Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy

A rare eye disease characterized by areas of partial vision loss (scotoma) as well as perception of flashes of light (photopsia). It most commonly occurs in younger women; the cause is unknown but may be a result of infections or AUTOIMMUNITY.

Networked: 59 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	White Dot Syndromes
2.	Multifocal Choroiditis
3.	Ocular Paraneoplastic Syndromes
4.	Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
5.	Disease Progression

Experts

1.	Saito, Wataru: 3 articles (10/2021 - 07/2007)
2.	Jampol, Lee M: 2 articles (07/2022 - 01/2007)
3.	Hashimoto, Yuki: 2 articles (10/2021 - 03/2014)
4.	Ishida, Susumu: 2 articles (10/2021 - 03/2014)
5.	Noda, Kousuke: 2 articles (10/2021 - 03/2014)
6.	Saito, Michiyuki: 2 articles (10/2021 - 03/2014)
7.	Freund, K Bailey: 2 articles (03/2020 - 10/2013)
8.	Cohen, Salomon Y: 2 articles (01/2018 - 01/2007)
9.	Yannuzzi, Lawrence A: 2 articles (01/2018 - 07/2013)
10.	Ito, Yasuki: 2 articles (08/2015 - 01/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy:

1.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/2015 - "To report the efficacy of systemic steroid in treating acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). " 01/01/2018 - "To report on the use of intravitreal steroids in the management of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), a rare disorder affecting the outer retina. " 01/01/2018 - "Treatment of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy With Intravitreal Steroids." 06/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to report a patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) unilaterally, who received steroid pulse therapy. " 06/01/2012 - "Improvement of central visual function following steroid pulse therapy in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy."
2.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 01/01/2014 - "To study the changes in the outer retinal microstructures during a six month period after the onset of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR)-complex by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). " 10/01/2021 - "Comparison of clinical characteristics in patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy according to anti-retinal antibody status." 03/01/2021 - "Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy complex disease: Lessons learned about choroid, photoreceptors, and retinal function." 07/01/2020 - "Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is an outer retinal disorder characterized by the acute loss of visual functions. " 01/01/2018 - "Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a presumed inflammatory disorder with outer retinal dysfunction. "
3.	AntibodiesIBA 04/01/2017 - "To perform a comprehensive review and to investigate the presence and role of autoimmune antibodies in 25 cases of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) identified using the classification originally proposed by J. " 04/01/2017 - "Prevalence of Antiretinal Antibodies in Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy: A Comprehensive Review of 25 Cases." 01/01/2017 - "Prevalence of Antiretinal Antibodies in Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy: A Comprehensive Review of 25 Cases." 11/01/2014 - "Autologous antibodies to outer retina in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy." 07/01/2019 - "A normal full-body positron emission tomography scan, negative antibodies for cancer-associated retinopathy and abnormal electroretinogram led to a diagnosis of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. "
4.	Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2015 - "Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy is noninfectious zonal dysfunction of outer retina often adjacent to optic nerve. " 07/01/2013 - "Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) was described by Gass in 1992 as an independent posterior uveitis characterized by photopsias and rapid visual field zonal loss, with 70% of cases stabilizing within 6 months, although there is a paucity of long-term documentation of AZOOR cases. " 09/01/2011 - "Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is characterized by an acute zonal loss of outer retinal function with minimal ophthalmoscopic changes in one or both eyes. "
5.	Indocyanine Green (Cardio-Green)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2019 - "Indocyanine green angiography (IA) showed late hypofluorescence and there was mild hyperautofluorescence which is known from acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). " 07/01/2007 - "Indocyanine green angiography in a case of punctate inner choroidopathy associated with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy." 11/01/2004 - "A patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy was imaged with fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and autofluorescence photography. "
6.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2022 - "Ocular imaging including fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence and OCT suggested the diagnosis of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy in the left eye. " 11/01/2004 - "A patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy was imaged with fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and autofluorescence photography. "
7.	AntigensIBA 05/01/2007 - "The presence of fungal antibodies and antigens in the serum of a patient diagnosed in 1996 with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy caused by Candida famata infection was examined. " 11/01/2011 - "[Blind spot enlargement syndrome in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy with detection of autoantibodies against the retinal antigens CRALBP and S-Ag]."
8.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 03/01/2014 - "The increase in mean blur rate at 4 weeks in corticosteroid-treated acute zonal occult outer retinopathy eyes was significantly higher than that in corticosteroid-treated control eyes. " 03/01/2014 - "Sixteen eyes of 11 acute zonal occult outer retinopathy patients: seven non-treated eyes with good visual acuity and nine systemic corticosteroid-treated eyes with progressive visual acuity loss. " 01/01/2015 - "Systemic corticosteroids therapy in the management of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy."
9.	Adalimumab (Humira)FDA Link 10/01/2023 - "Optic coherence tomography angiography may be a potential tool to monitor progression and response to treatment in addition to other imaging modalities in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, and the combination of adalimumab and mycophenolate may be useful in recurrent disease." 04/01/2014 - "Successful treatment of an overlapping choriocapillaritis between multifocal choroiditis and acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) with adalimumab (Humira™)."
10.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 01/01/2018 - "To report the clinical course and multimodal imaging features of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment or photodynamic therapy (PDT). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 06/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to report a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) with spontaneous remission that was followed up using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO). " 06/01/2015 - "Spontaneous remission of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy: follow-up using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy." 08/28/2023 - "Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR): Case report with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy retromode imaging." 08/01/2015 - "To investigate the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopic images obtained with near-infrared (IR) light in eyes with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). " 03/01/2014 - "To evaluate changes of choroidal circulation quantitatively using laser speckle flowgraphy in patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. "
2.	Therapeutics 04/01/2014 - "To report a case of overlapping choriocapillaritis that initially presented as multifocal choroiditis (MFC) but later showed features compatible with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) resistant to standard immunosuppression that responded only to adalimumad therapy. " 06/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to report a patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) unilaterally, who received steroid pulse therapy. " 01/01/2015 - "Systemic corticosteroids therapy in the management of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy." 06/01/2012 - "Improvement of central visual function following steroid pulse therapy in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy."
3.	Intravitreal Injections 12/06/2017 - "Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR): a case report of vision improvement after intravitreal injection of Ozurdex."
4.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/2018 - "To report the clinical course and multimodal imaging features of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment or photodynamic therapy (PDT). "