Acne Vulgaris

A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.

Also Known As:

Networked: 5770 relevant articles (942 outcomes, 1014 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Cicatrix (Scar)
2.	Acne Vulgaris
3.	Hirsutism
4.	Psoriasis (Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris)
5.	Rosacea (Acne Rosacea)

Experts

1.	Zouboulis, Christos C: 46 articles (11/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Del Rosso, James Q: 44 articles (06/2015 - 08/2002)
3.	Feldman, Steven R: 36 articles (11/2015 - 10/2003)
4.	Gold, Michael H: 27 articles (12/2015 - 07/2002)
5.	Leyden, James J: 27 articles (06/2014 - 01/2002)
6.	Thiboutot, Diane: 27 articles (05/2014 - 05/2002)
7.	Thiboutot, Diane M: 26 articles (06/2015 - 01/2003)
8.	Zouboulis, C C: 21 articles (07/2015 - 03/2000)
9.	Shalita, Alan R: 20 articles (12/2012 - 05/2003)
10.	Cunliffe, W J: 19 articles (05/2007 - 05/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acne Vulgaris:

1.	Isotretinoin (Accutane)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2015 - "Isotretinoin is known to be the most effective treatment of severe and persistent acne. " 07/01/2015 - "Isotretinoin is the strongest, most effective oral treatment for patients with severe acne vulgaris, with remission rates of 89% and higher. " 01/01/2014 - "In the 1970s, the onset of isotretinoin dramatically improved acne management. " 12/01/2013 - "Isotretinoin is the most effective treatment for acne. " 04/01/2013 - "Isotretinoin has been the most effective and long-lasting drug for the treatment of severe acne for more than 30 years and can achieve long-term remission in 70-80 % of patients after a single course. "
2.	Benzoyl PeroxideFDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1979 - "The results of an open clinical trial of 200 patients in Singapore show that benzoyl peroxide, in a stable gel formulation, both in 2.5% and 5% strengths, was highly efficacious in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris without concomitant systemic therapy. " 07/01/2009 - "Benzoyl peroxide has a proven track record of safety and efficacy for the treatment of acne. " 07/01/2000 - "Despite many functions beneficial in acne therapy, benzoyl peroxide does not possess sebosuppressive capabilities. " 12/01/2015 - "Over-the-counter acne treatments have assumed more importance for the dermatologist as access and affordability of prescription acne medications has decreased.<br /> This research evaluated the efficacy of a three step acne treatment regimen containing stabilized botanical anti-inflammatory ingredients as compared to a currently marketed acne regimen.<br /> 80 female/male subjects 12+ years with mild to moderate acne (at least 10 inflammatory and 10 non-inflammatory lesions) were enrolled for 12 weeks and randomized to use the study botanical anti-inflammatory acne regimen or the traditional benzoyl peroxide comparator. " 01/01/1980 - "The results of our study have shown that this new, higher concentration formulation of benzoyl peroxide is effective in reducing the lesions of acne and is relatively nonirritating."
3.	adapalene (Differin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2008 - "Adapalene gel 0.1% was found to be a highly effective and safe drug in the treatment of mild-to-moderate infantile acne." 08/01/2007 - "A new generation product, adapalene is a good choice in the treatment of acne vulgaris with less side effects and high efficacy confirmed by numerous clinical studies." 06/01/2013 - "More subjects using adapalene-BPO reported that their acne had no effect on their quality of life, and parents noted that their child's acne significantly improved. " 08/01/2012 - "Overall, patients with mild to moderate acne treated with adapalene-BPO gel showed significant improvement in disease severity and quality of life. " 08/01/2011 - "In conclusion, the fixed-dose adapalene-BPO combination gel provides synergistic and significantly greater efficacy than its monotherapies in the treatment of acne vulgaris."
4.	Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2014 - "While tretinoin has demonstrated proven efficacy in the treatment of acne lesions, it also is associated with the potential for skin irritation. " 05/01/2006 - "The therapeutic efficacy of the tretinoin products Tretin-X (Triax Pharmaceuticals, Cranford, NJ) and Retin-A (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ) in the treatment of acne vulgaris was compared in four bioequivalence studies. " 02/01/1998 - "Topical tretinoin is effective treatment for both acne and photoaging. " 10/01/1986 - "It was reported in 1969 that topical tretinoin was effective in acne vulgaris, principally by preventing and dislodging comedones. " 07/01/2004 - "Improved efficacy and tolerability of retinoic acid in acne vulgaris: a new topical formulation with cyclodextrin complex psi."
