Anaphylaxis (Anaphylactic Shock)

An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.

Also Known As:

Networked: 9134 relevant articles (263 outcomes, 557 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
2.	Bites and Stings (Sting)
3.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
4.	Anaphylaxis (Anaphylactic Shock)
5.	Rhinitis

Experts

1.	Simons, F Estelle R: 55 articles (05/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Sampson, Hugh A: 28 articles (10/2015 - 09/2002)
3.	Finkelman, Fred D: 27 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
4.	Shibamoto, Toshishige: 25 articles (10/2014 - 01/2004)
5.	Sheikh, Aziz: 24 articles (08/2015 - 08/2006)
6.	Sicherer, Scott H: 22 articles (10/2015 - 03/2003)
7.	Kurata, Yasutaka: 22 articles (10/2014 - 04/2005)
8.	Ring, Johannes: 20 articles (04/2015 - 01/2002)
9.	Moneret-Vautrin, D A: 20 articles (10/2014 - 08/2000)
10.	Brown, Simon G A: 19 articles (07/2014 - 03/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Anaphylaxis:

1.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "In the absence of appropriate trials, we recommend that adrenaline administration by auto-injector should still be regarded as the most effective first-line treatment for the management of anaphylaxis in the community. " 03/17/1994 - "Adrenaline has long been the mainstay of treatment for anaphylaxis, but it is still not clear how best to give it. " 01/01/2008 - "In the absence of appropriate trials, we recommend, albeit on the basis of less than optimal evidence, that adrenaline administration by intramuscular (i.m.) injection should still be regarded as first-line treatment for the management of anaphylaxis." 02/01/2000 - "Respiratory signs of anaphylactic shock must be recognized rapidly to allow adequate treatment using epinephrine which has proven efficacy both in terms of symptom relief and prognosis." 08/13/2014 - "The gold standard in management of anaphylaxis is thought to be the rapid and early administration of epinephrine by intra-muscular route. "
2.	VenomsIBA 10/01/2005 - "SIT is also effective for venom anaphylaxis. " 09/01/2015 - "This study reports the first systemic reaction to venom SPT and the first anaphylactic reaction after drug SPT. " 01/01/2015 - "The aim of our study was to assess the state of knowledge and to evaluate the quality of life and the anxiety level in patients allergic to the Hymenoptera venom after anaphylactic reaction. " 03/01/2012 - "Thirty-one children with a history of honeybee venom-induced systemic anaphylaxis were included in this prospective, single-blinded study. " 01/01/2010 - "These studies demonstrated the presence of an aberrant mast cell clone in a significant proportion of patients with unexplained anaphylaxis, or anaphylaxis due to hymenoptera venom. "
3.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 07/01/2011 - "In active and passive anaphylaxis albino rat models significant reduction in mesenteric mast cells degranulation, serum IgE level and eosinophil cell count was observed in the B. " 01/01/1984 - "These findings indicate that treatment with nonspecific IgE prior to sensitization is effective in blocking anaphylactic reactions but competition with cell-bound IgE in sensitized animals requires prolonged administration of relatively large quantities of 'nonsense' IgE." 04/01/1987 - "Anaphylaxis to muscle relaxants appears to be a very useful model to study the IgE-dependent mechanisms of mediator release in humans. " 11/01/1995 - "[Efficacy of the artificial ventilation for the treatment of IgE-mediated anaphylactic shock in dog]." 08/01/2015 - "The aim of the present study is to determine the anti-allergic effect of OC on IgE/Ag-induced mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and on the passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) reaction in mice. "
4.	AntigensIBA 10/01/1962 - "The antibody produced reacted well in the precipitin reaction, agglutinated antigen coated tanned sheep cells, was less effective in inducing PCA reactions, and failed to sensitize guinea pigs for passive systemic anaphylaxis. " 10/01/1988 - "The disadvantages of treatment include its inconvenience and cost, its frequent ineffectiveness, and its risks of anaphylaxis; many of these disadvantages are eliminated by newer antigen preparations." 04/01/2012 - "In this study, we sought to identify the specific immune functions that regulate the severity of oral antigen-induced anaphylaxis. " 02/01/2010 - "These studies indicate differential involvement of the IL-9/IL-9R pathway in systemic and oral antigen-induced anaphylaxis." 08/01/1997 - "In the present study, with the aim of examining the role of circulatory granulocytes, the effect of monoclonal antibody to a mouse granulocyte antigen, Gr-1, upon active and passive anaphylactic shock was tested in W/Wv mice using several mast cell-bearing strains as references. "
