Acute-Phase Reaction

An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.

Also Known As:

Acute Phase Reaction; Acute Phase Responses; Acute Phase State; Acute-Phase Response; Phase Response, Acute; Reaction, Acute Phase; Response, Acute Phase; State, Acute-Phase; Acute Phase Response; Acute-Phase State; Reaction, Acute-Phase; Response, Acute-Phase

Networked: 4515 relevant articles (81 outcomes, 372 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Pathologic Processes: 10023
  - Inflammation: 315011
    - Acute-Phase Reaction: 4515

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Endotoxemia
5.	Malaria

Experts

1.	Vogel, Ulla: 23 articles (10/2021 - 04/2009)
2.	Grunfeld, Carl: 18 articles (01/2017 - 04/2002)
3.	Herndon, David N: 16 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Ramadori, Giuliano: 15 articles (07/2021 - 10/2002)
5.	Feingold, Kenneth R: 15 articles (06/2012 - 04/2002)
6.	Wallin, Håkan: 13 articles (01/2021 - 04/2009)
7.	Jeschke, Marc G: 13 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Shigenaga, Judy K: 13 articles (06/2012 - 04/2002)
9.	Jacobsen, Nicklas R: 12 articles (12/2021 - 02/2012)
10.	Saber, Anne T: 10 articles (11/2019 - 04/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acute-Phase Reaction:

