Androstenedione (4 Androstene 3,17 dione)

A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.

Also Known As:

Networked: 995 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 99 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Kaaks, Rudolf: 13 articles (01/2015 - 12/2002)
2.	Stanczyk, Frank Z: 10 articles (07/2015 - 10/2005)
3.	Rinaldi, Sabina: 9 articles (01/2015 - 05/2003)
4.	Riboli, Elio: 9 articles (01/2015 - 05/2003)
5.	Hankinson, Susan E: 8 articles (10/2014 - 11/2002)
6.	Trichopoulou, Antonia: 7 articles (01/2015 - 05/2005)
7.	Boeing, Heiner: 7 articles (01/2015 - 05/2005)
8.	Trichopoulos, Dimitrios: 7 articles (01/2015 - 05/2005)
9.	Tumino, Rosario: 7 articles (01/2015 - 05/2005)
10.	Sosa, Zulema: 7 articles (02/2012 - 07/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Hirsutism 12/01/1993 - "Androstenedione is often increased in female hirsutism." 02/01/1986 - "Contribution of plasma androstenedione to 5 alpha-androstanediol glucuronide in women with idiopathic hirsutism." 11/01/1985 - "Patients with idiopathic hirsutism and elevated androstenedione levels but normal oestrone values appeared to be protected against the development of PCOS by relatively poor conversion of androstenedione to oestrone. " 05/01/1983 - "Salivary and plasma androstenedione levels in patients with PCO (185 +/- 72 pg/ml (n = 11) and 3262 +/- 814 pg/ml (n = 12) respectively) and in those with hirsutism (151 +/- 110 pg/ml (n = 25) and 2177 +/- 1096 pg/ml (n = 25) were significantly higher than levels in normal women (78 +/- 30 pg/ml (n = 18) and 787 +/- 355 pg/ml (n = 18). " 05/01/1967 - "The mean plasma androstenedione levels (2.8 +/- 0.35 SE and 2.8 +/- 0.30 SE mug per L) and production rates (6,060 +/- 450 SE and 7,360 +/- 345 SE mug per day) of the women with hirsutism or polycystic ovaries, respectively, were significantly higher than those of normal women (1.5 +/- 0.22 SE mug per L; 3,300 +/- 830 SE mug per day). "
2.	Hyperandrogenism 11/01/2006 - "These studies also suggest that measuring androstenedione is important for the documentation of hyperandrogenism in Icelandic women. " 10/01/2008 - "Clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism was present in all 25 girls, with elevations of T or FT, or androstenedione in seven of ten pre-menarchal girls and in all 15 post-menarche. " 10/13/2009 - "Patients with hyperPRL + PCOS were younger to develop endocrine disturbances, an increased incidence of acne (64% vs 28% respectively), a high level of androstenedione (20 + or - 7 vs 13 + or - 5) nmol/L respectively and prolactine in serum (1492 + or - 1175 vs 367 + or - 164) mIU/L respectively; The PCOS patients were divided into the groups of hyperandrogenism PCOS and non-hyperandrogenism PCOS depending on the serum level of androgen. " 07/01/1992 - "To determine if the ratio of serum androstenedione (A):11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (OHA) would be helpful in differentiating adrenal from ovarian hyperandrogenism. " 06/01/2000 - "Simple laboratory evaluation (i.e., measuring total and free testosterone, DHEAS, and androstenedione) identifies about half of patients with hyperandrogenism. "
3.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction) 10/01/1984 - "Androstenedione was increased in the prepubertal group before and normal after weight loss; no significant difference was found in the other group. " 03/01/2010 - "Frequent weight loss was also associated with lower androgen concentrations, including androstenedione (P trend = .02), testosterone (P trend = .04), and free testosterone (P trend = .01). " 05/01/1985 - "Altered androstenedione and estrone dynamics associated with abnormal hormonal profiles in amenorrheic subjects with weight loss or obesity." 12/01/2005 - "Weight loss (41 +/- 9 kg after 12 +/- 5 months) was paralleled by decreases in the hirsutism score (from 9.5 +/- 6.8 to 4.9 +/- 4.2; P = 0.001), total (69 +/- 32 to 42 +/- 19 ng/dl; P < 0.02) and free testosterone (from 1.6 +/- 0.7 to 0.6 +/- 0.3 ng/dl; P < 0.005), androstenedione (from 4.1 +/- 1.5 to 3.0 +/- 0.9 ng/ml; P < 0.02), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (from 2000 +/- 1125 to 1353 +/- 759 ng/ml; P < 0.005); amelioration of insulin resistance estimated by homeostasis model assessment (from 6.0 +/- 3.0 to 1.6 +/- 1.0; P < 0.001); and restoration of regular menstrual cycles and/or ovulation in all patients. " 06/01/1986 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate, without using radioisotopes, the peripheral contribution of dehydroepiandrosterone (D) to estrogens and to androstenedione (A) in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with weight loss (HH) and in normal menstruating women (N). "
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/15/2015 - "androstenedione: low grade: ORlog2 = 1.99 [0.98-4.06]; high grade: ORlog2 = 0.75 [0.61-0.93], phet ≤ 0.01), similar associations were observed for type I/II tumors. " 09/01/2011 - "In male and female mice, androstenedione was carcinogenic based upon a significant increase in hepatocellular tumors. " 01/01/2004 - "An increase of BMI and DHEAS levels was associated with larger tumors by partial correlation (rp) analysis (rp = 0.418, p = 0.008; and rp = 0.329, p = 0.041, respectively), whereas higher androstenedione levels corresponded with smaller tumors. " 07/01/1995 - "These observations unequivocally demonstrate a 3 beta-HSD inhibiting effect of 4MA in vitro as well as in vivo and point to a role for androstenedione in the promotion of cell proliferation in androgen sensitive tumors. " 05/01/1989 - "The effects of androstenedione (AD) on cell proliferation and kinetics have been measured in MXT mouse and MCF-7 human mammary cancer cell lines using SAMBA 200 cell image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. "
5.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 03/01/2008 - "There was a sharp decline in androstenedione concentration and body weight in January. " 03/01/2008 - "This increase in androstenedione concentration correlated with the period of heavy accumulation of abdominal fat and increase in body weight. " 04/01/2005 - "Feed and fluid consumption, mean body weight gain, organ weight and fetal parameters were not affected by androstenedione treatment. " 06/01/2004 - "Organ weights (expressed per gram of body weight or per gram of brain weight) were not affected by androstenedione treatment." 06/01/2004 - "Exposure to androstenedione did not affect mean body weight gain during pre-mating or gestation. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Testosterone (Sustanon)
2.	Estradiol (Estrace)
3.	Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
4.	Insulin (Novolin)
5.	Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
6.	17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone (17 Hydroxyprogesterone)
7.	Dihydrotestosterone (Androstanolone)
8.	Gonadotropins
9.	Metformin (Glucophage)
10.	Flutamide (Eulexin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Orchiectomy (Orchidectomy)
2.	Anesthesia
3.	Ovariectomy (Oophorectomy)
4.	Castration
5.	Injections