Alkylating Agents

Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1837 relevant articles (97 outcomes, 160 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Kaina, Bernd: 10 articles (11/2015 - 04/2003)
2.	Denny, William A: 9 articles (03/2012 - 03/2002)
3.	Margison, Geoffrey P: 8 articles (05/2015 - 11/2002)
4.	Stovall, Marilyn: 8 articles (09/2013 - 02/2002)
5.	Weller, Michael: 7 articles (04/2014 - 03/2005)
6.	Oberlin, Odile: 6 articles (11/2015 - 03/2003)
7.	Wick, Wolfgang: 6 articles (01/2014 - 05/2008)
8.	Bobola, Michael S: 6 articles (08/2012 - 09/2002)
9.	Blank, A: 6 articles (08/2012 - 09/2002)
10.	Silber, John R: 6 articles (08/2012 - 09/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 03/01/2011 - "The treatments that have improved survival among both adults and children diagnosed with cancer are often gonadotoxic, especially those that employ high doses of alkylating agents and radiation therapy directed near or toward the pelvis. " 11/01/1989 - "In conclusion, for all six alkylating agents examined, the multiple dose schedule was at least as effective against the tumor as the single dose schedule at all dose levels." 11/15/2005 - "Our data support the hypothesis that ablation of AAG activity in human tumor cells may provide a useful strategy to enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic regimens that include alkylating agents." 06/01/1988 - "The anti-cancer efficacy of prototype sequence-specific minor groove alkylators is described." 02/01/1988 - "The efficacy of the alkylating agents in inducing tumor immunity was also demonstrated by their ability to stimulate secondary in vitro generation of splenic cytotoxicity. "
2.	Multiple Myeloma 05/24/1984 - "Effective treatment of advanced multiple myeloma refractory to alkylating agents." 10/01/1990 - "A dramatic improvement in the prognosis of multiple myeloma has been obtained since treatment with alkylating agents was introduced in the sixties. " 09/01/1965 - "Prolonged periods of remission can be produced in myelomatosis with alkylating agents." 01/01/2015 - "The treatment related factors like alkylating agents are usually taken as the responsible agents for therapy-related AML, however, recent studies have proposed a multifactorial pathogenesis of leukaemic transformation in multiple myeloma. " 09/18/2014 - "GEM2005 trial update comparing VMP/VTP as induction in elderly multiple myeloma patients: do we still need alkylators?"
3.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 12/01/1995 - "High doses of combination alkylating agents have shown promise in the treatment of breast cancer but are complicated by significant toxicity. " 02/01/1996 - "The aim of this phase II study was to determine the feasibility of using two (tandem) courses of high-dose alkylating agents with bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell support in women with stage IV breast cancer. " 01/01/2015 - "Overall, we provide evidence that downregulation of hPMC2 in breast cancer cells increases cytotoxicity of alkylating agents, representing a novel mechanism of treatment for breast cancer. " 01/01/2015 - "Downregulation of hPMC2 imparts chemotherapeutic sensitivity to alkylating agents in breast cancer cells." 04/01/2006 - "The findings from this subgroup analysis provide additional evidence that HER2/neu-positive breast cancer is relatively resistant to alkylating agents. "
4.	Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme) 04/01/2011 - "Epigenetic silencing of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene by promoter methylation is correlated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who receive alkylating agents. " 11/01/2014 - "Epigenetic silencing of MGMT is associated with loss of MGMT activity and improved sensitivity to alkylating agents in glioblastomas. " 02/01/2010 - "Hypermethylation of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene has been shown to be associated with improved outcome in glioblastoma (GBM) and may be a predictive marker of sensitivity to alkylating agents. " 07/07/2009 - "Epigenetic silencing of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) by promoter methylation is associated with improved survival in glioblastomas treated with alkylating agents. " 01/01/2015 - "Recent clinical trials on patients with glioblastoma revealed that O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status significantly predicts patient's response to alkylating agents. "
5.	B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) 09/01/2007 - "Front-line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with alkylating agents is associated with low rates of complete remission and no improvement in overall survival. " 01/01/2015 - "Targeting neddylation induces DNA damage and checkpoint activation and sensitizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells to alkylating agents." 09/01/2013 - "For many years, alkylating agents were the standard treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). " 01/01/2010 - "Evidence-based mini-review: the role of alkylating agents in the initial treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with the 11q deletion." 11/01/2003 - "The best approach to elderly patients with relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or disease refractory to conventional therapy with alkylating agents has not yet been established. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
2.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
3.	temozolomide (Temodar)
4.	Vincristine (Oncovin)
5.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
6.	Ifosfamide
7.	Carmustine (FIVB)
8.	Anthracyclines
9.	Chlorambucil (Leukeran)
10.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Radiotherapy
3.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy)
4.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
5.	Stem Cell Transplantation