1.	CytokinesIBA 01/01/2016 - "We find that ablation of TRIP-Br2 ameliorates both chemical and physiological ER stress-induced inflammatory and acute phase response in adipocytes, leading to lower circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines. " 08/01/2002 - "The possibility of a decreased renal clearance of CRP and/or cytokines as a cause of an activated acute-phase response is discussed. " 07/07/2005 - "Irradiation is likely to cause an acute phase response, and the cytokines studied may be used to monitor this clinically important response in further trials." 01/01/2004 - "Several in vivo studies have demonstrated an acute-phase reaction after the first administration of aminobisphosphonates, with a significant increase in the main pro-inflammatory cytokines. " 04/01/2003 - "This study suggests that SOCS-3 plays an important role in the suppression of cytokine signaling by GH in down-regulating the acute phase response after injury."
2.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 07/01/2008 - "The administration of Hp to lymphocytes in tissue culture partially ameliorates these functional defects, lending further support to our contention that the acute phase response protein Hp has the ability to regulate immune cell responses and host immunity. " 08/23/2023 - "Supplementation of AXT increased DMI, milk, and 4% FCM, lowered VT, improved welfare indices, and enriched the AT with Nrf2-oxidative stress response and acute phase response proteins in heat-stressed dairy cows." 04/01/2021 - "The proteins identified in the study are known to regulate processes associated with cellular metabolism, transport, and acute phase response. " 02/01/2011 - "This study confirmed that the intramuscular administration of TTX increases the gene expression of the acute-phase response proteins in the liver of puffer fish T. " 01/01/2004 - "The results of this study indicate that in drug-induced maculopapular eruptions the acute phase response can be initiated and that the observed increased activity of the examined proteins lasts longer than the clinical symptoms of the disease."
3.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 01/01/1995 - "A C-reactive protein level is helpful in identifying the acute-phase response. " 03/20/2015 - "In the ImmunoGuard™ study (24 participants) acute phase response indicators (including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein) were not reduced after one month treatment. " 03/01/2005 - "The aim of the present study was to evaluate (1) the relation between the MBL pathway and postoperative infectious complications and survival of patients resected for CRC, and (2) the role of MBL in acute phase response compared to C-reactive protein (CRP). " 10/06/1997 - "It is often of great clinical value to monitor the acute phase response in humans but the assays used to measure the acute response in man (e.g., erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein) is less well suited for experimental studies in the rat. " 01/01/2022 - "For acute-phase response, anakinra probably reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) after four months (narrative summary; moderate-certainty evidence). "
4.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 11/01/2006 - "Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major regulator of the acute phase reaction in the liver and is thought to mediate protective effects in response to hepatotoxins. " 03/01/2001 - "Physical examination was noncontributory, and extensive studies revealed only a marked acute-phase response associated with increased serum IL-6 levels. " 01/01/2023 - "Numerous systemic effects were observed, such as increased plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and upregulation of the hepatic acute phase response." 01/01/2021 - "IL-6 promotes the acute phase reaction, induces B cell maturation/antibody formation, directs cytotoxic T-cell differentiation, and inhibits regulatory T-cell development. " 07/01/2019 - "At the same time, cord blood interleukin-6 indicated an activated acute-phase reaction. "
5.	Fibrinogen (Factor I)FDA Link 03/12/2016 - "The rise of FIB levels from day 2 onwards in our study can be attributed to an upregulated fibrinogen synthesis in the liver, occurring in both study groups as part of the acute phase response after tissue injury. " 08/01/1993 - "The results of these studies confirmed the induction of the acute-phase response by mrIL-6, as reflected in an approximate doubling in circulating levels of fibrinogen and C3. " 01/01/2020 - "Concurrently, the acute phase response increases the production of platelets, fibrinogen and other pro-thrombotic factors. " 01/01/2016 - "However, increased plasma fibrinogen in the RES group suggested differences in the acute phase response." 04/15/2014 - "Absence of significant elevation of fibrinogen suggested that the increase in FVIII was not due to an acute phase reaction. "
6.	Serum Amyloid A Protein (Serum Amyloid A)IBA 01/01/2020 - "Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a sensitive acute-phase response (APR) marker in equids. " 07/01/2019 - "Infected fish had significantly increased hepatic gene expression of serum amyloid A, confirming an acute-phase response. " 01/01/2017 - "GO induced a strong acute inflammatory response together with a pulmonary (Serum-Amyloid A, Saa3) and hepatic (Saa1) acute phase response. " 10/01/2014 - "Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an integral part of the innate immune response in mammals and considered to be important during the acute phase response. " 01/01/2014 - "Based on systems analysis, we observed that Zn deficiency enhances the acute phase response and particularly the JAK-STAT3 pathway, resulting in increased serum amyloid A production. "
7.	LipopolysaccharidesIBA 08/01/1993 - "An interleukin-6-induced acute-phase response does not confer protection against lipopolysaccharide lethality." 07/01/2020 - "This study was conducted to determine if feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) to calves would alter the acute phase response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. " 01/01/2019 - "This study was designed to determine if feeding a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product to weaned pigs would reduce stress and acute phase responses (APR) following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. " 01/01/2014 - "This study investigated the effects of repeated oronasal treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the humoral immune responses in saliva, vaginal mucus, and the plasma markers of the acute phase response in periparturient dairy cows. " 08/01/2009 - "The main objective of this study was to evaluate correlative relationships between rumen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediators of acute phase response with milk fat yield and efficiency in dairy cows challenged with graded amounts of barley grain in the diet. "
