prinzmetal's angina with normal coronary vessels by thoracic sympathectomy]." 02/01/1977 - "Sympathetic denervation in association with coronary artery grafting in patients with Prinzmetals' angina."
4.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 07/01/2009 - "Indication for defibrillator implantation in a patient with Prinzmetal's angina and syncopes." 01/01/1999 - "The description of the case of 35 years old patient with paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation in a course of Prinzmetal angina pectoris treated unsuccessfully with antiarrhythmic drugs who required implantation of cardioverter/defibrillator. "
5.	Thrombolytic Therapy 03/16/1997 - "Two patients had exercise-induced Q waves, one patient had right bundle branche block-dependent Q waves, one patient had transient Q waves after thrombolytic therapy and one patient had transient Q waves caused by Prinzmetal angina. " 01/01/1989 - "Furthermore, initiation of thrombolytic therapy may be problematic if begun in patients with events mimicking AMI, particularly aortic dissection or Prinzmetal's angina."