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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (Cold Agglutinin Disease)

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Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.

Also Known As:

Cold Agglutinin Disease; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia; Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia; Agglutinin Disease, Cold; Agglutinin Diseases, Cold; Anemia, Autoimmune Hemolytic; Anemias, Autoimmune Hemolytic; Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias; Cold Agglutinin Diseases; Disease, Cold Agglutinin; Diseases, Cold Agglutinin; Hemolytic Anemias, Autoimmune; Anemia, Hemolytic, Idiopathic Acquired; Hemolytic Anemia, Autoimmune

Networked: 1264 relevant articles (76 outcomes, 42 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Autoimmune)
2.	Thrombocytopenia (Thrombopenia)
3.	Thrombocytopenic Purpura (Thrombopenic Purpura)
4.	Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (Macroglobulinemia)
5.	Multiple Myeloma

Experts

1.	Garratty, George: 8 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Izui, Shozo: 7 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)
3.	Barcellini, Wilma: 6 articles (10/2015 - 04/2012)
4.	Berentsen, Sigbjørn: 6 articles (09/2015 - 04/2004)
5.	Kamesaki, Toyomi: 6 articles (07/2015 - 02/2009)
6.	Wouters, Diana: 5 articles (11/2015 - 02/2013)
7.	Godeau, Bertrand: 5 articles (08/2015 - 07/2004)
8.	Michel, Marc: 5 articles (08/2015 - 07/2004)
9.	Zaja, Francesco: 5 articles (12/2013 - 02/2002)
10.	Shvidel, Lev: 5 articles (05/2013 - 07/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:

