Adrenocortical Hyperfunction (Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction)

Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.

Also Known As:

Networked: 597 relevant articles (26 outcomes, 57 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Hypothyroidism
3.	Pituitary Neoplasms (Pituitary Adenoma)
4.	Adrenal Insufficiency (Adrenal Gland Hypofunction)
5.	Chronic Pancreatitis

Experts

1.	Neiger, R: 10 articles (01/2014 - 06/2002)
2.	Kooistra, H S: 10 articles (11/2013 - 06/2002)
3.	Mol, J A: 10 articles (07/2008 - 06/2002)
4.	Rijnberk, A: 10 articles (05/2007 - 01/2001)
5.	Ramsey, I K: 9 articles (03/2011 - 07/2002)
6.	Reusch, C E: 8 articles (11/2013 - 07/2006)
7.	Meij, B P: 7 articles (05/2012 - 01/2001)
8.	Behrend, Ellen N: 7 articles (05/2011 - 05/2005)
9.	Cabrera Blatter, M F: 6 articles (10/2014 - 08/2008)
10.	Herrtage, M E: 6 articles (03/2011 - 12/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Adrenocortical Hyperfunction:

1.	trilostaneFDA Link 02/01/2012 - "Recently, trilostane has been proven to be an effective treatment of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and is approved for use in other countries. " 02/01/2007 - "Recently, trilostane has been proven to be an effective treatment of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and is approved for use in other countries. " 01/01/2013 - "Efficacy of low- and high-dose trilostane treatment in dogs (< 5 kg) with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism." 03/01/2004 - "Trilostane ameliorates clinical signs of feline hyperadrenocorticism, but more research is needed before it can be recommended for treatment." 11/01/2013 - "To characterize the long-term efficacy of trilostane in treating cats with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). "
2.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 10/01/1998 - "In dogs with NAI, the AUC was 6.23 +/- 0.62 x 10(5) pg x min/mL, MRT was 38.7 +/- 12 min, the apparent elimination rate constant (k(el)) was 0.26 +/- 0.0017 min(-1) elimination half-life was 26.7 min, ClB was 0.84 +/- 0.1 x 10(4) mL/min/kg, and Vd(area) was 31.9 +/- 5.7 L/kg. In dogs with HAC, AUC was 4.74 +/- 0.23 x 10(5) pg x min/mL, MRT was 20.4 min, k(el) was 0.034 +/- 0.009 min(-1), half-life was 20.4 min, CIB was 1.06 +/- 6.0 x 10(4) mL/min/kg and Vd(area) was 29.7 +/- 6.7 L/kg. Dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism showed more rapid elimination and clearance of exogenous corticotropin than dogs with NAI." 03/01/2011 - "This retrospective study was performed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of the chemiluminometric ACTH-measurement to differentiate between pituitary and adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) in dogs. " 03/01/2011 - "[Diagnostic efficacy of plasma ACTH-measurement by a chemiluminometric assay in canine hyperadrenocorticism]." 10/01/1998 - "The total body clearance of ACTH (ClB) was 1.83 +/- 0.46 x 10(4) mL x min/kg and volume of distribution (Vd(area)) was 30 +/- 15 L/kg. Corticotropin pharmacokinetics was also assessed in 12 client owned dogs, six dogs with non adrenal illness (NAI) and six dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), receiving exogenous ACTH (0.5 U/kg, i.v.). " 07/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to establish the value of assessing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in differential diagnosis of hypercorticism using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. "
3.	Mitotane (Lysodren)FDA Link 03/01/1978 - "Complete remission of both the psychosis and signs of hyperadrenocorticism followed mitotane therapy." 02/01/2000 - "The pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism was treated successfully with mitotane for 14 months before the patient was euthanased for an unrelated problem." 06/01/1992 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism to treatment with the adrenocorticolytic agent mitotane. " 12/01/2005 - "A case of adrenal gland dependent hyperadrenocorticism with mitotane therapy in a Yorkshire terrier dog." 10/01/2004 - "Concurrent pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) was also identified using routine diagnostic methods and mitotane therapy was implemented. "
4.	Desoxycorticosterone (DOCA)FDA Link 10/01/1966 - "Desoxycorticosterone secretion rates in hyperadrenocorticism." 07/01/1979 - "In vitro biosynthesis of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone from deoxycorticosterone by human adrenal glands removed from patients with hypercorticism." 01/01/1977 - "A study was made of the effect of exogenous hypercorticism created by the administration of prednisolone, hydrocortisone and DOCA on the cardiac metabolism. " 09/01/1953 - "A case of hyperadrenocorticism with spontaneous improvement; effects of potassium acetate, corticotropin (ACTH), cortisone acetate, desoxycorticosterone acetate and methyltestosterone."