8.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 08/01/1995 - "Clinical trials employing cA2, a chimaeric anti-TNF-alpha MoAb, in open-label and randomized placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent efficacy with impressive improvement in disease activity and acute-phase responses lasting several weeks. " 11/01/1994 - "Clinical trials employing cA2, a monoclonal chimeric anti-TNF alpha antibody, in open-label and randomized placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent efficacy with impressive improvement in disease activity and acute phase responses lasting several weeks. " 04/01/1995 - "The impressive potential of anti-TNF alpha which was already illustrated by the immediate suppression of the acute phase response in open studies could be confirmed by a recently completed controlled trial. " 10/01/2008 - "Results reinforce the hypothesis that TNF-alpha is involved in physiological sleep regulation but plays a limited role in the acute-phase response induced by influenza virus." 09/01/2007 - "Given the similarity to an acute phase response, we were able to show that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mimicked the effects of cell isolation and culture on induction of IP-10 expression. "
9.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 12/01/2020 - "Purpose of the present study was to determine if routine biochemical markers of acute phase response are associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with good-grade aneurysmal SAH. " 05/01/2019 - "The aim of the given study was to test the in situ stability of biochemical markers of cerebral damage and acute phase response in the early post-mortem interval to assess their usability for forensic pathology. " 12/01/2018 - "Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine if routine laboratory markers of acute phase response are associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with non-aneurysmal SAH. " 06/01/2012 - "We anticipate that its identification will prove inspiring for further studies of SAAL1 homologues as biomarkers of the acute phase response." 11/20/2023 - "We show that serum biomarkers representing severe disease and acute phase response correlate with original and wavelet radiomics features in the LLL frequency channel (��(�� u �� , Z v �� ) = 0.596, p-value < 0.001). "
10.	IronIBA 01/01/2020 - "A reduction in serum iron concentrations may suggest the mounting of an acute phase response. " 11/01/2017 - "Iron metabolism in patients with GH undergoes dynamic changes in patients with GH that resemble an acute-phase reaction. " 10/14/2015 - "Markers of iron status are associated with stage of pregnancy and acute-phase response, but not with parity among pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau." 10/01/2015 - "These results indicated that cgsFer was potential candidate of immune molecules involved in acute phase response to invading microbial pathogens in Chinese giant salamander possibly through its regulatory roles in iron homeostasis. " 01/01/2013 - "We previously reported increasing amounts of liver cytoplasmic and nuclear iron content during acute phase response (APR). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/2013 - "The goal of therapy is an effective control of the acute phase reaction. " 03/01/2009 - "Besides the clinical evaluation, the serological acute phase reaction represents the main parameter for the course during therapy of this relatively frequent disease in elderly people." 06/01/2007 - "Accumulating knowledge about acute phase reaction may lead to the development of novel therapies and other prevention alternatives." 09/01/2003 - "Compared to TPN, the combined therapy of EN and PN could improve the nutrition status and moderate the acute phase response obviously. " 12/01/2002 - "Comparison of first DMARDs with subsequent ones revealed that first DMARDs were more effective: the acute-phase response decreased most prominently during first therapies (CRP reduction was 1.28 mg/dl during first courses and 0.35 mg/dl during fourth or later courses; P < 0.01); and retention rates were significantly longer for first compared with subsequent therapies (median of 24.5 months for first and 18.6 months for fourth or subsequent therapies; P < 0.001). "
2.	Oral Administration 04/01/2010 - "Side effects that emerged in clinical trials include esophageal irritation with oral administration and acute phase response with iv treatment or high-dose oral therapy. " 12/01/2021 - "In this study, we carried out a comprehensive toxicological profiling (inflammation, changes in serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, acute phase response and histopathology) of Ag NP induced adverse effects in the three organs of interest following acute exposure of the materials at identical doses via intravenous (IV), intratracheal (IT) instillation and oral administration. " 03/01/2000 - "There was no evidence of an acute phase reaction occurring after oral administration of risedronate." 09/01/2014 - "Acute phase reaction is rare, due to risedronate oral administration; it is also valid for osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical fractures. " 02/01/1997 - "The effect of oral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid on the regulation of the acute-phase response in weight-losing patients with pancreatic cancer was investigated in vitro and in vivo. "
3.	Bariatric Surgery 08/28/2021 - "The resolution of diabetes after bariatric surgery is associated with specific changes in the plasma proteomic profiles of proteins involved in acute-phase response, fibrinolysis, platelet degranulation, and blood coagulation, providing a pathophysiological basis for the study of their potential use as biomarkers of the surgical remission of T2D in a larger series of severely obese patients."
4.	Intraperitoneal Injections 02/01/2006 - "First, a mouse model of acute phase response was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. " 01/01/1994 - "The treatment of rats by intraperitoneal injection of diosmine (150 mg/kg per week) during the 8 weeks which precede the injection of carrageenan or CCl4 results in: i) a marked decrease in the acute-phase reaction and a lower one in the lipoperoxidant effect, in serum; ii) a decrease in the CCl4 induced lipoperoxidant effect in liver microsomes. " 01/01/2019 - "The acute phase response (APR) was induced by intraperitoneal injections of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC). " 02/01/2016 - "The most common models employ the induction of the acute phase response via intraperitoneal injection of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC). " 04/01/2000 - "Although intraperitoneal injection of mIL-1, mIL-6 as well as mTNF-alpha did not induce an acute-phase response, Cx32 protein expression was diminished, suggesting that post-transcriptional downregulation of Cx32 preceded the acute-phase response. "
5.	Enteral Nutrition (Feeding, Tube) 03/01/1998 - "The acute phase response and disease severity scores were significantly improved following enteral nutrition (CRP: 156 (117-222) to 84 (50-141), p < 0.005; APACHE II scores 8 (6-10) to 6 (4-8), p < 0.0001) without change in the CT scan scores. " 03/13/2005 - "Enteral feeding seems to be the only proven tool in attenuating acute phase response and improving disease severity." 01/01/2003 - "Modulation by enteral nutrition of the acute phase response and immune functions." 05/17/2010 - "Perhaps, the best therapeutic option would be to favor early hypometabolism during the ischemia-reperfusion phase, to boost the antienzymatic metabolism and to reduce hypermetabolism during the leukocytic phase through the early administration of enteral nutrition and the modulation of the acute phase response. " 03/01/1998 - "Compared with parenteral nutrition, enteral feeding attenuates the acute phase response and improves disease severity in acute pancreatitis."