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Adenoma (Adenomas)

A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Also Known As:

Adenomas; Follicular Adenoma; Monomorphic Adenoma; Adenoma, Follicular; Adenomas, Basal Cell; Adenomas, Follicular; Adenomas, Microcystic; Adenomas, Monomorphic; Adenomas, Papillary; Adenomas, Trabecular; Basal Cell Adenoma; Basal Cell Adenomas; Follicular Adenomas; Microcystic Adenoma; Microcystic Adenomas; Monomorphic Adenomas; Papillary Adenoma; Papillary Adenomas; Trabecular Adenoma; Trabecular Adenomas; Adenoma, Basal Cell; Adenoma, Microcystic; Adenoma, Monomorphic; Adenoma, Papillary; Adenoma, Trabecular

Networked: 14662 relevant articles (496 outcomes, 1592 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Hyperplasia
3.	Adenoma (Adenomas)
4.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
5.	Polyps

Experts

1.	Baron, John A: 55 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Sandler, Robert S: 51 articles (11/2015 - 07/2002)
3.	Sasano, Hironobu: 49 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
4.	Kovacs, Kalman: 44 articles (07/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Bostick, Roberd M: 39 articles (11/2015 - 07/2002)
6.	Rossi, Gian Paolo: 36 articles (12/2015 - 02/2006)
7.	Mantero, Franco: 36 articles (04/2015 - 05/2003)
8.	Yamada, Shozo: 35 articles (02/2016 - 01/2002)
9.	Satoh, Fumitoshi: 35 articles (01/2016 - 07/2006)
10.	Scheithauer, Bernd W: 31 articles (09/2012 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Adenoma:

