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Acetylcholine (Acetylcholine Chloride)

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A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

Also Known As:

Acetylcholine Chloride; Miochol; 2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; Acetilcolina Cusi; Acetylcholine Bromide; Acetylcholine Fluoride; Acetylcholine Hydroxide; Acetylcholine Iodide; Acetylcholine L-Tartrate; Acetylcholine Perchlorate; Acetylcholine Picrate; Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1); Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1); Alcon Brand of Acetylcholine Chloride; Bournonville Brand of Acetylcholine Chloride; Bromoacetylcholine; Chloroacetylcholine; Ciba Vision Brand of Acetylcholine Chloride; Iolab Brand of Acetylcholine Chloride; Acetylcholine L Tartrate; Bromide, Acetylcholine; Cusi, Acetilcolina; Fluoride, Acetylcholine; Hydroxide, Acetylcholine; Iodide, Acetylcholine; L-Tartrate, Acetylcholine; Perchlorate, Acetylcholine; Ethanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-

Networked: 7343 relevant articles (219 outcomes, 483 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Vincent, Angela: 41 articles (08/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Beeson, David: 25 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Christadoss, Premkumar: 24 articles (12/2015 - 07/2002)
4.	Berrih-Aknin, Sonia: 20 articles (08/2015 - 07/2003)
5.	Vincent, A: 17 articles (10/2014 - 04/2000)
6.	Ogawa, Hisao: 16 articles (09/2015 - 07/2002)
7.	Marx, Alexander: 15 articles (08/2015 - 03/2005)
8.	Tüzün, Erdem: 15 articles (04/2015 - 07/2002)
9.	Newsom-Davis, John: 15 articles (09/2008 - 08/2002)
10.	Le Panse, Rozen: 13 articles (08/2015 - 05/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Myasthenia Gravis 06/01/1990 - "Improved radioassay of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody: application for the detection of extremely low antibody titers in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis." 09/01/1994 - "The results suggest that anti-CD4 antibody administration could be effective in the treatment of severe myasthenia gravis and indicate that acetylcholine receptor-specific T lymphocytes might contribute to the disturbed neuromuscular transmission in the disease." 07/01/2013 - "This cross-sectional case control study included subjects aged between 18 and 65 years with diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) in Osserman's Stage I and Stage IIa and those in remission with positive and negative acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChRAb). " 01/01/2012 - "Recently, the prognosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) has improved considerably because the commercial measurement of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody has been introduced and early treatment with steroid at large quantities has been utilized. " 04/01/2002 - "Although improvement usually parallels decrease in acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChRAb) levels and jitter values, there is a question what factors influence immunological and electrophysiological remission in a population of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. "
2.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 02/01/2007 - "This dual action might be more beneficial for treatment of Alzheimer s disease than simple inhibition of the acetylcholine hydrolysis. " 01/01/2001 - "Today, cognitive impairment can be successfully treated with acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChE-I) in many, but not all, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). " 03/01/2007 - "Since NK-1-R antagonists have anxiolytic and promestic properties and induce hippocampal acetylcholine release at lower doses, they might be effective in the alleviation of the cognitive deficits and increased anxiety seen in early stages of Alzheimer's disease." 01/01/1999 - "However, this ability of neurons in the cortical neuronal network to rapidly adjust to changes in extracellular levels of acetylcholine questions the potential efficacy of therapeutic treatments designed to increase ambient levels of acetylcholine as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease or to enhance mechanisms of learning and memory." 07/31/1989 - "Since our method could selectively reduce cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain without damage to the non-cholinergic neurons or passing fibers in this nucleus, this animal model method seems to be very useful in analyzing the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease or in examining the function of acetylcholine in the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain."
3.	Ischemia 01/01/1999 - "Preconditioning induced by three cycles of 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion produced a significant improvement in cardiac function concomitantly with an amelioration of vasodilator responses to acetylcholine. " 10/01/2006 - "[Advances in protective effects of vagal nerve and acetylcholine against ischemia injury to myocardium]." 04/01/1992 - "Vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine were severely impaired during the first hour of reperfusion but gradually improved over a 90-minute period after ischemia. " 06/30/2006 - "A microdialysis study showed that spontaneous release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the dorsal hippocampus had a tendency to decrease in response to Abeta treatment alone or the combination of ischemia and Abeta. " 08/01/2014 - "Coronary microvascular dysfunction assessed by intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing is a frequent cause of ischemia and angina in patients with exercise-induced electrocardiographic changes and unobstructed coronary arteries."
4.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 01/22/2002 - "Moreover, ASA treatment significantly improved the impaired aortic relaxation response to acetylcholine and markedly attenuated the age-dependent development of hypertension in SHRs. " 11/01/2001 - "Results demonstrated that chronic treatment with H(4)B significantly improved the impaired vascular responses to acetylcholine and suppressed the development of hypertension in SHR but did not affect WKY. " 06/01/1996 - "A surprising finding was that acetylcholine-induced relaxation was preserved, even slightly improved not only in young SHR (7 weeks) with developing hypertension but also in adult SHR (21 weeks) with established hypertension, which can be interpreted as a compensatory mechanism. " 01/01/2014 - "The vasodilation of mesenteric resistance arteries to acetylcholine was impaired in ANG II hypertension; however, it was improved with EET-B treatment. " 08/01/1998 - "More studies about mechanisms of the enhanced release of acetylcholine in the RVL of experimentally hypertensive animals will provide important information for central mechanisms of hypertension."
5.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 08/03/2015 - "Acetylcholine ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation via M3 AChR-AMPK signaling." 09/01/2007 - "An increased level of acetylcholine in the central nervous system may be responsible for the improved performance of the hypoxia-treated mice." 06/01/2013 - "The present study determined the involvement of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the cardiopotection of acetylcholine in H9c2 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). " 01/01/2011 - "Recent studies also suggested that acetylcholine (ACh) prevented the hypoxia-induced apoptosis of mouse ES cells by inhibiting the ROS production. " 02/01/2008 - "This study examined the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the hypoxia-induced apoptosis of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Antibodies
2.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)
3.	Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
4.	Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Anticholinesterases)
5.	Acetylcholinesterase
6.	Muscarinic Receptors (Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor)
7.	Nicotine
8.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
9.	Neurotransmitter Agents (Neurotransmitter)
10.	Nitroprusside (Sodium Nitroprusside)

Related Therapies and Procedures

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5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)