Anaphylatoxins

Serum peptides derived from certain cleaved COMPLEMENT PROTEINS during COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. They induce smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; mast cell HISTAMINE RELEASE; PLATELET AGGREGATION; and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from the strongest to the weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine.

Also Known As:

Networked: 409 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 32 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Wetsel, Rick A: 14 articles (11/2014 - 11/2002)
2.	Ward, Peter A: 11 articles (09/2015 - 05/2002)
3.	Lambris, John D: 9 articles (11/2012 - 10/2002)
4.	Köhl, Jörg: 8 articles (12/2014 - 03/2003)
5.	Gerard, Craig: 6 articles (01/2014 - 12/2002)
6.	Sarma, J Vidya: 6 articles (04/2013 - 05/2002)
7.	Zwirner, Jörg: 6 articles (08/2007 - 12/2002)
8.	Huber-Lang, Markus: 5 articles (04/2013 - 05/2002)
9.	Drouin, Scott M: 5 articles (01/2012 - 11/2002)
10.	Mazor, Moshe: 5 articles (07/2010 - 01/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Sepsis (Septicemia) 12/01/1996 - "HF effectively eliminated the anaphylatoxins C3adesArg and C5adesArg during sepsis. " 04/15/2013 - "During experimental sepsis, excessive generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a results in reduction of the C5a receptor (C5aR) on neutrophils. " 01/01/2008 - "Especially the anaphylatoxin C5a has been shown to have numerous harmful effects during sepsis. " 06/15/2007 - "We previously reported that generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a is linked to the development of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis due to C5a interaction with its receptor (C5aR) on cardiomyocytes. " 10/01/2002 - "There is also evidence in rats that sepsis is associated with excessive complement activation and generation of the potent anaphylatoxin C5a. "
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 12/01/1984 - "Consequently, longitudinal monitoring of anaphylatoxin levels may prove helpful in diagnosing the status of trauma patients." 09/01/1997 - "The expression of the C5aR by astrocytes suggests new roles for the C5a anaphylatoxin in reactive astrogliosis to CNS injuries." 07/01/1992 - "The anaphylatoxin C3a or its desArg form (C3a/desArg) generated during complement activation could be detected in the vicinity of incised skin wounds of guinea pigs using immunoblotting methods. " 09/01/1986 - "This raises a note of caution with regard to diagnostic and/or therapeutic decisions based on anaphylatoxin assessment of neurosurgical trauma patients at risk of ARDS." 04/01/1992 - "To determine the generation of anaphylatoxin C3a in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in trauma patients at risk for the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). "
3.	Acute Lung Injury 12/01/2009 - "Importantly, however, blockade of FcgammaRIV is also effective in inhibiting phagocytosis and cytokine production in IgG2b-induced anemia and acute lung injury, processes that display a further dependence on C5a anaphylatoxin receptor. " 01/01/2012 - "Role of C3, C5 and anaphylatoxin receptors in acute lung injury and in sepsis." 01/01/2014 - "We have studied experimental acute lung injury (ALI) in mice following airway deposition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the recombinant mouse complement anaphylatoxin, C5a. " 09/01/2015 - "In this study, we analyzed the role of complement-derived anaphylatoxins in the pathogenesis of experimental acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) in C57BL/6J mice. " 09/01/2015 - "Experimental design of complement component 5a-induced acute lung injury (C5a-ALI): a role of CC-chemokine receptor type 5 during immune activation by anaphylatoxin."
4.	Reperfusion Injury 01/01/2011 - "The complement activation product, C5a (anaphylatoxin) has been reported to be a contributing factor leading to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury which is a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of NEC. " 01/01/2007 - "C5a levels in particular are predictive of overall injury, and we suggest this anaphylatoxin causes most of reperfusion injury via both direct toxic effects and a generalised immune activation. " 04/01/2014 - "Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in ischaemia/reperfusion injury are mediated by complement anaphylatoxins and Akt pathway." 04/01/2013 - "Blocking properdin, the alternative pathway, and anaphylatoxin receptors ameliorates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in decay-accelerating factor and CD59 double-knockout mice." 02/01/2006 - "Complement C5a, a potent anaphylatoxin, is a candidate target molecule for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, RA, and the antiphospholipid syndrome. "
5.	Otitis Media with Effusion 01/01/1985 - "The above results revealed that an extremely intensive inflammatory reaction may take place in the middle ear, and that anaphylatoxin might play an important role as a delayed factor in otitis media with effusion." 05/01/1992 - "Tranilast may be effective for treating secretory otitis media because it directly suppresses anaphylatoxin present in middle ear effusion." 01/01/1985 - "Complement anaphylatoxins activity in middle ear effusion." 10/01/2000 - "To analyze whether complement C3a anaphylatoxin, other C3 fragments, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) contributes to inflammation in chronic otitis media with effusion (OME). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)
2.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
3.	Lysine Carboxypeptidase (Carboxypeptidase N)
4.	Properdin
5.	tranilast (N 5')
6.	CD55 Antigens (Decay Accelerating Factor)
7.	cobra venom factor
8.	Anaphylatoxins
9.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)
10.	Complement Membrane Attack Complex (Membrane Attack Complex)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation
2.	Kidney Transplantation
3.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
4.	Catheters
5.	Transplants (Transplant)