5.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)FDA Link 08/01/2009 - "Combination therapy blocking both PAF and histamine markedly reduces the severity of peanut-induced anaphylaxis, and thus it may be a potential life-saving therapeutic approach in peanut and, likely, other food-induced anaphylaxis." 01/01/2009 - "After a long period of largely descriptive studies, which revealed little about the biological role of the mast cell, the field was galvanized in the 1950s by the recognition that the mast cell was the main repository of histamine and a key participant in anaphylactic reactions. " 04/01/2007 - "In this study, the effects of G-Tang on the mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions were examined by using the ear swelling, histamine assay, and ELISA method in murine model. " 01/01/1999 - "To study the development of systemic anaphylaxis immunized Ig-deficient and wild-type animals received intravenous allergen challenge followed by determination of mast cell responses and plasma histamine levels. " 01/01/1991 - "Although experimental studies with inhibitors of these mediators were convincing, there is still a lack of evidence under clinical conditions (exception histamine: anaphylactic shock). "
6.	Histamine Antagonists (Antihistamines)IBA 07/01/2014 - "Data indicate that antihistamines are more commonly used to treat patients with anaphylaxis. " 03/01/2011 - "A case report of breastfeeding anaphylaxis: successful prophylaxis with oral antihistamines." 01/01/2011 - "The authors describe the second case of breastfeeding anaphylaxis extending beyond the neonatal period, controlled with antihistamines." 01/01/2011 - "Antihistamines were interrupted after 8 weeks at which point lactation (in hospital) was once again associated with anaphylaxis. " 01/01/2011 - "Anaphylactic shock caused by antihistamines."
7.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 09/01/1988 - "Protective effects of corticosteroids in contrast material anaphylaxis." 10/01/2015 - "The incidence of biphasic reactions was 2.2% in patients treated with corticosteroids and those with a history of drug anaphylaxis were at greater risk." 10/01/2015 - "Of the 415 patients with anaphylaxis treated with corticosteroids, 9 patients (2.2%) developed a biphasic reaction. " 10/01/2015 - "To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of biphasic reactions in patients with anaphylaxis treated with corticosteroids. " 01/01/2015 - "While other medications, including H1-antihistamines, H2-antihistamines, corticosteroids, and inhaled beta-2 agonists are often used to treat anaphylaxis in the emergency setting, none of these medications has been shown to reverse anaphylaxis. "
8.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 01/31/2012 - "It induced high titer (1:46.4) of specific IgG and high positive results of the active systemic anaphylaxis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests in animals. " 09/01/2005 - "In our patient this tolerance correlated with his ability to maintain high levels of specific IgG4, which acted as a marker of protection against anaphylaxis. " 01/01/2009 - "Moreover, only intralymphatic immunisation stimulated the production of the Th1-dependent subclass IgG2a, which is associated with improved protection against allergen-induced anaphylaxis. " 05/15/1990 - "This study lends support to the role of IgG4 and eosinophils in anaphylactic reactions." 01/01/1990 - "The passive IgG1 antibody dependent guinea pig model used in these studies demonstrates both early- and late-phase ocular anaphylactic reactions. "
9.	Tryptases (Tryptase)IBA 06/01/2006 - "Thus pro- and mature beta tryptase measurements are useful but associated with false-negative and false-positive results, which need to be considered in drawing clinical conclusions in cases of suspected anaphylaxis." 06/01/2008 - "The gold standard was the results of drug challenges and serum tryptase in cases of anaphylaxis. " 07/01/2014 - "This study investigates the utility of serum tryptase for the confirmation of shrimp-induced anaphylaxis. " 01/01/2013 - "It was the aim of this study to determine sequential serum tryptase concentrations during anaphylaxis and to evaluate its potential as a diagnostic marker. " 06/14/2007 - "The practical consequence of our study will be that it is now possible to confirm a suspicion of anaphylaxis death not only by measurements of serum mast cell tryptase, but also by immunohistochemical methods."
