Aflatoxins

Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1100 relevant articles (25 outcomes, 114 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Groopman, John D: 27 articles (01/2015 - 08/2002)
2.	Kensler, Thomas W: 20 articles (07/2014 - 08/2002)
3.	Hainaut, Pierre: 17 articles (01/2015 - 05/2003)
4.	Wild, Christopher P: 13 articles (06/2012 - 12/2002)
5.	Egner, Patricia A: 11 articles (07/2014 - 08/2002)
6.	Santella, Regina M: 9 articles (01/2011 - 02/2003)
7.	Wu, Felicia: 8 articles (04/2015 - 08/2004)
8.	Friesen, Marlin D: 8 articles (01/2015 - 06/2004)
9.	Ma, Yun: 8 articles (01/2014 - 09/2005)
10.	Turner, Paul C: 8 articles (06/2012 - 12/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 10/01/1993 - "Results showed that chicks receiving aflatoxin-contaminated feed had suppressed body weight (456 g), which significantly improved (516 g) with the inclusion of .1% S. " 01/01/1994 - "Additionally, the supplements' mixture improved the body weight and the relative weight of the liver comparing with the chicks fed on the aflatoxin diet without additives. " 04/01/2009 - "No difference in body weight gain was found in three groups, indicating apparent protection against the deleterious effects caused by aflatoxins. " 01/01/2013 - "In this study, male F344 rats were orally exposed to a single dose of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) at 0, 50, 250, or 1,000 µg/kg body weight (BW) or repeated dose of 0, 5, 10, 25, or 75 µg/kg BW for up to 5 weeks. " 01/01/1998 - "The effect of a subclinical dose of aflatoxin on body weight gain and risk assessment of aflatoxin in muscle tissue for food safety were the focus of the study. "
2.	Liver Neoplasms (Liver Cancer) 09/01/2006 - "With improved accuracy and precision, this sensitive biomarker for recent human exposure to AFB(1) will be especially useful for measuring the efficacy of planned interventions to reduce aflatoxin-related liver cancer in AFB(1)-exposed populations." 01/01/2012 - "The main exception is for aflatoxins; epidemiological, experimental, and mechanistic studies have contributed to establishing aflatoxins as a cause of human liver cancer, with a particularly elevated risk in people chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. " 03/01/1992 - "Risk modeling is used to assess the dose-response relationship between aflatoxin exposure and primary liver cancer, controlling for hepatitis B virus (HBV), based on data provided by the Yeh et al. study in China. " 09/01/1991 - " There is good experimental evidence that aflatoxin acts as an initiator for liver cancer, but there is not practical way to judge exposure for clinical studies." 12/01/1990 - "A review of epidemiology literature revealed that only studies conducted in Africa and Asia included data adequate to permit quantitative assessment of the dose-response relationship between aflatoxin exposure levels and liver cancer rates. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/01/1996 - "Protection against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic toxicity as short-term screen of cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones." 01/01/2013 - "Results from these clinical trials indicate that interventions with well characterized preparations of broccoli sprouts may enhance the detoxication of aflatoxins and air-borne toxins, which may in turn attenuate their associated health risks, including cancer, in exposed individuals." 02/01/2005 - "In this study, we sought to determine the contributions of these agents by measuring the occurrence of an HBV 1762(T)/1764(A) double mutation, an aflatoxin-specific 249(G-->T) mutation of the p53 gene, and HCV in plasma of 34 HCC cases and 68 age- and gender-matched controls, and in 25 liver tumors from northern Thailand. " 02/01/1996 - "These studies have been hindered by the lack of adequate dosimetry data on aflatoxin intake, excretion, and metabolism in people, as well as by the general poor quality of worldwide cancer morbidity and mortality statistics. " 02/01/1993 - "Biochemical and histochemical studies were conducted in aflatoxin B1-induced liver tumors in adult rainbow trout. "
4.	Hepatitis B 10/01/2006 - "The second comprises a more 'permissive' liberal approach involving the initial study of an individual compound, and subsequent interrogation of that compound in combination with another (as demonstrated by lowering the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin by vaccination against hepatitis B). " 01/01/1995 - "This study suggest the validity of aflatoxin-albumin adducts as a marker of chronic exposure to this carcinogen and its importance in relation with the virus of hepatitis B." 11/27/2014 - "Early acquisition of risk factors; with vertical or horizontal transmission of hepatitis B (HBV), environmental food contaminants (aflatoxins), poor management of predisposing risk factors and poorly-managed strategies for health delivery. " 04/01/2006 - "Viral hepatitis B and C, alcohol, and aflatoxin are the major established risk factors. " 02/01/2005 - "Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) and aflatoxins are known risk factors for HCC, but the etiological status of these factors in HCC development is not clear. "
5.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) 01/01/2012 - "Study participants were recruited from the farming community of He Zuo Township, Qidong, China, previously documented to have a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma with concomitant exposures to aflatoxin and more recently characterized with exposures to substantive levels of airborne pollutants. " 07/01/2010 - "Studies have linked aflatoxins to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 09/01/2008 - "Aflatoxins as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt, Mansoura Gastroenterology Center study." 09/01/2005 - "[A study about the association of detoxication gene GSTM1 polymorphism and the susceptibility to aflatoxin B1-related hepatocellular carcinoma]." 03/08/1999 - "More strikingly, the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HHC) was demonstrated by the studies on the p53 tumor suppressor gene. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	oltipraz
2.	Aflatoxin B1 (Aflatoxin B)
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
4.	Aflatoxins
5.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
6.	Carcinogens
7.	Diethylnitrosamine (N-Nitrosodiethylamine)
8.	Alanine Transaminase (SGPT)
9.	2-Acetylaminofluorene (2 Acetylaminofluorene)
10.	Calcium

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intraperitoneal Injections
2.	Chemoprevention
3.	Oral Administration
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Transplants (Transplant)