5.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 02/01/2011 - "There was a significant reduction in the number of inflammatory acne lesions after PDT, compared to baseline (p<0.05). " 03/01/2010 - "PDT with the treatment regimen employed here may be beneficial for a subgroup of patients with inflammatory acne." 01/01/2007 - "MAL-PDT using IPL and MAL in Asians did not lead to significant improvement of moderate inflammatory acne compared with the control group. " 04/01/2006 - "PDT appeared to be an effective treatment for inflammatory acne vulgaris with no significant differences in the response rate between ALA-PDT and MAL-PDT. " 12/01/2005 - "ALA-PDT with red light was found to be effective in the reduction of the number of inflamed lesions in patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris, with no significant short-term adverse effects."
6.	Clindamycin (Cleocin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2009 - "In our pilot clinical study, we have compared the efficacy of TauBr cream with clindamycin gel, one of the most common topical agents used in the treatment of acne. " 08/01/1981 - "Also, more patients who were receiving clindamycin thought their acne improved by week 8 (with significantly higher change-in-acne scores) than did the patients receiving placebo. " 01/01/2010 - "The efficacy of clindamycin in acne treatment has been shown to be sustained for more than 3 decades. " 08/01/1981 - "These results substantiate the clinical impression that topical clindamycin is effective treatment for acne." 08/01/2009 - "Clindamycin-BP 2.5% aqueous gel is an effective and safe once-daily treatment for moderate or severe acne."
7.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/1981 - "Modern therapy for acne includes various topical agents highly effective against noninflammatory lesions, and oral or topical antibiotics effective against the inflammatory lesions. " 07/01/2011 - "Propionibacterium acnes plays an important role in the development of acne, and inflammatory lesions are improved by antibiotics. " 09/01/2008 - "Although topical therapies alone can be very effective for milder acne, there are often cases for which oral antibiotics are needed to control disease. " 09/01/2014 - "Both antibiotics and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been found to be effective in managing acne vulgaris. " 03/01/2013 - "Systemic antibiotics are an effective treatment for acne vulgaris. "
8.	RetinoidsIBA 09/01/2008 - "Topical retinoids are highly effective in the treatment of both comedonal and inflammatory lesions of acne and are a vital part of almost any acne regimen. " 01/01/2008 - "The broad anti-acne activity and safety profile of topical retinoids justifies their use as first-line treatment in most types of non-inflammatory and inflammatory acne. " 02/01/2005 - "Despite published data showing the efficacy of topical retinoids in treating inflammatory acne, in clinical practice topical retinoids tend to be used most commonly for noninflammatory acne. " 01/01/2003 - "When added to antibacterial therapy, topical retinoids demonstrate faster and significantly greater reduction of inflammatory acne lesions and comedones than antibacterials alone." 09/01/2007 - "Topical retinoids normalize desquamation, reduce comedogenesis and may enhance the penetration of other topicals providing more effective treatment of acne. "
9.	Minocycline (Cyclops)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2006 - "For a long time, minocycline has been recognized as highly efficacious for the treatment of acne vulgaris but with use-limiting acute vestibular adverse events (AVAEs). " 01/01/1985 - "Once again Minocin treatment resulted in a highly significant improvement trend (p less than 0.0001) in the severity of acne. " 01/01/2012 - "Minocycline is an effective treatment for moderate to moderately-severe inflammatory acne vulgaris, but there is still no evidence that it is superior to other commonly-used therapies. " 01/01/2010 - "Formerly, minocycline was thought to have a superior efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory acne, especially with respect to antibacterial-resistant Propionibacterium acnes. " 09/01/2003 - "Minocycline is an effective treatment of acne vulgaris, especially for inflammatory forms. "
