Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Ammonium)

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1159 relevant articles (42 outcomes, 89 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Wagner, Carsten A: 6 articles (05/2015 - 11/2008)
2.	Sakhaee, Khashayar: 6 articles (07/2014 - 12/2002)
3.	Moe, Orson W: 5 articles (11/2013 - 12/2002)
4.	Marini, Anna Maria: 4 articles (01/2015 - 04/2007)
5.	Suge, Toshiyuki: 4 articles (10/2012 - 08/2006)
6.	Ishikawa, Kunio: 4 articles (10/2012 - 08/2006)
7.	Matsuo, Takashi: 4 articles (10/2012 - 08/2006)
8.	Li, Yong: 3 articles (09/2015 - 03/2012)
9.	Jin, Ren-Cun: 3 articles (07/2014 - 05/2012)
10.	Zhang, Qian-Qian: 3 articles (07/2014 - 05/2012)

Related Diseases

1.	Acidosis 03/10/1988 - "We conclude that the use of the urinary anion gap, as a rough index of urinary ammonium, may be helpful in the initial evaluation of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. " 11/01/1992 - "The purpose of this study was to explore the interrelations among energy turnover, the selection of fuels, and the production of ammonium (NH4+) in the kidney during chronic metabolic acidosis. " 01/01/1992 - "The purpose of this study was to explore further the relation between the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonium (NH4+) production in the kidney during chronic metabolic acidosis. " 05/01/1985 - "These findings may have relevance to metabolic acidosis in vivo because ionic ammonium concentrations attain the levels used in this study." 12/01/1983 - "The present studies were designed to assess the handling of ammonium (NH+4) by the proximal tubule during acute metabolic acidosis (AMA). "
2.	Infection 09/01/2006 - "In conclusion, this study found that a contaminated commercial napkin soaked in quaternary ammonium, even when quality certified, was the source of infection." 11/01/2000 - "The results of more recent studies about the therapeutic role of quaternary ammonium compounds in vulvo-vaginal infections an in vaginosis are synthetically reported. " 01/01/2014 - "Relationship between the resistance genes to quaternary ammonium compounds and antibiotic resistance in staphylococci isolated from surgical site infections." 08/01/2010 - "To investigate the antibacterial effects of 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB), an antibacterial monomer synthesized by combining quaternary ammonium with a methacryloyl group, against three anaerobes associated with endodontic infections using planktonic and biofilm cells. " 09/01/2008 - "Antibacterial effects of three experimental quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) monomers on bacteria associated with oral infections."
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/30/1995 - "Previous studies from our laboratory have suggested that pooling of ammonium in tumor tissues may be caused by its inefficient removal due to the poor vasculature commonly found in tumors. " 12/15/2015 - "Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of novel functionalized quaternary ammonium curcuminoids as potential anti-cancer agents." 09/01/2015 - "More intriguingly, MSLCs take up tumor cell-released ammonium that, in turn, favors MSLC growth. " 01/01/2015 - "Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Regulates the Expression of the Ammonium Permease Gene RHBG in Human Cancer Cells." 12/10/2013 - "The enhanced cellular internalizations of DOX-loaded nanogels were more significant under tumor tissular acidic condition (pH6.8) ascribed to the quaternary ammonium groups in the cores. "
4.	Hyperammonemia 01/10/2012 - "Another group of rats was fed an ammonium-containing diet to induce hyperammonemia. " 08/01/2010 - "Chronic moderate hyperammonemia was induced by feeding male Wistar rats an ammonium-containing diet or performing BDL. " 12/01/2008 - "Injection of ammocytes into the blood stream of animals with hyperammonemia led to reduction of the blood ammonium concentration within the first 30-120 min and this activity of ammocytes was retained for at least 2 days. " 02/15/2008 - "Our findings may contribute to the understanding of pathologic ammonium effects in different brain cells, and to the treatment of hyperammonemia." 05/01/1997 - "The aims of this work were to describe the therapeutic options available for severe hyperammonemia in children when ammonium levels are so high that the child's neurologic future or even their life is compromised. "
5.	Hepatic Encephalopathy 07/01/1995 - "A significant improvement of hepatic encephalopathy was observed, with a significant decrease of blood ammonium, related with the increase of stool frequency/day. " 07/01/2009 - "Our study demonstrated that the administration of BCAA supplemented with LAC might improve neurological symptoms and serum ammonium levels in selected cirrhotic patients with hepatic coma." 07/01/2014 - "The causal role of ammonium in hepatic encephalopathy was identified in 1930s. " 01/01/2014 - "Increased brain ammonium (NH4(+)/NH3) plays a central role in the manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a complex syndrome associated with neurological and psychiatric alterations, which is primarily a disorder of astrocytes. " 03/15/2012 - "Increased ammonium (NH(4)(+)/NH(3)) in the brain is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy, which involves altered glutamatergic neurotransmission. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Urea (Carbamide)
2.	Nitrogen
3.	Potassium
4.	Sodium
5.	Uric Acid (Urate)
6.	Lactic Acid
7.	Glutamine (L-Glutamine)
8.	Ammonia
9.	Calcium
10.	calcium phosphate

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Oral Administration
4.	Ligation
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)