1.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 02/01/2008 - "Rituximab is the best treatment for cold agglutinin disease. " 07/01/2011 - "We report a patient who successfully responded to rituximab for a cold agglutinin disease refractory to conventional therapy with very good tolerance and a complete remission. " 02/01/2005 - "We report herein the successful use of rituximab in the treatment of two patients with idiopathic refractory warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, who are still in remission at 15 and 9 months following treatment." 10/01/2003 - "Successful induction and maintenance of long-term remission in a child with chronic relapsing autoimmune hemolytic anemia using rituximab." 10/01/2015 - "As regards cold agglutinin disease, rituximab is now recommended as first-line treatment. "
2.	AutoantibodiesIBA 01/01/2009 - "In these latter cases, the drug affects the immune system, causing production of red cell (RBC) autoantibodies; the clinical and laboratory findings are identical to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), other than the remission associated with discontinuing the drug. " 12/01/2011 - "The spontaneous appearance of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies resulting in autoimmune hemolytic anemia described in NZB mice more than 40 years ago provided a model for the study of mechanisms behind the loss of self-tolerance. " 07/01/2009 - "Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) diagnosed after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion determined us to undertake this study and investigate the incidence and clinical significance of autoantibodies occurring after transfusion by a retrospective review of blood bank and medical records. " 01/01/2006 - "To study the clinical characteristics of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with both warm and cold autoantibodies. " 06/20/1981 - "The presentation of cold agglutinin disease is much more variable than has been seen in previous studies, haemolysis due to low titre autoantibodies being common. "
3.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 02/01/1987 - "[Analytical studies on red blood cell autoantibody and platelet-associated IgG in autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Evans' syndrome]." 11/01/2015 - "This also included all tested patients with only IgG and C3 on their erythrocytes, who would previously have been classified as having an IgG-only mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia. " 03/01/2015 - "This is a very rare case of WM initially presenting as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immunethrombocytopenia associated with IgG class auto-antibody. " 01/01/2015 - "Fatal autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to immunoglobulin g autoantibody exacerbated by epstein-barr virus." 01/15/2014 - "Using a murine model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we defined the contribution of galactosylation or sialylation to the pathogenic activity of IgG1 and IgG2a anti-erythrocyte class-switch variants of 34-3C monoclonal autoantibody. "
4.	Inosine Triphosphate (ITP)IBA 01/01/2001 - "A diagnosis of mixed-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) associated with ITP was made. " 03/01/1990 - "A 25-years-old male, who had been diagnosed as ITP and treated at another hospital, was admitted in this hospital recently complaining of disseminated bullous-vesicular eruptions on the whole body and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. " 04/02/2009 - "To determine whether inhibition of Syk would be useful in FcgammaR-dependent cytopenias such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or autoimmune hemolytic anemia, mouse models were used to evaluate efficacy of R406, an inhibitor of Syk function, in treating cytopenia. " 10/01/2015 - "Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia with mimicking anti-e specificity causing intravascular hemolysis in a chronic ITP patient." 01/01/2015 - "The definition of ES was restricted to the simultaneous or sequential association of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). "
5.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 07/15/2002 - "To determine the safety and efficacy of high-dose cyclophosphamide among patients with severe refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we treated 9 patients with cyclophosphamide (50 mg. kg(-1). " 09/01/2001 - "Intermittent high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy can be an effective treatment for refractory cold agglutinin disease." 12/01/2014 - "Pulse cyclophosphamide therapy in refractory warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia: a new perspective." 07/15/2002 - "High-dose cyclophosphamide was well tolerated and induced durable remissions in patients with severe refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia." 07/15/2002 - "High-dose cyclophosphamide for refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia."
6.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 11/01/2015 - "In recent years, several complement inhibitors have become available in the clinic, some of them with proven efficacy in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. " 06/01/1972 - "V. studies on the resistance against complement haemolysis of the red cells of patients with chronic cold agglutinin disease." 11/01/2015 - "In the present review, we give a short introduction on the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, followed by an overview on the complement system with a special focus on its regulation. " 09/01/2015 - "Currently, complement modulation is not clinically documented in any autoimmune hemolytic anemia. " 09/01/2015 - "In cold agglutinin disease, efficient therapies have been developed in order to target the pathogenic B-cell clone, but complement modulation remains promising in some clinical situations. "
7.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 12/01/1993 - "Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: results in 73 patients." 02/01/2013 - "Direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-negative (DAT-)autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is empirically thought to show the same clinical conditions as DAT-positive (DAT+)AIHA, with the exception of an adequate amount of red blood cell (RBC)-bound immunoglobulin (Ig)G. " 11/01/2012 - "We also discuss intravenous immunoglobulin infusions as a therapy for children with this form of severe chronic autoimmune hemolytic anemia." 12/01/2011 - "About 2-10% of patients with warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) exhibit a negative direct Coombs test (DAT), requiring more sensitive tests, including detection of RBC-bound immunoglobulins by flow cytometry, for diagnosis. " 01/01/2000 - "Quantitative ELISA may be useful for determining the amount of red blood cell (RBC)-associated immunoglobulins (Igs) in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). "
