Immunologic Adjuvants (Immunologic Adjuvant)

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

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Networked: 370 relevant articles (26 outcomes, 55 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Ragupathi, Govind: 7 articles (03/2014 - 11/2003)
2.	Livingston, Philip O: 7 articles (01/2012 - 05/2002)
3.	Brichard, Vincent G: 3 articles (07/2008 - 11/2005)
4.	Xingshan, Tian: 3 articles (08/2006 - 01/2006)
5.	Linghua, Zhang: 3 articles (08/2006 - 01/2006)
6.	Fengzhen, Zhou: 3 articles (08/2006 - 01/2006)
7.	Yong, Guo: 3 articles (06/2006 - 01/2006)
8.	Marchand, Marie: 3 articles (11/2005 - 03/2004)
9.	Ragupathi, G: 3 articles (10/2000 - 03/2000)
10.	Livingston, P O: 3 articles (10/2000 - 03/2000)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/1983 - "There are many immunopotentiators which showed potent antitumor activity in experimental tumor systems in vivo and in vitro, however, which were not always effective in well-designed controlled clinical trials. " 05/01/1996 - "Thus, 6-MPG may point to the direction of derivatization towards anti-tumor immunopotentiators with an improved therapeutic index." 11/20/2005 - "The purpose of this phase 1/2 study was to evaluate toxicity, tumor evolution and immunologic response following administration of a fixed dose of a recombinant MAGE-3 protein by subcutaneous and intradermal routes in the absence of immunologic adjuvant. " 03/01/1987 - "[Study on enhancement of antitumor immunity in cervical cancer--with reference to administration of immunopotentiators]." 01/01/2014 - "Immunostimulants that could drive a desired immune response are necessary to be found in order to generate a long lasting tumor immune response. "
2.	Infection 06/01/2009 - "The efficacy of two immunostimulants against Flavobacterium columnare infection in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." 05/01/2006 - "The use of standardized trials under controlled rearing conditions, complemented with fundamental research on defence mechanisms can provide unequivocal evidence for the beneficial effects of immunostimulants in reducing invertebrate susceptibility to diseases or infections. " 05/01/1977 - "In a previous study, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other bacterial immunostimulants, in contrast to their activity in a closely related high-responder subline, failed to elicit nonspecific resistance in LPS low-responder mice against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. " 07/01/2015 - "ostreae infection not attributed to mortalities but which could be associated to the enhanced ability of immunostimulants to evoke an enhanced immune response in the oysters and reduce infection." 03/01/2013 - "Health diets that contain immunostimulants and other functional ingredients can strengthen the immune response in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and thereby reduce sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infection levels. "
3.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 01/01/2012 - "[Phase II clinical trial of autologous dendritic cell vaccine with immunologic adjuvant in cutaneous melanoma patients]." 01/01/2012 - "Finally, the level of protective immunity against the NY-ESO-1 expressing melanoma was associated with the magnitude of both CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cell responses elicited by a specific immunological adjuvant." 02/01/1994 - "To determine whether active specific immunotherapy with lysates of cutaneous melanoma cells, administered with immunologic adjuvant DETOX (Ribi ImmunoChem Research, Inc, Hamilton, MT), is effective in shrinking a primary choroidal melanoma, in an elderly patient already blind in the nontumorous eye. " 10/01/2001 - "Phase I trial of a melanoma vaccine with gp100(280-288) peptide and tetanus helper peptide in adjuvant: immunologic and clinical outcomes." 03/01/1993 - "and intracerebrally inoculated tumor cells if pretreated with a sufficient number of irradiated syngeneic and allogeneic melanoma cells and an immunological adjuvant. "
4.	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 03/01/2008 - "Given the high prevalence of COPD worldwide and the high cost of acute exacerbations, some cost-effectiveness analyses suggest that bacterial immunostimulants may become a key element in the improved control of this condition. " 01/01/2001 - "Given the high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease worldwide and the high cost of acute exacerbations, immunostimulants may become a key element in the improved control of this condition."
5.	Inflammation 05/11/2015 - "As such, the study of inflammation using traditional immunostimulants is complicated by paracrine and autocrine signaling, which obscures the origin of a propagating response. " 12/15/2014 - "Materials used for the past 30 years as immunoadjuvants induce suboptimal antitumor immune responses and often cause undesirable local inflammation. " 10/15/2002 - "Most currently available immunological adjuvants empirically used for this purpose cause some inflammation, limiting clinical acceptability. " 01/01/1997 - "Trials of Stimulos in 66 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis demonstrated its high efficacy, particularly of the compositions containing immunostimulants: inflammation disappeared and the height of alveolar osseous tissue increased, as did bone compactness." 06/01/1984 - "The efficacy of the combined use of immunostimulants and anti-inflammatory agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid, voltaren, indomethacin and naproxen was studied in carragenin-induced experimental inflammation. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Vaccines
2.	Antigens
3.	QS 21 (QS21)
4.	Cytokines
5.	Liposomes (Liposome)
6.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
7.	Levamisole (Decaris)
8.	keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (keyhole limpet hemocyanin)
9.	Saponins
10.	Cancer Vaccines

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy
2.	Lasers (Laser)
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Subcutaneous Injections
5.	Injections