Blount disease

A developmental condition characterized by disordered endochondral ossification of the medial part of the proximal tibial physis resulting in multiplanar deformities of the lower limb. It is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with distinct infantile (OMIM: 188700) and adolescent (OMIM: 259200) forms.

Also Known As:

Networked: 119 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 22 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
3.	Blount disease
4.	Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses
5.	Genu Varum

Experts

1.	Sabharwal, Sanjeev: 4 articles (11/2015 - 07/2013)
2.	Zhao, Caixia: 3 articles (11/2015 - 07/2013)
3.	Butarbutar, John Christian Parsaoran: 2 articles (06/2022 - 04/2022)
4.	Siahaan, Lasa Dhakka: 2 articles (06/2022 - 04/2022)
5.	Sugiarto, Muhammad Alwy: 2 articles (06/2022 - 04/2022)
6.	Bowen, J Richard: 2 articles (01/2020 - 04/2012)
7.	Eidelman, Mark: 2 articles (07/2015 - 06/2008)
8.	Katzman, Alexander: 2 articles (07/2015 - 06/2008)
9.	Khanfour, Ashraf A: 2 articles (06/2014 - 06/2010)
10.	Atmaca, Halil: 2 articles (03/2014 - 01/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Blount disease:

1.	tributyl phosphate (TBP)IBA 02/01/2020 - "In conclusion, efficacy of TBP still needs to be proven in Blount disease and implant design may warrant reassessment. " 10/18/2023 - "Our understanding of the efficacy of guided growth surgery with tension-band plating (TBP) in early-onset Blount disease is evolving. " 02/01/2020 - "The purpose of our study is to evaluate the surgical failure rates of TBP in Blount disease and characterize predictors for failure. " 10/18/2023 - "Based on these results, TBP for early-onset Blount disease should be the first-line surgical treatment. " 10/18/2023 - "Inclusion criteria were a radiographic diagnosis of early-onset Blount disease (LS changes present), surgery with TBP, and follow-up beyond implant removal. "
2.	1,4-thiomorpholine-3,5-dicarboxylic acidIBA 04/01/2019 - "The purpose of this study was to estimate the rate of spontaneous improvement in tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (TMDA) in physiologic bowing in comparison to that in Blount disease and to provide reference values of TMDA for monitoring patients with highly suspected to have Blount disease.We" 04/01/2019 - " the rate of TMDA change can be helpful for physicians seeking to monitor infants with suspected as having Blount disease with a high TMDA and to avoid unnecessary repeat radiographic evaluations." 04/01/2019 - "Changes in TMDA were not significant in the Blount disease group.Knowing" 04/01/2019 - " with Blount disease had(1) more than 2 standing long bone radiographs obtained before 36 months of age and(2) underwent no treatment during the period in which these images were obtained.TMDA measurements were obtained from 174 patients with physiologic bowing and 32 patients with Blount disease. " 03/01/2001 - "Children with TMDA > or =10 degrees and EMA >20 degrees are at greater risk for development of Blount disease and should be followed closely."
3.	4-(N-maleimido)benzyltrimethylammonium (MPTA)IBA 05/01/2019 - "MPTA, MAD, and JLCA all significantly improved regardless of the underlying diagnosis (infantile vs. adolescent Blount disease) or history of prior surgical intervention. "
4.	4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride (TSF)IBA 12/01/2016 - "The purpose of the current study is to report our experience in management of adolescent tibia vara using Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF). " 05/01/2019 - "Both Iliazarov and TSF are viable treatment options for infantile and adolescent Blount disease, with the ability to significantly improve both the limb mechanical axis and the mechanical axis of the affected tibia. " 12/01/2016 - "Although we have not directly compared the TSF with the Ilizarov fixator, this series serves to highlight the versatility and effectiveness of the TSF in the treatment of complex and often obstinate adolescent tibia vara." 05/01/2003 - "Nineteen patients (22 tibias), 6 with infantile and 13 with adolescent tibia vara, underwent correction with TSF. " 06/01/2008 - "The purpose of the current study was to examine the results of treatment of patients with adolescent tibia vara treated by tibial osteotomy and Taylor spatial frame (TSF) without fibular osteotomy. "
5.	ElementsIBA 01/01/2013 - "Stress distribution comparisons of foot bones in patient with tibia vara: a finite element study." 01/01/2013 - "Three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses of human lower limb were used to investigate and compare the loading on foot bones in normal population and patient with tibia vara. " 09/01/1983 - "To elucidate the cause of tibia vara, finite element analysis of the proximal tibia was used to investigate the stresses occurring in the physeal plate during one-legged stance in 2- and 5-year-old children. " 03/01/2014 - "The effect of proximal tibial corrective osteotomy on menisci, tibia and tarsal bones: a finite element model study of tibia vara."
6.	Cimetidine (Biomet)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results of gradual correction for severe or recurrent Blount disease using the Biomet Multi-Axial Correction (MAC; Biomet Trauma, Parsippany, NJ) external fixator to our historical controls using other devices (such as the Ilizarov and Garche T-clamp). "
