Hashimoto's encephalitis

A condition associated with Hashimoto Disease thyroiditis (OMIM: 140300) and characterized by onset of CONFUSION; altered level of CONSCIOUSNESS; SEIZURES; and jerking of muscles (MYOCLONUS). PSYCHOSIS may also occur.

Also Known As:

Networked: 233 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 5 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Brain Diseases (Brain Disorder)
2.	Limbic Encephalitis (Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis)
3.	Encephalitis (Encephalitis, Rasmussen)
4.	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Libman-Sacks Disease)
5.	Graves Disease (Basedow Disease)

Experts

1.	Yoneda, Makoto: 14 articles (11/2021 - 10/2007)
2.	Endres, Dominique: 5 articles (05/2019 - 01/2016)
3.	Tebartz van Elst, Ludger: 5 articles (05/2019 - 01/2016)
4.	Stich, Oliver: 4 articles (01/2017 - 01/2016)
5.	Matsunaga, Akiko: 3 articles (11/2021 - 03/2009)
6.	Kimura, Akio: 3 articles (04/2018 - 05/2008)
7.	Dersch, Rick: 3 articles (01/2017 - 01/2017)
8.	Perlov, Evgeniy: 3 articles (01/2017 - 01/2016)
9.	Venhoff, Nils: 3 articles (01/2017 - 01/2017)
10.	Yoneda, M: 3 articles (04/2012 - 05/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hashimoto's encephalitis:

1.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/2013 - "Further investigations revealed a diagnosis of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy which responded well to steroids. " 01/01/2023 - "Even though it is also known as steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), some cases appear to be steroid-resistant. " 01/01/2023 - "The response to steroids led to a renaming of the syndrome to steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), though some cases do not respond to steroids. " 08/01/2022 - "As the patient's mental status deteriorated, there was a concern for Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), hence the patient was started on high-dose IV steroids. " 05/01/2020 - "He was diagnosed as a case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy and treated with a high dose of steroid and showed remarkable improvement."
2.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 05/01/2011 - "Hashimoto's encephalopathy: a long-lasting remission induced by intravenous immunoglobulins." 01/01/2023 - "After the deletion of 112 duplicates, 1,253 studies were screened by evaluating the title and abstract, focusing on Hashimoto's encephalopathy cases where IVIG were used. " 01/01/2023 - "The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Hashimoto's encephalopathy: case based review." 01/01/2023 - "In last years, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy proved its utility in Hashimoto's encephalopathy's treatment, being a well tolerated therapy associated with remarkable improvement in patient's status. " 05/01/2011 - "To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a long-lasting remission of Hashimoto's encephalopathy after IVIG therapy. "
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 11/02/2017 - "Hashimoto's encephalopathy was excluded on the basis of unresponsiveness to corticosteroids. " 06/01/2011 - "Computerized neuropsychological testing seems to be a viable tool for tracking cognitive functioning (when rapid assessments are desired) and assessing response to corticosteroid treatment in Hashimoto's encephalopathy." 01/01/2011 - "Manic symptoms associated with Hashimoto's encephalopathy: response to corticosteroid treatment." 06/01/2003 - "We made a diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy and treated the patient with high-dose corticosteroids. " 05/01/2000 - "We describe three cases of Hashimoto's encephalopathy and establish a relationship between the clinical status, the antithyroid antibody levels and its response to corticosteroid treatment. "
4.	AutoantibodiesIBA 01/01/2019 - "Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare, clinically heterogeneous condition associated with positive thyroid autoantibodies. " 04/01/2018 - "[Hashimoto's Encephalopathy and Autoantibodies]." 02/01/2018 - "Is Depression with increased antithyroid autoantibodies a mere chance finding or Hashimoto's Encephalopathy?" 05/23/2014 - "Thyroid autoantibodies were strongly positive, raising the possibility of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. " 04/01/2013 - "[Hashimoto's encephalopathy and autoantibodies]."
5.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2007 - "We suspected Hashimoto's encephalopathy, which was treated with prednisolone 100 mg/d over 6 months. " 08/01/2006 - "The diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy was made and we treated the patient with oral prednisolone 60 mg/day followed by gradual tapering. " 03/01/2011 - "High thyroid autoantibody titres confirmed the diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy and her symptoms improved with treatment with prednisolone. " 04/18/2013 - "Extensively elevated thyroid-antibodies in the serum and CSF, as well as the rapid and sustained recovery after intravenous treatment with prednisolone, pointed to the diagnosis of a primarily psychiatric manifestation of a steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT)."
6.	Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2013 - "Improvement of Cerebral Hypoperfusion with Levothyroxine Therapy in Hashimoto's Encephalopathy Demonstrated by (99m)Tc-HMPAO-SPECT." 07/01/2016 - "We report a case of an adolescent female with Hashimoto's encephalopathy who responded well to a combination of aspirin and levothyroxine. " 05/01/2000 - "Unlike encephalopathy associated with hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's encephalopathy responds to steroid therapy and not thyroxine replacement."
7.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 06/15/2011 - "She responded well to glucocorticoid therapy for presumed Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE). " 08/07/2020 - "The patient was determined to have Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) due to the clinical picture as well as the response to high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. " 11/01/2018 - "Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological syndrome characterized by the presence of positive serum antithyroid antibodies, altered mental status, and clinical response to glucocorticoid therapy. "
8.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2016 - "We report a case of an adolescent female with Hashimoto's encephalopathy who responded well to a combination of aspirin and levothyroxine. "
9.	teprotumumabIBA 01/01/2021 - "Of all adverse events during the treatment period, 63 (94%) of 67 patients with teprotumumab and 59 (98%) of 60 patients with placebo were mild to moderate (grade 1 or 2), with three (4%) serious adverse events related or possibly related to teprotumumab of diarrhoea, infusion reaction, and Hashimoto's encephalopathy (co-incident with confusion) leading to study discontinuation. "
10.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2023 - "Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is a frequently discussed neuropsychiatric syndrome with elevated thyroid antibodies in the context of various clinical neuropsychiatric phenotypes. " 07/01/2022 - "Often referred to as steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), it describes a myriad of neurological sequelae that typically are observed to occur in patients with the presence of thyroid antibodies. " 01/01/2022 - "We report the case of a 68-year-old man with Hashimoto's encephalopathy, in whom there was a relation between the favorable clinical outcome and the disappearance of antithyroid antibodies from the CSF and a decrease in serum thyroid antibodies. " 01/01/2022 - "Abnormal elevation of thyroid antibodies in the CSF is observed in 62-75% of Hashimoto's encephalopathy cases. " 01/01/2020 - "Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by elevated levels of anti-thyroid antibodies. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/15/2010 - "Clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and therapy of Hashimoto's encephalopathy: report of two cases." 06/01/2018 - "Long-term plasma exchange as maintenance therapy for cerebellar-type Hashimoto's encephalopathy, a case report." 08/01/2013 - "A possible case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy after surgery and radiometabolic therapy for thyroid carcinoma." 01/01/2023 - "In last years, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy proved its utility in Hashimoto's encephalopathy's treatment, being a well tolerated therapy associated with remarkable improvement in patient's status. " 05/01/2011 - "To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a long-lasting remission of Hashimoto's encephalopathy after IVIG therapy. "
2.	Plasmapheresis 06/01/2004 - "Subacute Hashimoto's encephalopathy, treated with plasmapheresis." 01/01/2001 - "Hashimoto's encephalopathy responding to plasmapheresis." 04/01/2014 - "A follow-up ¹⁸F-FDG brain PET study in a case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy causing drug-resistant status epilepticus treated with plasmapheresis." 01/01/2017 - "Plasmapheresis Responsive Rapid Onset Dementia with Predominantly Frontal Dysfunction in the Context of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy." 02/12/2015 - "Although steroids are an effective treatment for Hashimoto's encephalitis, the addition of early plasmapheresis may be indicated in patients with severe presentation and those who develop disease while taking steroids."
3.	Plasma Exchange 01/01/2018 - "Therapeutic plasma exchange For Hashimoto's encephalopathy." 06/01/2015 - "The use of plasma exchange in Hashimoto's encephalopathy: A case report and review of the literature." 06/01/2004 - "Hashimoto's encephalopathy: response to plasma exchange." 06/01/2018 - "Long-term plasma exchange as maintenance therapy for cerebellar-type Hashimoto's encephalopathy, a case report." 01/01/2019 - "A growing body of research suggests that, in the clinical application of steroid-responsive encephalopathy, such as for Hashimoto's encephalopathy, limbic encephalitis, systemic lupus erythematosus encephalopathy, ANCA-associated vasculitis encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, plasma exchange is a safe, and effective option when steroids or other immunosuppressive therapies are ineffective in the short term or when contraindications are present. "
4.	Contraindications 01/01/2019 - "A growing body of research suggests that, in the clinical application of steroid-responsive encephalopathy, such as for Hashimoto's encephalopathy, limbic encephalitis, systemic lupus erythematosus encephalopathy, ANCA-associated vasculitis encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, plasma exchange is a safe, and effective option when steroids or other immunosuppressive therapies are ineffective in the short term or when contraindications are present. "
5.	Immunotherapy 02/08/2013 - "When these psychiatric patients with ATAs (PPATs) show responsiveness to immunotherapy, they are frequently diagnosed with a diffuse progressive type of Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE). " 01/01/2021 - "Hashimoto encephalopathy, also known as steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, has been defined by sub-acute onset encephalopathy, with elevated thyroid antibodies, and immunotherapy responsiveness, in the absence of specific neural autoantibodies. " 01/01/2022 - "We herein report a 61-year-old woman who was genetically diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 whose symptoms were modified by anti-amino terminal of alpha-enolase (NAE) antibodies, known as a biomarker of Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), and ultimately responded to immunotherapy. " 01/01/2013 - "The autoimmune cerebellar ataxia consists of paraneoplastic ataxia (anti-Yo etc.), anti-GAD-autoantibodies associated ataxia, gluten ataxia (anti-gliadin) and ataxic form of Hashimoto's encephalitis (anti-NAE).The early and accurate diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis is important because most patients show responses to immunotherapy. "