5.	Methyltestosterone (Android)FDA Link 03/22/1952 - "[Gynoid and android obesity; estrogenic hypercorticism]." 06/01/2000 - "Several studies showed a significant association between an android fat distribution and an increased cortisol secretion, raising the still debated question of a causal relationship between the development of android obesity and hypercorticism. " 09/01/1953 - "A case of hyperadrenocorticism with spontaneous improvement; effects of potassium acetate, corticotropin (ACTH), cortisone acetate, desoxycorticosterone acetate and methyltestosterone."
6.	imidaclopridIBA 01/01/2013 - "The weekly application of spot-on moxidectin/imidacloprid appeared to be effective and safe against generalized adult onset canine demodicosis associated with hyperadrenocorticism." 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to report the efficacy of a weekly application of spot-on moxidectin/imidacloprid in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and secondary generalized demodicosis. " 01/01/2013 - "Treatment of canine generalized demodicosis associated with hyperadrenocorticism with spot-on moxidectin and imidacloprid."
7.	milbemycin (moxidectin)IBA 01/01/2013 - "The weekly application of spot-on moxidectin/imidacloprid appeared to be effective and safe against generalized adult onset canine demodicosis associated with hyperadrenocorticism." 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to report the efficacy of a weekly application of spot-on moxidectin/imidacloprid in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and secondary generalized demodicosis. " 01/01/2013 - "Treatment of canine generalized demodicosis associated with hyperadrenocorticism with spot-on moxidectin and imidacloprid."
8.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 06/01/2001 - "Whilst iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism is relatively frequent in dogs, the diagnosis of iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism in cats is very uncommon because this species has been found to be remarkably resistant to prolonged administration of glucocorticoids. " 10/01/1995 - "Urinary excretion of glucocorticoids in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in cats." 01/01/1984 - "In experimental hypercorticism the average daily concentration of glucocorticoids in blood plasma is 4 times higher than in control one, the amplitude of the circadian rhythm increases almost 3 times, the time of maximum concentration does not change. " 11/01/1983 - "The increase of radical oxidation in irradiated tissues is a probable cause of radiation hypercorticism; glucocorticoids are the inhibitors of radical oxidation. " 08/01/2013 - "The clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism (hypercortisolism) in dogs are known to be caused by chronic overexposure to glucocorticoids. "
9.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric 12/15/2008 - "To evaluate the effectiveness of ketoconazole as a treatment for dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). " 12/15/2008 - "Use of ketoconazole to treat dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: 48 cases (1994-2007)." 07/01/1998 - "Because surgical treatment is not always easily tolerated by older patients, the steroidogenesis inhibitor, ketoconazole, can be a valuable alternative for the control of hypercorticism." 12/04/1993 - "Six to 10 months after hypercorticism was cured with ketoconazole and bilateral adrenalectomy, a thymic mass 2 to 5 cm in length was detected by computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in all 3 patients. " 07/01/1990 - "Twenty dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (11 with PDH, 9 with adrenocortical tumor) were treated with ketoconazole at a dosage of 15 mg/kg given every 12 hours for a half month to 12 months. "