10.	LatexIBA 05/01/2004 - "A case of latex-induced anaphylaxis prompted a survey of air quality in acute care areas of a major tertiary health care center that had eliminated the use of powder-free latex gloves years earlier. " 02/01/2013 - "A previous pediatric study identified latex as the most common anaphylaxis allergen. " 01/01/2007 - "Our data showed a high incidence (1:310) of intraoperative latex anaphylactic reactions in the one-year study period. " 04/01/2005 - "Studies are underway to determine the prevalence of severe and lethal anaphylaxis in different populations and the relative frequencies of food, drug, latex and Hymenoptera anaphylaxis. " 10/01/2004 - "A questionnaire study among allergists practicing in the USA showed that 62% performed latex SPT and 6% reported anaphylaxis, which mostly occurred while using a homemade SPT solution. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 05/04/2007 - "Although conventional immunotherapy is effective, up to 40% of patients develop allergic side effects including anaphylaxis and thus, there is a need for an improved immunotherapy. " 01/01/2009 - "Subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy of mice using the modified Fel d 1 provided stronger protection against anaphylaxis than SIT with unmodified Fel d 1, and MAT-Fel d 1 caused less degranulation of human basophils than native Fel d 1. MAT-Fel d 1 allergen enhanced protective antibody and Th1 responses in mice, while reducing human basophil degranulation. " 06/01/2000 - "Furthermore, long peptide-based immunotherapy provided clinical protection against anaphylaxis, thus appearing as a promising approach of the therapy of allergic diseases." 07/01/2011 - "Investigation into therapy with oral and sublingual immunotherapy as well as other modalities holds hope for improved treatment of food-induced anaphylaxis." 11/01/2011 - "Although beneficial effects on clinically relevant outcomes have been demonstrated in clinical trials by subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), there remains a risk of severe and sometimes fatal anaphylaxis. "
2.	Injections 04/01/1987 - "Since seven to 10 million allergen injections are administered yearly, the risk of a fatal reaction is low and may be lessened even further as additional precautions are taken in the selection and treatment of allergic patients and in improved treatment of the anaphylactic reactions." 10/01/2015 - "Acanthopanax injections that led to anaphylactic shock were produced exclusively by four manufacturers. " 06/01/2015 - "After implementation of quality improvement measures the anaphylaxis rate fell to 0 of 8948 injections for years 2013 and 2014. " 06/01/2015 - "From 2008 to 2012 there were 9 episodes of anaphylaxis or 0.02% of injections/year. " 03/01/2015 - "An obvious limitation of SCIT includes the requirement of regular injections to be provided in the physician's office due to the potential for anaphylaxis. "
3.	Intramuscular Injections 10/18/1967 - "[A case of severe anaphylactic shock after intramuscular injection of alphachymotrypsin]." 02/01/2009 - "In the absence of appropriate trials, we recommend, albeit on the basis of less than optimal evidence, that adrenaline administration by intramuscular injection should still be regarded as first-line treatment for the management of anaphylaxis." 08/01/2014 - "There is universal expert agreement that rapid intramuscular injection of adrenaline is life-saving and constitutes the first-line treatment of anaphylaxis. " 01/01/2013 - "Epinephrine by intramuscular injection is a safe therapy for anaphylaxis but training may still be necessary in emergency care settings to minimize drug dosing and administration errors and to allay concerns about its safety." 08/01/2013 - "Because mild initial symptoms can quickly progress to a severe, even fatal, reaction, the first-line treatment for any anaphylaxis episode--regardless of severity--is intramuscular injection of epinephrine into the anterolateral thigh; delaying its administration increases the potential for morbidity and mortality. "
4.	Resuscitation 08/01/2015 - "At early, but not at late time points, resuscitation of anaphylactic shock with EPI or AVP to similar MAP and CBF endpoints resulted in hippocampal PtiO2 being significantly higher after EPI. " 08/01/2014 - "Aggressive fluid resuscitation should also be used to treat the intravascular volume depletion characteristic of anaphylaxis. " 08/01/2014 - "We developed a standardized simulation-based pediatric resident resuscitation curriculum consisting of nine modules, incorporating four domains (basic skills, airway/breathing, circulation and team management) and specific topics (e.g., anaphylaxis). " 01/01/2014 - "It can be associated with spectrum of anaphylactic reactions and the resuscitation team should be alerted. " 01/01/2014 - "Successful resuscitation of class 4 anaphylaxis guided by transthoracic echocardiography."
5.	Anesthesia 10/18/2015 - "Anaphylactic reactions and anaphylactoid reactions are not rare during the anesthesia period. " 05/01/2015 - "As anesthesia protocols become more complex and incorporate multiple agents to regulate physiologic processes intraoperatively, perioperative anaphylaxis is becoming increasingly recognized. " 03/01/2015 - "Suspected Anaphylactic Reaction Prior to Induction of Anesthesia." 01/01/2015 - "Anaphylaxis under anesthesia is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires rapid identification and treatment. " 10/01/2014 - "Education of anesthesia providers and the surgical team may enable early detection and management of anaphylactic reactions that may improve patient outcomes and save lives."