Amphetamine (Amfetamine)

A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2316 relevant articles (74 outcomes, 259 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Quevedo, João: 17 articles (11/2015 - 05/2006)
2.	Biederman, Joseph: 17 articles (07/2014 - 06/2003)
3.	Weiner, Ina: 14 articles (03/2012 - 03/2003)
4.	Spencer, Thomas J: 13 articles (09/2013 - 06/2003)
5.	Seeman, Philip: 12 articles (01/2014 - 03/2005)
6.	Valvassori, Samira S: 11 articles (09/2015 - 05/2006)
7.	Kapur, Shitij: 11 articles (10/2011 - 11/2003)
8.	Kapczinski, Flávio: 9 articles (09/2015 - 05/2006)
9.	Fletcher, Paul J: 8 articles (01/2014 - 11/2003)
10.	Weisler, Richard H: 7 articles (05/2012 - 12/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) 05/10/2006 - "Psychostimulants, including amphetamine, act as antihyperkinetic agents in humans with hyperkinetic disorder such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and are known to be effective in enhancing attention-related processes; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been adequately addressed. " 06/01/2015 - "The Efficacy and Safety of Evekeo, Racemic Amphetamine Sulfate, for Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms: A Multicenter, Dose-Optimized, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Laboratory Classroom Study." 11/01/2015 - "Amphetamine (AMPH) and its more potent enantiomer S(+)AMPH are psychostimulants used therapeutically to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and have significant abuse liability. " 05/01/2015 - "During the competition, amphetamine was detected in a sample collected on a player who had a therapeutic use exemption for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. " 01/01/2015 - "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most commonly diagnosed neurobehavioral disorder of childhood, is usually treated with psychostimulants (e.g., amphetamine). "
2.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 06/01/2011 - "These transient load-dependent abnormalities of frontal and temporal activity induced by amphetamine sensitization support neuroimaging findings in schizophrenic patients, implying that amphetamine sensitization may help to bridge pathophysiological theories of schizophrenia that focus on pharmacological (dopaminergic) and cognitive mechanisms, respectively." 12/01/2010 - "Amphetamine-related improvement in executive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia is modulated by practice effects." 02/01/2016 - "The primary aims of this study were to examine the possible associations between amphetamine, cannabis, and opioid abuse, and the risk of hospitalizations among patients with schizophrenia. " 12/02/2013 - "Amphetamine locomotor sensitization is an animal model for the study of addiction and schizophrenia. " 07/01/2012 - "In the study 3 groups of subjects were included: 30 amphetamine users with amphetamine induced schizophrenia-like psychosis, 30 amphetamine users with schizophrenia and 30 amphetamine users without psychotic symptoms (37 female and 53 male in mean age = 17.78 years). "
3.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury) 05/01/1997 - "Amphetamine-treated animals displayed no significant improvement in beam-walking ability either during or after drug intoxication (from days 3 to 5 after brain injury). " 04/01/2011 - "On the one hand beneficial effects for cognitive and physical outcome after brain injury by coupling amphetamine with physical therapy could be demonstrated; on the other hand its efficacy was shown in only two out of 10 clinical trials. " 03/01/2009 - "In laboratory studies, the effect of amphetamine on recovery depends on the location and extent of brain injury, the dosing and timing of amphetamine, and the type, intensity, and timing of concomitant behavioral training. " 02/01/2012 - "It has previously been reported that a single dose of amphetamine paired with training on a beam walking task can enhance locomotor recovery following brain injury (Feeney et al., 1982). " 05/01/2011 - "For that purpose, amphetamine (AMPH) that has been shown to accelerate the recovery of several functions in animals with brain injury has been used as a pharmacologycal tool and was also investigated as a possible protecting agent. "
4.	Bipolar Disorder (Mania) 02/01/2015 - "The present gold standard of mania models, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, is rather unspecific and does not necessarily target its cardinal symptoms. " 01/01/2013 - "The animal model of mania induced by amphetamine has been widely used for the study of bipolar mania. " 11/01/2012 - "The present study investigated ALA effects in an amphetamine-induced model of mania. " 09/01/2001 - "A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of amphetamine in human plasma samples using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection was developed in our laboratory to follow the time course of amphetamine levels in patients receiving this drug as part of a study using amphetamine as a model for mania. " 01/08/2001 - "In sum, the ability of LiCl to reverse amphetamine-induced changes in locomotor activity in C57BL/6nCrlBR mice may provide a useful model to study genetic and pharmacological aspects of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder."
5.	Stroke (Strokes) 01/01/2009 - "This study suggests that, after stroke, short-term pairing of amphetamine with sufficiently focused activity is an effective means of inducing long-term improvement in forelimb motor function. " 01/04/2016 - "Amphetamine and other pharmacological agents in human and animal studies of recovery from stroke." 10/01/2011 - "For early inpatient stroke rehabilitation, the effectiveness of amphetamine combined with physiotherapy varies across studies. " 01/01/2010 - "The aim of this study is to investigate its safety and efficacy in stroke patients in the chronic stage as far as CBF is concerned using N-isopropyl-p-(123)I-iodo amphetamine ((123)I-IMP) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). " 10/15/2009 - "Electronic searches were performed to identify randomised controlled trials of amphetamine in stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic). "

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