Threatened Abortion

UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 765 relevant articles (29 outcomes, 87 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)
2.	Uterine Hemorrhage (Uterine Bleeding)
3.	Premature Birth (Birth, Premature)
4.	Hematoma
5.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)

Experts

1.	Ku, Chee Wai: 7 articles (01/2020 - 01/2015)
2.	Tan, Thiam Chye: 7 articles (01/2020 - 01/2015)
3.	Tan, Nguan Soon: 6 articles (01/2020 - 01/2015)
4.	Coomarasamy, Arri: 5 articles (01/2021 - 01/2020)
5.	Devall, Adam J: 5 articles (01/2021 - 01/2020)
6.	Allen, John C: 5 articles (01/2020 - 01/2015)
7.	Gallos, Ioannis D: 4 articles (01/2021 - 01/2020)
8.	Szekeres-Bartho, Julia: 4 articles (01/2021 - 04/2005)
9.	Di Renzo, Gian Carlo: 4 articles (01/2020 - 12/2005)
10.	Lek, Sze Min: 4 articles (09/2018 - 01/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Threatened Abortion:

1.	ProgesteroneFDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2015 - "In both groups, the subjects improved significantly but, in general, a better and faster evolution in the major signs of threatened miscarriage was observed in the subjects treated with ALA and Progesterone. " 11/01/2007 - "The effect of ZBD is superior to that of progesterone in treating women of early threatened abortion with dark area surrounding pregnancy sac." 01/01/2021 - "We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to demonstrate the efficacy of progesterone on the threatened miscarriage pregnancy. " 01/01/2021 - "Efficacy of progesterone on threatened miscarriage: an updated meta-analysis of randomized trials." 01/01/2021 - "The efficacy of progesterone supplementation in the treatment of threatened miscarriage is controversial. "
2.	Progestins (Progestagens)IBA 01/01/2018 - "Evidence suggests that progestogens are also effective for treating threatened miscarriage. " 08/01/2016 - "A recent Cochrane review reported that progestogens were effective for treating threatened miscarriage with no harmful effects on mother or fetus. " 01/01/2020 - "Results of randomised controlled trials on the efficacy of progestogen in the treatment of threatened miscarriage remain inconsistent. " 09/01/2018 - "There has not been conclusive evidence in literature on the efficacy of progestogen in the treatment of threatened miscarriage, although some studies showed benefits. " 01/01/2020 - "To investigate whether the use of progestogen is associated with improved event rate of live birth and other benefits in women with threatened miscarriage. "
3.	CytokinesIBA 10/01/2003 - "A study of association between pro-inflammatory cytokines, and missed and threatened abortions with good outcome has been performed. " 07/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate circulating and intracellular levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in women with threatened miscarriage (TM) and subsequent outcome. " 01/01/2006 - "The purpose of the present study was to examine the profile of selected proinflammatory cytokines in maternal serum of first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion (TACP) and its relevance to obstetric outcome. " 07/18/2023 - "Proinflammatory cytokine profiles were associated with a higher risk of threatened miscarriage." 07/18/2023 - "Student t test was used to compare the selected cytokine between women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy. "
4.	DydrogesteroneFDA Link 01/01/2023 - "Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of integrating Gushen Antai Pills and dydrogesterone in patients with threatened miscarriage, and reported the outcomes of interest. " 01/01/2016 - "A randomized double-blind controlled trial of the use of dydrogesterone in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial." 12/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether dydrogesterone helps to preserve pregnancy in women with threatened miscarriage. " 01/01/2023 - "This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Gushen Antai Pills combined with dydrogesterone in the treatment of threatened miscarriage. " 01/01/2023 - "Efficacy and safety of Gushen Antai Pills combined with dydrogesterone in the treatment of threatened miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis."
5.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 09/09/2022 - "However, no study has investigated whether combing these three hormones could predict threatened miscarriage. " 07/01/2000 - "Although hormones have been clearly proven to be ineffective in preventing threatened abortion, the study shows an almost unchanged and out of date prescription pattern of progestational drugs. " 01/01/1979 - "The study shows that the three hormones examined gave a good indication of the prognosis in threatened abortion, both separately and in combination. " 09/09/2022 - "Thus, we aim to establish machine learning models utilizing these three hormones to predict threatened miscarriage risk. " 07/22/2019 - "The natural logarithm transformed (Ln) hCG and Lnestrogen of women with threatened abortion and gestational age ≤ 6 weeks were significantly higher than values for the normal controls of the same gestational age (8.6 ± 1.2 vs. 7.4 ± 1.7 mIU/mL and 5.8 ± 0.4 vs. 5.4 ± 0.5 pg/mL); the two hormones reached similar levels in the groups of gestational age > 6 weeks. "
6.	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1969 - "[Studies on chorionic gonadotropin excretion in threatened abortion]." 08/01/1955 - "[Study of chorionic gonadotropin in threatened abortion]." 04/28/2021 - "Predictive value of hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin for pregnancy outcomes in threatened abortion in first-trimester viable pregnancies." 08/15/2003 - "In an effort to evaluate the prognosis of threatened abortion, we established the ratio of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as measured by bioassay or radioimmunoassay techniques, of samples from patients with threatened abortion or normal pregnancy. " 08/15/2003 - "Bioactive to immunoreactive ratio of circulating human chorionic gonadotropin as possible evaluation for the prognosis of threatened abortion."