1.	AldosteroneIBA 09/01/1975 - "The concentration of aldosterone in the venous effluent from the adrenal glands containing adenomas was significantly greater than in the venous effluent from contralateral glands. " 12/01/1994 - "In patients with adenomas who were cured or improved, aldosterone secretion was more likely to lateralize. " 06/01/1989 - "Of 34 quantitative measures, only lesion-liver and lesion-kidney intensity ratios at 2,000/150 showed statistically significant differences among nonhyperfunctioning adenomas, aldosterone-producing lesions, and corticosteroid-producing lesions; however, the authors question the significance of these differences because of the abundant noise associated with the 2,000/150 sequence. " 07/01/1986 - "The established surgical cure for aldosterone-producing adenoma justifies a thorough preoperative evaluation. " 10/01/2015 - "Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are found in 1.5-3.0% of hypertensive patients in primary care and can be cured by surgery. "
2.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 09/01/2015 - "Similarly, NC adenomas that were significantly larger than DG-GH and ACTH adenomas had significantly greater infiltration of CD68+ macrophages than DG-GH and ACTH adenomas. " 09/01/2015 - "While SG-GH adenomas were significantly larger in size than DG-GH and ACTH adenomas, the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages was significantly greater in SG-GH than in DG-GH and ACTH adenomas. " 06/01/2002 - "The overall remission rate for PRL-secreting adenomas (27%) was significantly lower than for GH- (71.6%) and ACTH-secreting (81.5%) ones. " 06/01/1991 - "Rapid intraoperative measurement of peripituitary venous ACTH gradients may help to identify occult adenomas. " 09/01/2015 - "After ETS, the patients who had adrenocorticotropic hormone-positive adenoma had a higher remission rate than those who had not (76.5% vs. 50%, P = 0.03). "
3.	ProlactinIBA 07/01/2014 - "The patients younger than 30 years of age and those with mixed GH-prolactin secreting adenomas had significantly higher hormonal remission and lower radiological recurrence rates. " 01/01/2013 - "In patients with prolactin adenomas clinical remission was detected in 80%, and the stabilization of the disease was achieved in 15%. " 12/01/1985 - "Spontaneous reduction in size of prolactin-producing adenoma after delivery. " 12/01/1984 - "During treatment the serum prolactin concentration decreased markedly in all six patients, and in four adenoma size decreased and visual function improved. " 07/01/2014 - "Histopathological study showed mixed GH- and prolactin-secreting adenoma in 1 patient and pure GH-secreting adenoma in the other patient. "
4.	HormonesIBA 08/15/2007 - "Based on the endocrinologic results in the patients who had secretory adenomas, the overall hormone complete remission rate was 26.2% at 2 years and 76.3% at 4 years. " 06/15/1990 - "Hormone oversecretion by an adenoma may be asymptomatic but, when present, is very helpful in the differential diagnosis. " 10/01/1997 - "Future development of novel analogs with improved affinity for both SSTR2 and SSTR5 may have even greater potency to suppress pituitary hormone hypersecretion and block adenoma growth." 02/01/2011 - "Smaller adenoma volume improves the probability of endocrine remission and lowers the risk of new pituitary hormone deficiency with GKS. " 03/01/2015 - "Nineteen of the 21 patients with hormone-secreting adenomas were considered to be in hormonal remission, and 87. "
5.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2012 - "No overall difference in outcome was seen between patients in long-term remission for Cushing's disease and cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma. " 09/01/2012 - "Long-term cognitive impairments and attentional deficits in patients with Cushing's disease and cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma in remission." 06/01/2015 - "Recent genetic studies have identified a somatic PRKACA(L206R) mutation as a cause of cortisol-producing adenomas. " 09/01/2012 - "Fifty-five patients previously treated for Cushing's disease (n = 43) and cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma (n = 12) and 55 controls matched for age, gender, and educational level participated in the study. " 01/01/2010 - "The ability of adrenal and adenoma tissues to synthesize cortisol was investigated by immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and/or cell culture studies. "
6.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1999 - "In this study Octreotide was not beneficial in improving the results of GH-secreting pituitary macro-adenoma surgery. " 07/01/1994 - "Only 2 of 9 SG adenomas in the octreotide group, however, demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in cell and cytoplasmic size. " 07/01/1993 - "Remission was more likely if the adenoma was less than 16 mm. Remission rate was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in all octreotide pretreated than in untreated patients for enclosed adenoma, but not for invasive adenoma. " 08/01/1996 - "Remission with enclosed adenomas was greater (p < .05) than for the 108 patients not treated with octreotide; there was no difference for invasive adenomas. " 12/01/1995 - "Surgery was equally as effective in lowering GH levels in patients with sparsely granulated (SG) adenomas as it was in those with DG adenomas; in patients with SG adenomas, GH levels were reduced by surgery alone to 37 +/- 16% and to 24 +/- 15% when performed following octreotide pretreatment. "
7.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2006 - "Aspirin may be more effective in preventing colorectal adenomas in patients with higher BMI (United States)." 02/18/2009 - "Aspirin is effective for the prevention of colorectal adenomas in individuals with a history of these lesions." 08/01/2001 - "A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial is underway to determine the efficacy of regular aspirin intake (160 or 300 mg/day) in reducing colorectal adenoma recurrence. " 11/01/2015 - "We aimed to study the relationship between prostanoid metabolites and aspirin's effect on adenoma occurrence. " 04/01/2014 - "In the total study population, those who used both statin and aspirin had an increased risk for having two or more adenomas (OR =2.56, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.39, P=0.01). "
8.	Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)IBA 01/01/1991 - "It has shown that therapeutic efficacy depends on initial sizes of adenomas and the level of growth hormone as well as on the time of observation. " 06/01/2015 - "The aim of the study is to determine the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on remission and development of new pituitary deficiency according to the different subtypes of growth hormone (GH) secreting adenomas. " 06/01/2008 - "This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with a growth hormone-secreting adenoma. " 02/01/2013 - "To analyse the characteristics and short- and long-term surgical outcome of patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for a growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenoma in our centre and to determine predictive factors of remission. " 01/01/2008 - "In eight (67%) of 12 patients with growth hormone-secreting adenomas, hormonal remission was achieved postoperatively. "