10.	Erythromycin (Erycette)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2005 - "There is a gradual decrease in the efficacy of topical erythromycin in clinical trials of therapeutic intervention for acne, which is probably related to the development of antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria." 01/01/2012 - "Efficacy of intense pulsed light combined with topical erythromycin solution 2% versus topical erythromycin solution 2% alone in the treatment of persistent facial erythematous acne macules." 09/01/2001 - "All but two infants with moderate acne responded well to oral (paediatric) erythromycin 125 mg twice daily and topical therapy. " 05/01/1982 - "The efficacy of a topical preparation containing erythromycin in the treatment of acne." 08/01/2005 - "Analysis of clinical studies investigating the effect of topical erythromycin in acne patients indicates a significant decrease in the effect of this antibiotic on inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion count over time (r = -2.140, P = 0.001 and r = -2.032, P = 0.001, respectively). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2011 - "Many laser and light-based treatments have shown excellent clinical results in the reduction of inflammatory acne lesions and improved acne severity. " 01/01/2015 - "Significant improvement in acne was seen in both the combined (laser and peel) and chemical peel alone treatment arms (P < .0005 and P = .001). " 04/01/2012 - "This laser treatment was rapid and effective for treating not only the inflammatory but also the noninflammatory acne lesions when compared with the control side. " 12/01/2006 - "All patients had a reduction in the inflammatory acne lesion count on the laser-treated side, which was statistically significantly greater on the laser-treated side compared with the side treated physically (p=0.039, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). " 07/01/2006 - "Significant improvement in acne lesion counts were noted after the first treatment and was maintained 12 months after the third treatment, indicating significant long-term clinical remission after laser treatment."
2.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/2007 - "Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and recently methyl aminolevulinate has been shown to be a safe and effective modality for the treatment of acne vulgaris. " 11/01/2005 - "Cystic acne improved by photodynamic therapy with short-contact 5-aminolevulinic acid and sequential combination of intense pulsed light and blue light activation." 10/01/2013 - "Short-term clinical effects of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid for facial acne conglobata: an open, prospective, parallel-arm trial." 01/01/2009 - "This controlled study investigated single low-dose red light photodynamic therapy and methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) for treatment of moderate to severe facial acne in 19 patients. " 06/01/2007 - "More and more clinical trials are showing the effectiveness of 5-aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory acne vulgaris."
3.	Solid-State Lasers 11/01/2009 - "To date, reports on the safe and effective treatment of severe inflammatory facial acne with the low-fluence 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser are limited.The" 12/01/2011 - "532-nm KTP laser treatment may be an alternative method in selected acne vulgaris patients. " 12/01/2011 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 532-nm KTP laser and compare the effects of once and twice weekly applications in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. " 12/01/2011 - "Evaluation of 532-nm KTP laser treatment efficacy on acne vulgaris with once and twice weekly applications." 11/01/2009 - " authors report a case of treatment for severe inflammatory acne in a pregnant Asian female (Fitzpatrick skin type IV) with the low fluence 1064 nm Nd-YAG laser.These"
4.	Semiconductor Lasers 04/01/2009 - "Use of multiple passes of a 1,450-nm diode laser with lower fluence and shorter dynamic cooling device retains its therapeutic efficacy with substantial reduction of PIH for moderate acne." 07/01/2006 - "The 1450-nm diode laser has been known to thermally alter sebaceous glands and has been found to be effective for the treatment of inflammatory facial acne. " 02/01/2004 - "The 1450-nm diode laser has been found to damage sebaceous glands selectively and to be effective for the treatment of inflammatory acne on the back. " 02/01/2009 - "This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of low-energy, double-pass, 1450 nm diode laser treatment in the treatment of acne in Asian patients. " 08/01/2008 - "The 1,450-nm diode laser has been shown to improve acne in a study setting. "
5.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 11/01/2002 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of phototherapy with a newly-developed high-intensity, enhanced, narrow-band, blue light source in patients with mild to moderate acne. " 05/01/2013 - "This LED phototherapy was safe and effective for treating not only inflammatory but also noninflammatory acne lesions, with good compliance. " 06/01/2003 - "The data show more than an 80% response to 420 nm acne phototherapy with a significant reduction of 59-67% of inflammatory acne lesions after only eight treatments of 8-15 minutes. " 10/01/2007 - "Red light phototherapy alone is effective for acne vulgaris: randomized, single-blinded clinical trial." 02/01/2007 - "Targeted blue light phototherapy with MultiClear is effective for the treatment of inflammatory acne lesions. "