7.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2016 - "Vitamin D Status in Blount Disease." 12/01/2010 - "As our findings indicate, BMI and vitamin D levels have a strong association with Blount disease, which may be especially important among males. " 12/01/2010 - "Patients with very low vitamin D levels were 7.33 times more likely to have Blount disease than patients with higher levels (P=0.002). " 12/01/2010 - "Blount disease was found to have a statistically significant (P<0.05) positive association with patient's sex, BMI, and vitamin D level. " 12/01/2010 - "Data obtained included body mass index (BMI), vitamin D levels (25-vitamin D), history of fractures, Blount disease, and/or SCFE. "
8.	A-factor (Streptomyces)IBA 04/01/2002 - "Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia is a rare benign entity, previously described as a factor responsible for causing tibia vara at the walking age. " 07/01/2016 - "There is no evidence that vitamin D deficiency is a factor in causing Blount disease. "
9.	TeaIBA 03/01/2014 - "The TEA in the tibia vara group had 6.1º of external rotation relative to the PC line, which was not significantly different from the 6.0º of external rotation in the non-tibia vara group. " 03/01/2014 - "We compared the external rotation angle of the TEA relative to the PC line between groups in order to investigate the presence of distal femoral anatomical adaptation in the tibia vara group. "
10.	SolutionsIBA 01/01/2011 - "Open-wedge high tibia osteotomy provides a satisfactory solution for constitutional high tibia vara with minor morbidity on behalf of the patient in the short-term follow-up period."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Osteotomy 03/01/2009 - "The double osteotomy for Blount disease achieved significant improvement in all patients recurrence appeared to be because of under correction and subsequent worsening of the tibial osteotomy and not collapse of the plateau elevation. " 07/01/2008 - "In Langenskiold stage IV tibia vara, elevation of medial tibial plateau, a subtuberosity valgus derotation osteotomy and a concomitant lateral hemiephiphysiodesis has given good results." 01/01/2018 - "Proximal opening wedge osteotomy (POWO) is a reproducible, safe and effective technique for correction of adolescent tibia vara, with potential advantages of fewer return visits and sooner return to weight bearing than external fixation. " 04/01/2023 - "This study aimed to examine and utilize various predictors to develop a prediction score for infantile Blount disease recurrence after tibial osteotomy. " 06/01/2022 - "This study aims to enrich our understanding about the recent advances of treatments for Blount disease by reviewing 15 articles published with osteotomy surgeries and fixation methods. "
2.	Orthotic Devices (Orthosis) 01/01/2015 - "We found that orthoses were an effective treatment for the infantile tibia vara gait characteristics in this patient. " 01/01/2023 - "This study aims to reveals the effects of orthosis on plantar pressure in infantile tibia vara. " 01/01/2023 - "Albeit some studies have revealed the effectiveness of the orthosis use in infantile tibia vara (ITV), hitherto no study has shown the effects of these orthosis on plantar pressures. " 01/01/2015 - "A male infant with bilateral tibia vara used orthoses for five months. " 01/01/2015 - "Orthosis Effects on the Gait of a Child with Infantile Tibia Vara."
3.	External Fixators 09/01/2019 - "Patients treated for Blount disease using external fixator from 2002 to 2016 were recruited for the study. " 03/01/2009 - "The MAC external fixator provides an acceptable alternative for gradual correction of Blount disease. " 03/01/2009 - "Gradual correction of Blount disease has been described with both unilateral and circular external fixators. " 03/01/2009 - "Treatment of Blount disease: a comparison between the multiaxial correction system and other external fixators." 11/01/2006 - "Acute correction (AC) group consisted of 14 patients (14 tibiae) with a mean age of 11.4 years and whose tibia vara was corrected acutely and held using an EBI external fixator. "
4.	Knee Replacement Arthroplasty (Total Knee Replacement) 09/25/2023 - "This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for tibia vara knees and the associated changes in joint space malalignment (JSM) and joint line obliquity (JLO). " 09/25/2023 - "Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in Tibia Vara Knees Results in Joint Surface Malalignment and Varus Joint Line Obliquity, but Does Not Affect Functional Outcomes at Greater Than 5 Years Follow-Up." 06/01/2022 - "Thus, it challenged the neutral knee arthroplasty alignment target because some people may present a proximal tibia vara. " 04/01/2022 - "Tibial reference point in total knee arthroplasty in patient with proximal tibia vara: A case report." 10/01/2021 - "We present a patient with bilateral neglected Blount disease who underwent successful bilateral total knee arthroplasty performed in a staged fashion using a gap balancing technique with constrained condylar knee implants."
5.	Ilizarov Technique 06/07/2012 - "Twenty children from the Sporting Health Insurance Student Reference Hospital-Alexandria, with a diagnosis of late onset tibia vara were evaluated for the effect of the Langenskiold staging system on the prognosis after they all had been treated by gradual correction by Ilizarov technique using the so called "juxta-articular hinge assembly" after a mean follow-up period of 4.9 years (range : 4-6, SD 0.75). " 04/01/2003 - "Treatment of tibia vara by the Ilizarov method." 01/01/2003 - "Correction of large bilateral tibia vara with the Ilizarov method." 09/01/1997 - "Twenty-five tibiae in 17 patients who exceeded their ideal body weight by > or =50% underwent correction of late-onset tibia vara with the Ilizarov technique. " 03/01/2006 - "The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of treatment of severe neglected infantile Tibia Vara using a new osteotomy to elevate the depressed medial tibial plateau in conjunction with the Ilizarov technique. "