Anaplasmosis

A disease usually in cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.

Also Known As:

Anaplasma Infection; Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection; Human Anaplasmosis; Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis; Anaplasma Infections; Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections; Anaplasmoses; Anaplasmoses, Human; Anaplasmoses, Human Granulocytic; Anaplasmosis, Human; Anaplasmosis, Human Granulocytic; Granulocytic Anaplasmoses, Human; Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Human; Human Anaplasmoses; Human Granulocytic Anaplasmoses; Infection, Anaplasma; Infections, Anaplasma

Networked: 480 relevant articles (35 outcomes, 37 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Babesiosis (Piroplasmosis)
2.	Infections
3.	Lyme Disease (Disease, Lyme)
4.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)
5.	Parasitemia

Experts

1.	de la Fuente, José: 23 articles (01/2021 - 07/2002)
2.	Kocan, Katherine M: 11 articles (02/2016 - 07/2002)
3.	Coetzee, Johann F: 10 articles (01/2022 - 01/2005)
4.	Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro: 10 articles (01/2021 - 10/2014)
5.	Alberdi, Pilar: 9 articles (01/2019 - 01/2016)
6.	Rikihisa, Yasuko: 8 articles (10/2021 - 04/2006)
7.	Reif, Kathryn E: 7 articles (12/2021 - 01/2020)
8.	Villar, Margarita: 7 articles (01/2018 - 01/2016)
9.	Fikrig, Erol: 7 articles (08/2014 - 07/2007)
10.	Contreras, Marinela: 6 articles (01/2021 - 01/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Anaplasmosis:

1.	VaccinesIBA 12/01/2001 - "marginale is important in formulating control strategies and development of improved vaccines for anaplasmosis." 10/01/2003 - "These vaccines have been effective in preventing clinical anaplasmosis in cattle but have not blocked A. " 08/01/2007 - "This integrated approach to vaccine development shows promise for developing new strategies for control of bovine anaplasmosis." 01/01/1991 - "Initial data from four field vaccine trials revealed a reduced incidence of clinical anaplasmosis among immunized animals. " 01/01/2020 - "marginale in infected cattle, and for the evaluation of the efficacy of anti-rickettsial drugs and anaplasmosis vaccines."
2.	Oxytetracycline (Terramycin)FDA Link 09/01/1978 - "Efficacy of a new oxytetracycline formulation against clinical anaplasmosis." 01/01/1979 - "Efficacy of terramycin/LA-200 administered during the prepatent period of anaplasmosis." 01/01/1991 - "The objective of this study was to test the efficiency and acceptability of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) in anaplasmosis. " 11/15/1958 - "Laboratory studies of anaplasmosis in cattle treated with oxytetracycline." 11/20/2021 - "Oxytetracycline, administered by injection, is indicated for treatment of clinical anaplasmosis in beef and dairy cattle and calves. "
3.	AntigensIBA 11/24/2022 - "A Quantum Vaccinomics Approach for the Design and Production of MSP4 Chimeric Antigen for the Control of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infections." 01/01/2020 - "Results indicate that calves exhibited diminished clinical signs of anaplasmosis when antigen was delivered with a combination of adjuvants as opposed to a single adjuvant. " 01/01/2017 - "Vaccinomics Approach to the Identification of Candidate Protective Antigens for the Control of Tick Vector Infestations and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection." 06/29/1998 - "Use of tick cell culture-derived Anaplasma marginale antigen in a competitive ELISA for serodiagnosis of anaplasmosis." 03/01/1998 - "Thus, these results confirmed the importance of MSP5 as a suitable antigen for the serological diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis."
4.	Inactivated VaccinesIBA 04/01/2012 - "The protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine from Anaplasma marginale that was cultured in tick cells (IDE8) for use against bovine anaplasmosis was evaluated. " 10/01/2020 - "Immunization with live and inactivated vaccines are employed to control acute bovine anaplasmosis. " 04/17/2014 - "Currently, there is no commercial inactivated vaccine against bovine anaplasmosis that can generate a protective immune response that effectively prevents the development of clinical disease. " 08/01/1973 - "Attempts at immunizing cattle against anaplasmosis using a killed vaccine." 05/01/1966 - "A new inactivated vaccine for bovine anaplasmosis."
5.	ImidocarbIBA 11/01/1972 - "The inhibitory effect of imidocarb on experimental anaplasmosis in splenectomized calves." 10/01/1972 - "Elimination of the carrier state of bovine anaplasmosis with imidocarb." 05/01/1974 - "The chemotherapeutic efficacy of imidocarb dihydrochloride on concurrent bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis. " 05/01/1974 - "The chemotherapeutic efficacy of imidocarb dihydrochloride on concurrent bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis. " 07/01/1974 - "Immunity in bovine anaplasmosis after elimination of anaplasma marginale infections with imidocarb."
6.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 04/01/1990 - "Using this assay we found a significant reduction in bovine serum complement activity during the acute phase of anaplasmosis, and an increase in the sensitivity of the red blood cells (RBC) to bovine complement lysis in vitro. " 04/01/1966 - "Anaplasmosis: comparison of complement fixation methods and study of the cattle population of southern Alberta." 06/29/1998 - "Serologic diagnosis of anaplasmosis is currently done by the complement-fixation, ELISA, and card agglutination tests. " 10/01/1997 - "In order to learn more about the presence of bovine anaplasmosis in northern Veracruz state, México, paired blood and serum samples from 368 cattle were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and complement-fixation test (CFt). " 04/01/1994 - "The prevalence of anaplasmosis in Oklahoma cattle was determined on the basis of the standardized Anaplasma marginale complement fixation test on 20,155 sera submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory during a 15-year period. "
7.	Doxycycline (Periostat)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2023 - "Prompt administration of doxycycline, the recommended treatment for anaplasmosis, was initiated. " 03/01/2022 - "Treatment with doxycycline for anaplasmosis was unsuccessful, and the patient died at an emergency follow-up visit 2 d after the initial presentation. " 01/01/2019 - "Although there was no specific finding in peripheral blood smears performed on the second day after doxycycline administration in clinically suspected human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) patients, we re-examed the peripheral blood smears performed at the time of admission and found morulaes in neutrophils. " 05/01/2018 - "Doxycycline treatment efficacy in dogs with naturally occurring Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection." 07/02/2013 - "To assign a cause for illness experienced by 2 case patients who were initially diagnosed with HGA but did not rapidly defervesce with doxycycline treatment and had no laboratory evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. "
