alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)

The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during development of the embryo and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life. They reappear in the adult serum during certain pathologic states, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma. They may also be elevated in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum during pregnancy in ANENCEPHALY.

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Networked: 9727 relevant articles (309 outcomes, 975 trials/studies)

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): 39 articles (11/2014 - 02/2000)
2.	Fan, Jia: 36 articles (05/2015 - 06/2002)
3.	Zhou, Jian: 29 articles (05/2015 - 04/2005)
4.	Tang, Zhao-You: 26 articles (09/2014 - 06/2002)
5.	Carr, Brian I: 25 articles (11/2015 - 11/2004)
6.	Li, Yan: 22 articles (03/2014 - 05/2002)
7.	Lin, Han-Chieh: 21 articles (11/2015 - 01/2010)
8.	Huang, Yi-Hsiang: 21 articles (11/2015 - 02/2004)
9.	Huo, Teh-Ia: 21 articles (11/2015 - 02/2004)
10.	Satomura, Shinji: 21 articles (05/2015 - 07/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 04/01/2014 - "In addition, prime-boost immunization with the optimized AFP significantly increased the frequency of AFP-specific memory CD8 T cells in the liver that were highly effective against emerging HCC tumor cells, further enhancing the tumor prevention of carcinogen-induced autochthonous HCC. " 07/01/2008 - "AFP-L3 is the most reliable tumor marker for estimating overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with HCC effectively treated by RFA in contrast to AFP and DCP." 06/21/2000 - "The most striking finding was that women with high levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein, compared with women with low levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein, showed a particularly reduced incidence of large tumors (>2 cm; RR = 0.24 [95% CI = 0.11-0.50]). " 12/01/1999 - "For most tumors, T/Th for AFP and DIII was significantly greater than T/Th for Tc-99m sestamibi and Tl-201. " 12/01/1987 - "This striking molecular variation of the alpha-fetoprotein produced by these different tumors is helpful in the clinical distinction of these tumors."
2.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) 08/01/2012 - "In a real-world setting, the combination of US and AFP would be the most effective for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance." 01/01/1983 - "Serial measurement of AFP appears to be the most helpful for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma at the early stage, particularly in cirrhotic patients. " 07/01/2003 - "The paucity of high-quality data calls for more rigorous study of AFP and other diagnostic tests for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected patients with an accepted gold standard applied to the entire cohort. " 01/01/2009 - "It is concluded that AFP is a significant markers for Hepatocellular carcinoma, helpful in assessing problems in management of HCC and monitoring treatment regiments. " 02/01/2006 - "A significantly greater proportion of respondents screened for hepatocellular carcinoma using either alpha-fetoprotein or ultrasound every 6 months (P < 0.05). "
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 01/01/1987 - "For an early detection of metastases the best results (efficiency 0.92) were achieved with the combination of beta-HCG with AFP and X-ray examination of the chest." 05/01/2001 - "After these treatments, the multiple liver metastases were reduced remarkably, with a marked decrease of serum AFP levels. " 01/01/2002 - "The aim of this study is to evaluate usefulness of plasma CT, CEA and AFP assay in the early detection of relapse or metastasis of MTC. " 10/01/2001 - "We analyzed a concentration of AFP in preliminary study and in monitoring depending on clinical advances of tumour, mass of primary tumour and metastases to lymph nodes. " 08/01/1989 - "After this combined therapy, AFP levels decreased and recurrent lesions in the liver as well as pulmonary metastases disappeared on image studies. "
4.	Down Syndrome (Down's Syndrome) 08/01/2002 - "Integration of NT and second trimester serum AFP and hCG assay yielded the best screening efficacy for Down syndrome." 03/01/1999 - "A policy of first trimester scanning followed by serum alpha-fetoprotein screening and additional scanning as clinically indicated is effective in detecting major structural abnormalities, but scanning at 18-22 weeks and serum biochemical screening for trisomy 21 improved the detection rates. " 08/01/1994 - "These results support the mathematical model that hCG is the major contributor to the increased sensitivity of multi-analyte screening and demonstrate that screening programs can attain substantial improvement in detection of second-trimester Down syndrome by adding hCG to AFP and age." 12/01/1995 - "AFP, hCG, uE3] has been found effective in identifying the majority of pregnancies with Down syndrome in the second trimester. " 09/01/2011 - "Decreased AFP concentrations increase the calculated risk of Down's syndrome; therefore falsely low AFP, due to assay interference, may artificially increase a patient's risk, and have the potential to cause false screen positive results. "
5.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 07/01/1990 - "In conclusion, AFP is and remains the best marker for HCC and the only one effective in discriminating of HCC from cirrhosis. " 06/01/1999 - "The mean serum AFP value was significantly greater in patients with more fibrosis. " 06/01/2015 - "The complementary use of AFP and US improved the effectiveness of HCC surveillance in patients with cirrhosis." 07/01/2010 - "The diagnostic efficacy of the log ratio [log(p9/4)] was similar to that of AFP in differentiating HCC from fibrosis. " 11/01/2007 - "The combination with AFP measurements led to improved discrimination between HCC and cirrhosis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)
2.	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
3.	Biological Tumor Markers (Tumor Markers)
4.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
5.	acarboxyprothrombin (PIVKA)
6.	Antigens
7.	Cisplatin (Platino)
8.	Carcinoembryonic Antigen
9.	Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A)
10.	Estriol (Epiestriol)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Immunotherapy
4.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy)
5.	Liver Transplantation