7.	Estradiol (Delestrogen)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1986 - "II. Serum estradiol-17beta level in women with threatened abortion whose pregnancies terminated in labor]." 07/01/1984 - "Ultrasound and estradiol plasma levels in threatened abortion." 06/18/1984 - "[The prognostic value of ultrasonic scanning and serum estradiol in threatened abortion]." 03/01/1980 - "Threatened abortion studied by estradiol-17 beta in serum and ultrasound." 08/01/1996 - "In differentiating threatened abortion from spontaneous abortion (9 patients), the estradiol assay had a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 100%. "
8.	Zishen YutaiIBA 06/01/2023 - "Randomized controlled trials published before the end of Apr 1, 2023 on Zishen Yutai Pill and threatened miscarriage were systematically retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Sinomed, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. " 06/01/2023 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zishen Yutai Pill combined with western medicine for the treatment of women with threatened miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy. " 06/01/2023 - "Zishen yutai pill as an adjuvant therapy in threatened Miscarriage:A meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials." 12/05/2021 - "The search terms used in this review include, 'Zishen Yutai Pills' and/or 'reproduction', 'assisted reproductive techniques', 'pregnancy', 'threatened abortion', 'miscarriage', 'fertility', 'infertility', 'disorders', 'women health', 'toxicity', and 'adverse effects'. " 06/01/2016 - "Study on prevention effect of Zishen Yutai pill combined with progesterone for threatened abortion in rats."
9.	Plant ExtractsIBA 05/01/2009 - "Ficus capensis, a wild fig tree is used in herbal medicines to treat pregnancy related ailment and most especially as a remedy for threatened abortion. " 05/16/2012 - "More high quality studies are necessary to further evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines for threatened miscarriage." 05/16/2012 - "There was insufficient evidence to assess the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines alone for treating threatened miscarriage.A combination of Chinese herbal and Western medicines was more effective than Western medicines alone for treating threatened miscarriage. " 05/16/2012 - "However, there has been no systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines for threatened miscarriage. " 05/16/2012 - "Chinese herbal medicines for threatened miscarriage."
10.	IodineIBA 05/20/1958 - "[Study of the pregnancy test with iodine in threatened abortion]." 01/20/1968 - "[Note on blood protein-bound iodine in threatened abortion]." 09/01/1956 - "Blood protein-bound iodine determinations as a measure of thyroid function in normal pregnancy and threatened abortion." 01/01/1974 - "The predictive efficacy of plasma level tests of progesterone, human placental lactogen (HPL) activity, serum protein-bound iodine (S-PBI), and triiodothyronine uptake, and urinary levels of estrone and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in evaluating the outcome of pregnancy in 75 cases of threatened abortion between Weeks 7-26 of pregnancy was studied. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 02/01/2022 - "Approximately half of the patients with threatened miscarriage suffer an abortion, and consistent medication therapy to prevent threatened miscarriage is lacking. " 01/01/2022 - "Efficacy and safety of Yunkang oral liquid combined with conventional therapy for threatened miscarriage of first-trimester pregnancy a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis." 12/01/2016 - "This therapy has been applied in a large number of women with threatened abortion, despite various degrees of success of its efficacy. " 03/22/2012 - "With the lack of current medical options for women presenting with threatened miscarriage it is timely to examine the possible treatment benefits of providing CAM therapies such as acupuncture. " 01/01/2010 - "[Critical assessment of current therapy of threatened abortion. "
2.	Chinese Traditional Medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 03/17/2023 - "Traditional Chinese medicine, a characteristic medical system inherited for thousands of years, often applies Shoutai pills in the treatment of Threatened abortion and has achieved good results. " 01/01/2022 - "Therefore, the clinical efficacy of the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of PCOS with threatened abortion was systematically evaluated, and the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the blood fibrinolytic status of patients was also evaluated. " 04/01/1985 - "[Treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese medicine--a clinical analysis of 62 cases]." 11/01/1997 - "To explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on abnormal maternal-fetal immune and endocrine in 24 cases of threatened abortion (TA) and 68 cases of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). " 10/11/2011 - "[corrected] The Taxillus liquidambaricola has been used to treat rheumatic arthralgia, threatened abortion and hypertension in the Chinese traditional medicine. "
3.	Bed Rest (Bedrest) 10/01/2001 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bed-rest in the treatment of threatened abortion. " 10/01/2001 - "These results suggest that bed-rest does not improve the prognosis of threatened abortion." 06/01/1974 - "[Nursing of patients with threatened abortion who are on forced bedrest]." 07/01/1953 - "Evaluation of bed rest in threatened abortion." 03/15/1994 - "The patient presented with threatened abortion and was managed with bed rest and blood transfusion. "
4.	Complementary Therapies (Alternative Medicine) 01/01/2023 - "Thus, complementary medicine gradually become a new treatment option for treating threatened miscarriage. " 03/22/2012 - "Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies have the potential to provide supportive care for women presenting with threatened miscarriage. "
5.	Kampo Medicine (Kampo) 01/01/2006 - "Efficacy of the Kampo medicine Xiong-gui-jiao-ai-tang, a traditional herbal medicine, in the treatment of threatened abortion in early pregnancy."