8.	AntibodiesIBA 06/01/1981 - "The card agglutination test for anaplasmosis was improved so that bovine serum could be titrated for Anaplasma antibodies. " 01/01/2022 - "These antibodies were suspected to have been triggered by the Anaplasma infection. " 06/01/2021 - "A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect serum antibodies to Anaplasma infection in cattle and buffaloes housed in 14 organized herds located at various climatic zones spreading over 9 different states in India. " 09/01/2014 - "The prevalence of anti-B. miyamotoi antibodies among forestry workers was 10% (5.3-16.8%) and in patients with serologically unconfirmed but suspected human granulocytic anaplasmosis was 14.6% (9.0-21.8%); these were significantly higher compared with the seroprevalence in blood donors. " 09/01/2014 - "High seroprevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi antibodies in forestry workers and individuals suspected of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the Netherlands."
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 01/01/2018 - "Our findings demonstrated that immunization with our hybrid protein induced a strong reduction in rickettsemia and conferred protection against anaplasmosis. " 06/01/1986 - "We propose use of this 86-kilodalton protein to develop an improved serologic test for diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis." 01/01/2020 - "Immunoinformatic Analysis to Identify Proteins to Be Used as Potential Targets to Control Bovine Anaplasmosis." 01/01/2018 - "Therefore, given the strong evidence of the protective effect against anaplasmosis, hybrid protein designs are potential candidates for the rational design of vaccinal subunits." 05/01/2012 - "Here we apply proteomics and transcriptome sequencing to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in Ixodes scapularis tick salivary glands, to detect proteins or genes expressed by the pathogen during transmission feeding by the tick. "
10.	EpitopesIBA 01/01/2013 - "This is a successful demonstration of epitope-based vaccines, and protection against anaplasmosis may be associated with elicitation of effector functions of humoral and cellular immune responses in murine model." 01/01/2018 - "A hybrid protein containing MSP1a repeats and Omp7, Omp8 and Omp9 epitopes protect immunized BALB/c mice against anaplasmosis." 01/01/2008 - "rVirB9 was recognized by serum from cattle immunized with PR1 strain and by bovine sera infected with heterologous strains, showing that rVirB9 has conserved epitopes, which suggests that rVirB9 could be useful for the development of a vaccine against anaplasmosis." 12/01/1993 - "Defining conserved, protective epitopes is essential to the design of an effective vaccine against bovine anaplasmosis. " 04/01/1990 - "Cattle can be protected from anaplasmosis by immunization with major surface protein 1, a surface protein of Anaplasma marginale carrying a neutralization-sensitive epitope. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/1980 - "Both compounds were highly effective in the therapy of anaplasmosis. " 01/01/2020 - "The aim of this review is to give an overview of the published data and summarise the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical signs and therapy of feline granulocytic anaplasmosis. " 01/01/2019 - "A major constraint to the effective control and management of anaplasmosis in livestock is the lack of a rapid and reliable diagnostic test to identify the parasite and allow for immediate therapy. " 01/01/2018 - "Granulocytic anaplasmosis in 63 dogs: clinical signs, laboratory results, therapy and course of disease." 07/01/2009 - "The following case report describes the diagnosis and therapy of a cat with an Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. "
2.	Intramuscular Injections 09/01/1978 - "A study was conducted to determine whether 1 intramuscular injection of an experimental long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was effective in treatment of induced acute anaplasmosis in cattle and to compare this with the drug response resulting from repeated treatments with an existing, approved oxytetracycline product. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 04/01/1984 - "Sixteen cattle serotest-negative for anaplasmosis with either no previous exposure (2 animals) or cleared 8 months earlier of their carrier state by chemotherapy (14 animals) were each exposed to Anaplasma marginale. " 01/01/2016 - "Identification, elimination of reservoirs, vector control (chemical and biological), endemic stability, habitat modification, rearing of tick resistant breeds, chemotherapy and tick vaccination are major control measures of animal anaplasmosis. " 04/14/2009 - "These findings demonstrate that FACS and electron microscopy are useful tools to screen new antimicrobials for the use in anaplasmosis chemotherapy." 02/01/1979 - "Chemotherapy of acute bovine anaplasmosis." 07/01/1947 - "Variables and constants in experimental bovine anaplasmosis and their relationship to chemotherapy."
4.	Injections 09/01/1978 - "The response to treatment observed in the study animals indicates that 1 injection of the experimental formulation was equivalent to 2 daily injections of the 50 mg/ml product in treating animals with acute bovine anaplasmosis compared with infected nonmedicated control animals. " 07/01/1983 - "Bovine anaplasmosis: elimination of the carrier state with injectable long-acting oxytetracycline." 12/01/1982 - "Four injections of a long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg) were administered at 3-day intervals to 14 naturally infected anaplasmosis carrier cattle. "
5.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 04/01/2011 - "Antibiotic prophylaxis has been demonstrated to prevent Lyme disease, but similar studies have not investigated antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of anaplasmosis. " 04/01/2011 - "Given the additional risk of acquiring anaplasmosis from an I scapularis bite in the upper Midwest, this paper proposes an alternative regimen for antibiotic prophylaxis in this region."