Acetylcarnitine (Alcar)

An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

Also Known As:

Alcar; Acetyl-L-Carnitine; Carnitine, Acetyl; Acetylcarnitine, (R)-Isomer; Branigen; Levocarnitine Acetyl; Acetyl L Carnitine; Acetyl Carnitine; Medosan; 1-Propanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt

Networked: 589 relevant articles (91 outcomes, 155 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 133
- Amines: 4871
  - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: 136
    - Trimethyl Ammonium Compounds: 1
      - Carnitine: 4291
        Acetylcarnitine: 589
        acetylcarnitine arginyl amide: 2
        3-acetylaminocarnitine
        bromoacetylcarnitine
        hemiacetylcarnitinium
        S-acetylthiocarnitine
        undecanoylcarnitine

Experts

1.	Calvani, Menotti: 11 articles (01/2009 - 12/2002)
2.	Nicolai, Raffaella: 8 articles (10/2013 - 12/2002)
3.	Malaguarnera, Mariano: 7 articles (05/2014 - 12/2006)
4.	Vacante, Marco: 7 articles (05/2014 - 03/2008)
5.	Wiberg, Mikael: 7 articles (01/2012 - 07/2002)
6.	Ghelardini, Carla: 6 articles (04/2018 - 12/2002)
7.	Malaguarnera, Michele: 6 articles (05/2014 - 03/2008)
8.	Liu, Jiankang: 6 articles (04/2014 - 02/2002)
9.	Rampello, Liborio: 6 articles (12/2011 - 12/2006)
10.	Terenghi, Giorgio: 6 articles (11/2011 - 07/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 09/01/2002 - "Clinical trials of acetyl-l-carnitine indicate that it is well-tolerated and may be effective in younger Alzheimer's disease patients and may be an effective adjuvant treatment. " 01/01/1994 - "This suggests an explanation of the positive results obtained with ALCAR in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease." 11/01/1991 - "In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial, we studied the efficacy of long-term (1-year) oral treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine in 130 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. " 11/12/2008 - "In double-blind controlled studies, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) demonstrated beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease. " 06/01/1998 - "Acetyl L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach."
2.	Pain (Aches) 05/01/2007 - "There was no statistically significant difference in changes in VAS over 14 days between groups for the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, but for the efficacy-evaluable (EE) population ALCAR treatment produced a significantly greater reduction in pain compared with placebo (P=0.022). " 01/01/2021 - "Although they differ in pharmacological profiles, ALCAR and KET both modulate aminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions and pain and mood. " 02/17/2010 - "Aimed to explore the link between pain and neuroregeneration, the effect of ALCAR treatment (100 mg kg(-1) i.p. " 05/01/2007 - "ALCAR, administered twice a day intramuscularly to HIV-1-infected patients with symptomatic ATN, significantly reduced weekly mean pain ratings on the VAS compared with placebo. " 01/01/1997 - "We studied the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on pain in 16 HIV+ patients affected by painful distal symmetrical neuropathy. "
3.	Mitochondrial Diseases (Mitochondrial Disease) 01/16/2016 - "Meanwhile, based on the metabolomics profiling, application of acetyl-L-carnitine is suggested to ameliorate mitochondria dysfunction associated with Al2O3 NPs." 04/01/2012 - "We here demonstrate that administration of ALCAR to hypoxic rats for a period of 2 weeks effectively protected hippocampal neurons from mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neurodegeneration. " 03/01/2008 - "Previous work suggests that ALCAR is neuroprotective in other nerve injury models and that it improves mitochondrial dysfunction. " 10/01/2004 - "Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurotoxicity of MPP+: partial protection of PC12 cells by acetyl-L-carnitine." 07/01/2010 - "In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) administration on mitochondrial dysfunction following tenth thoracic level contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. "
4.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) 01/01/2018 - "In summary, chronic hypoxia renders the heart more susceptible to acute hypoxic injury, which can be improved by activation of the PDC and pooling of acetylcarnitine. " 04/01/2012 - "Becasue mitochondrial biogenesis could be a possible mechanism for ALCAR-induced improvement in bioenergetics in neurons, the present study aimed at exploring signaling pathways of ALCAR-induced neuroprotection in hypoxia and possible occurrence of mitochondrial biogenesis. " 06/30/2009 - "The results displayed reference memory impairment in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (7620 m) for 14 consecutive days which however improved on administration of ALCAR during hypoxic exposure. " 06/30/2009 - "The present study therefore reveals the therapeutic potential of ALCAR under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia and elucidates a novel mechanism of action of the drug." 01/01/2018 - "DCA feeding in chronic hypoxia (per os, 70 mg kg-1 day-1 ) doubled cardiac acetylcarnitine content, and this fell following acute hypoxia. "
5.	Asthenozoospermia 04/28/2019 - "Poor Efficacy of L-Acetylcarnitine in the Treatment of Asthenozoospermia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes." 09/01/2005 - "Placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, or combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia." 06/01/2004 - "A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial of the use of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl-carnitine treatment in men with asthenozoospermia." 06/01/2004 - "To determine the efficacy of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl-carnitine therapy in infertile males with oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. " 03/01/2021 - "The meta-analysis was performed to access efficacy of L-carnitine/L-acetyl-carnitine (LC/LAC) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Acetylcarnitine (Alcar)
2.	Carnitine (L-Carnitine)
3.	Thioctic Acid (Lipoic Acid)
4.	Antioxidants
5.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)
6.	Cysteine (L-Cysteine)
7.	coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
8.	Vitamins
9.	Cisplatin (Platino)
10.	Vitamin B 12 (Cyanocobalamin)

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