8.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2010 - "One patient became ZAP-70-negative during treatment with prednisone for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. " 01/31/1959 - "[Prednisone in autoimmune hemolytic anemias: clinical and serological aspects]." 05/01/1985 - "Splenectomy in 52 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia resulted in an excellent response in 64% (no further steroid therapy) and an improved status in another 21% (prednisone requirements, 15 mg/day or less). " 04/01/2015 - "During a recent hospitalization for dyspnea, she had been diagnosed with Coombs-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia and had been taking a tapering dose of prednisone starting approximately 6 weeks prior to admission. " 04/01/2014 - "A 9-month-old boy with life-threatening multiresistant pure red cell anemia/autoimmune hemolytic anemia within the frame of a possible, undiagnosed immune-mediated disease was initially treated with prednisone. "
9.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 11/01/2015 - "Coexistence of Immunoglobulin M Nephropathy and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: 2 Rare Entities." 11/01/2015 - "Therapy of IgM-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia mainly aims to decrease autoantibody production. " 11/01/2015 - "In conclusion, complement activation in autoimmune hemolytic anemia is mostly IgM-mediated and the presence of covalent C3 on patients' erythrocytes can be taken as a footprint of the presence of anti-erythrocyte IgM. " 08/01/2015 - "Warm-reactive IgM autoimmune hemolytic anemia is uncommon and carries a poor prognosis in adults. " 06/15/2014 - "The N-glycosylation dependent autoepitopes that emerge on erythrocytes lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and the causative auto-IgM cross-reacts with naive T cells despite the lack of glycan change on T cells. "
10.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2011 - "The patient was given prednisolone after which she had complete remission of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and stabilization of her pulmonary status. " 06/01/2007 - "This study indicates that oral prednisolone is an effective therapy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. " 01/01/2013 - "With a diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), prednisolone was started but was ineffective after 1 month of therapy. " 05/01/2012 - "The patient had been taking prednisolone at 20 mg a day for autoimmune hemolytic anemia for 14 years. " 10/01/2008 - "She had been diagnosed as having autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) eight years earlier and was successfully managed with oral prednisolone. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Splenectomy 03/01/2004 - "We conclude that laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and effective treatment for autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with CLL who fail medical therapy." 05/12/1989 - "[Remission of cold agglutinin disease following splenectomy]." 05/01/2011 - "None of the three patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia had any response to the splenectomy. " 03/01/2008 - "32 years ago, the patient suffered the splenectomy, from a severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. " 06/30/2006 - "Thereafter, laparoscopic splenectomy was performed because her autoimmune hemolytic anemia was refractory and dependent on steroid therapy. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 07/01/2000 - "Furthermore, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune phenomena, and hyalinizing glomerular renal disease of New Zealand Black (NZB) mice were prevented or cured by stem cell transplants using purified stem cells from MHC-matched DBA/2 donors or NZB donors. " 06/01/2015 - "The incidence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell recipients post-first and post-second hematopoietic stem cell transplant." 01/01/2012 - "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pediatric liver or combined liver and small bowel transplant patients: a case series and review of the literature." 11/01/2001 - "We further hypothesize that the underlying mechanism of autoimmune hemolytic anemia is related to the passenger B lymphocytes in the graft." 11/01/2001 - "Severe Coombs'-negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a kidney transplant patient."
3.	Plasma Exchange 06/01/2010 - "A life-threatening case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia successfully treated by plasma-exchange." 11/01/2007 - "The proper role of therapeutic plasma exchange in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia remains uncertain. " 11/01/2007 - "Therapeutic plasma exchange continues to be reported sporadically in severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia, with inconsistent results. " 01/01/1999 - "We report the smallest infant (7.5 kg) to receive intensive plasma exchange (52 PEs) therapy as treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). " 01/01/1999 - "Intensive plasma exchange for severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a four-month-old infant."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/01/2007 - "Summarizing, PTLD may be accompanied by cold agglutinin disease, and both may be successfully treated by immuno-chemotherapy. " 05/15/1982 - "One patient presented with an autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which remitted completely with chemotherapy. " 09/01/2014 - "Corticosteroid therapy may be preferable to chemotherapy or thymoma surgical resection in the management of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with thymoma. " 04/01/2009 - "Anemia due to PRCA in CLL patients must be carefully evaluated and differentiated from other causes (autoimmune hemolytic anemia, neoplastic lymphocyte infiltration of bone marrow, chemotherapy) that require a different therapeutic approach. " 06/01/2003 - "Warm, active antibody adult autoimmune hemolytic anemia is the most common form of hemolytic anemia not related to drug therapy. "
5.	Plasmapheresis 08/01/2006 - "[Plasmapheresis for fulminant autoimmune hemolytic anemia with rapidly progressing disturbance of consciousness]." 04/01/2002 - "Resolution of severe Donath-Landsteiner autoimmune hemolytic anemia temporally associated with institution of plasmapheresis." 01/01/1992 - "It is shown that low volumes of plasmapheresis can be used in combined treatment of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia who did not respond well to the routine therapy. " 01/01/1992 - "[Plasmapheresis in the comprehensive treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia]." 04/01/1985 - "Plasmapheresis as adjuvant therapy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia in two dogs."