10.	OxidoreductasesIBA 04/01/2002 - "To determine the efficacy of trilostane, a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). " 06/01/2014 - "Trilostane, a competitive inhibitor of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, is often used to treat canine hyperadrenocorticism. " 11/01/2003 - "Trilostane, a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, has been used successfully over the last few years for the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. " 06/01/2003 - "Trilostane, a competitive 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, has been used successfully to control clinical signs and cortisol excess in canine pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. " 08/26/2006 - "The effects of trilostane, a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor on basal cortisol concentrations and the results of ACTH stimulation tests in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism were investigated. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Adrenalectomy 10/01/1950 - "[Sclerodermia is a medullary hyperadrenalism syndrome and is cured by medullo-adrenalectomy]." 10/15/1995 - "Clinical signs and physical abnormalities caused by hyperadrenocorticism resolved in the remaining 7 cats 2 to 4 months after adrenalectomy. " 10/15/1995 - "Adrenalectomy for treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in cats: 10 cases (1988-1992)." 09/01/1995 - "Results of adrenalectomy in 36 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adreno-cortical tumour." 04/01/1992 - "Adrenalectomy in 36 dogs and 2 cats with hyperadrenocorticism."
2.	Hypophysectomy 07/01/2003 - "The clinical courses of these 4 dogs suggest that transsphenoidal hypophysectomy may be a useful treatment for pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism." 09/01/2005 - "Efficacy of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in treatment of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism." 10/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors for outcome after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). " 10/01/2007 - "Prognostic factors for outcome after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism." 09/01/2005 - "The long-term survival, disease-free fractions, and the complications of hypophysectomy in 150 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) were examined in a prospective study. "
3.	Radiotherapy 02/01/1998 - "Radiotherapy did not result in adequate control of clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism in 5 of 6 dogs, but size of pituitary tumors was dramatically reduced. " 02/01/1998 - "Efficacy of cobalt 60 radiotherapy in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism." 02/01/1998 - "To determine efficacy of cobalt 60 radiotherapy in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) that have detectable tumors but no neurologic abnormalities. " 01/18/1997 - "Radiotherapy coupled to medical (ketoconazole, op "DDD) or surgical (bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy) control of hypercorticism may be necessary. "
4.	Anesthesia 01/01/2011 - "Patients with Cushing's syndrome (or other form of hypercorticism), as well as, patients with Conn's syndrome (or other forms of hyperaldosteronism), do have numerous organ dysfunctions, that are significant in preoperative preparation, anesthesia and for the outcome of the surgical treatment. " 08/01/1995 - "Pheochromocytoma was suspected in 2 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism that had ultrasonographic evidence of an adrenal gland mass, and in 1 dog suspected to have hyperadrenocorticism associated with an adrenocortical tumor after complications (systemic hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias) developed during induction of anesthesia. " 11/29/2002 - "Four studies were performed to test the hypothesis that gonadotrophic hormones, and particularly luteinizing hormone (LH) play a role in the pathogenesis of ferrets: (I) adrenal glands of ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism were studied immunohistochemically to detect LH-receptors (LH-R); (II) gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation tests were performed in 10 neutered ferrets, with measurement of androstenedione, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol as endpoints; (III) GnRH stimulation tests were performed in 15 ferrets of which 8 had hyperadrenocorticism, via puncture of the vena cava under anesthesia; and (IV) urinary corticoid/creatinine (C/C) ratios were measured at 2-week intervals for 1 year in the same ferrets as used in study II. Clear cells in hyperplastic or neoplastic adrenal glands of hyperadrenocorticoid ferrets stained positive with the LH-R antibody. "
5.	Kidney Transplantation 12/15/1997 - "Previous studies found a relationship between hypercorticism and hypofibrinolysis both in Cushing's disease and after renal transplantation. " 07/01/1999 - "A severe hypofibrinolytic state secondary to PAI-1 increase has been found in patients with Cushing's disease, and in hypercorticism secondary to long-term steroid treatment after renal transplantation. "