9.	Somatostatin (Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor)IBA 06/15/1996 - "These somatostatin analogs are also very effective in the treatment of TSH-secreting adenomas. " 11/01/1997 - "Thus, somatostatin analogues with improved selective binding affinity for these receptor subtypes may be effective in the treatment of either GH- or PRL-secreting adenomas." 01/01/2008 - "It is still unknown whether prolonged treatment with somatostatin analogs (SSTa) may cause a long-lasting disease remission in GH-secreting adenomas after drug discontinuation. " 01/01/1999 - "Even though the reason for this GH rebound has not yet been elucidated (GHRH discharge?/end of somatostatin inhibition?), the lack of late GH peak in the patients regarded as cured by the usual criteria could be due to injury to the pituitary stalk caused by the adenoma or by surgical manipulation." 06/01/2001 - "Seven patients had previously been treated with partial surgical removal (n = 6) and/or external radiation (n = 4) of their adenoma at least 1 yr before the study, whereas 4 patients had not been treated before somatostatin analog therapy. "
10.	CalciumIBA 10/14/2000 - "Calcium supplementation was associated with a modest but not significant reduction in the risk of adenoma recurrence." 01/01/2015 - "Higher serum calcium (P = 0.014) and PTH (P = 0.055) concentrations and larger tumours (P < 0.001) characterized the 206 patients with a positive preoperative scan who were cured by removal of a single adenoma. " 05/01/1995 - "The resection of this solitary adenoma improved the PTH and serum calcium concentrations to normal ranges, which resulted in an improvement in his depressive state. " 04/01/2015 - "For supplemental calcium intake, summary RR of total adenoma risk for each 300 mg/day increase was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.93-0.99; I(2) = 0%; three studies with 4,548 cases; range of supplementation = 0-1,366 mg/day). " 04/01/2015 - "Calcium intake and colorectal adenoma risk: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Adrenalectomy 12/01/1994 - "The best results were obtained in patients with adenoma who underwent adrenalectomy. " 09/01/1995 - "At the time of the study, 16 of the 33 patients had active Cushing's disease while 9 were in remission after successful surgery, 6 patients had an adrenal tumour and 2 patients had previously undergone unilateral adrenalectomy for an adrenal adenoma. " 04/01/2000 - "The clinical and hormonal features improved in all patients treated by adrenalectomy, but seemed unchanged in all those who did not undergo surgery (follow-up, 9 to 73 months), except for one, who was previously found as having nonfunctioning adenoma and then revealed to have subclinical CS. " 02/01/1995 - "Surgery confirmed the right adrenal adenoma, and the patient was cured by right adrenalectomy. " 11/01/1985 - "Adrenal adenomas are cured by adrenalectomy. "
2.	Parathyroidectomy 11/01/2001 - "Sestamibi scanning with a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy shortens operating room time and is most effective when adenomas are large. " 03/01/2012 - "In our study, 66 patients with negative results on preoperative scans were found to have a single adenoma and were surgically cured by minimally invasive/focused parathyroidectomy." 10/01/2006 - "This change has taken place because of the improved accuracy of pre-operative localizing studies in selecting patients who have single-gland parathyroid disease (single adenoma) and can therefore have a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. " 01/01/2010 - "Intraoperative PTH Assay during Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy May Be Helpful in the Detection of Double Adenomas and May Minimise the Risk of Recurrent Surgery." 07/01/2003 - "Conversion to conventional parathyroidectomy was required in 42 patients (14%): missed adenomas (11 cases), difficulties of dissection (7 cases), multiglandular disease correctly predicted by qPTH (10 cases); qPTH assay false negative results (3 cases), sestamibi scan false positive results (10 cases) and 1 sonography false positive result. "
3.	Chemoprevention 06/01/2008 - "Preclinical studies of chemoprevention drugs given in combination at low doses show remarkable efficacy in preventing adenomas with little additional toxicities, suggesting a strategy to improve risk to benefit ratios for preventing recurrent adenomas. " 01/01/1992 - "Before larger trials on chemoprevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence are conducted, additional studies are needed (a) to validate that cell kinetics is an intermediate biomarker, (b) to determine active agents, optimal dosage, and the relative efficacy of agents given alone and in combination, and (c) to test toxicity." 01/01/2014 - "Our approach is illustrated using data from a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial. " 05/01/2010 - "We report the results of a planned secondary analysis of the relationship between statin use and colorectal adenoma risk in a large chemoprevention trial. " 07/21/2009 - "Participants in an adenoma chemoprevention trial in which all participants had 1 or more adenoma found on complete colonoscopy at entry. "
4.	Radiotherapy 01/01/1981 - "After radiotherapy of 4 recidive-adenomas remission in one case was seen. " 02/01/2015 - "To assess and compare brain abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in non-functioning pituitary macro-adenoma (NFA) patients treated with or without postoperative radiotherapy (RT). " 03/01/2014 - "Because the results of surgery and radiotherapy are disappointing, primary medical therapy may be considered in virtually all patients, except in case of optic chiasm compression, especially in those harbouring large adenomas with parasellar extension." 05/01/2013 - "She subsequently developed Nelson's syndrome and underwent multiple surgeries and radiotherapy for adenoma growth. " 09/01/2010 - "The complete shrinkage of the residual adenomas was achieved after the treatment with conventional radiotherapy, with a follow-up of 13 and 14 years, respectively. "
5.	Colonoscopes 05/01/2015 - "This exploratory study suggested that a novel colonoscope with extra-wide angle of view is safe and feasible, and has the potential to improve colorectal adenoma detection. " 04/01/2015 - "Comparison of adenoma detection and miss rates between a novel balloon colonoscope and standard colonoscopy: a randomized tandem study." 03/01/2015 - "Comparison of adenoma detection and miss rates between a novel balloon colonoscope and standard colonoscopy: a randomized tandem study." 03/01/2011 - "Dynamic patient position changes during colonoscope withdrawal increase adenoma detection: a randomized, crossover trial." 07/01/2010 - "A transparent hood attached to the tip of the colonoscope helps detection of colorectal adenomas, but as far as we are aware, there has been no trial indicating its statistically significant effectiveness. "