Acute malaria

An internittent or remittent form of malaria characterized by chills accompanied by fever that continues and ends in sweating. The recurrences are caused by the release of MEROZOITES from infected cells and follow a periodicity of 48 to 72 hours depending on the type of infecting PLASMODIUM species. Chronic malaria may occur years following initial plasmodium infection, when the infected person no longer lives in an endemic area.

Also Known As:

Networked: 341 relevant articles (19 outcomes, 32 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Malaria
3.	Convalescence
4.	Parasitemia
5.	Fever (Fevers)

Experts

1.	White, Nicholas J: 8 articles (01/2015 - 05/2002)
2.	Nosten, François: 6 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)
3.	Price, Ric N: 5 articles (01/2022 - 09/2007)
4.	Hittner, James B: 5 articles (07/2012 - 07/2005)
5.	Perkins, Douglas J: 5 articles (07/2012 - 07/2005)
6.	Crompton, Peter D: 4 articles (01/2021 - 12/2011)
7.	Traore, Boubacar: 4 articles (01/2021 - 12/2011)
8.	Dorsey, Grant: 4 articles (10/2020 - 09/2013)
9.	Ashley, Elizabeth A: 4 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)
10.	Doumbo, Ogobara K: 4 articles (01/2015 - 10/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acute malaria:

1.	Quinine (Quinson)FDA Link 03/01/1991 - "The efficacy of quinine prescribed to children from Brazzaville hospitalized for acute malaria (temperature over 38 degrees C, P. " 07/01/2014 - "This preliminary study shows the interest of China rubra 7CH in limiting the side-effects of quinine used for the treatment of acute malaria in pregnant women." 11/01/2014 - "A population model was developed that adequately characterized quinine pharmacokinetics in pregnant Ugandan women with acute malaria. " 11/01/2014 - "Parasitaemia, as a time-varying covariate affecting relative bioavailability, and body temperature on admission as a covariate on elimination clearance, explained the higher exposure to quinine during acute malaria compared with the convalescent phase. " 07/01/2014 - "We evaluated the impact of the homeopathic medicine China rubra 7CH on the side-effects of quinine used as treatment for acute malaria in pregnant women in Cotonou, Benin. "
2.	Antimalarials (Antimalarial Agents)IBA 01/01/1997 - "The study revealed that 51.5% had taken antimalarials for treatment of acute malaria while 23.5% had taken for prophylaxis. " 07/01/2015 - "These data demonstrate that chronic malaria exposure results in altered Treg homeostasis, which may impact the development of antimalarial immunity in naturally exposed populations. " 09/01/2007 - "These small changes on the third day of treatment are similar to those observed elsewhere in the convalescent phase following antimalarial treatment with drugs known to have no cardiac effects and are therefore likely to result from recovery from acute malaria and not the treatment given. " 04/01/2000 - "The mean absolute oral bioavailability of the antimalarial agent in patients with acute malaria was 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52 to 70%). " 01/01/1990 - "Experience to date would indicate that HF is a safe and useful drug for the treatment of acute malaria, particularly in areas where there is extensive resistance to current antimalarials."
3.	PrimaquineFDA Link 12/11/2015 - "The AS arm demonstrated efficacy with a total dose of 7 mg/kg PQ without concurrently administered blood schizontocide, another option when primaquine therapy is removed in time from the treatment of the acute malaria or applied presumptively without an attack. " 01/01/2016 - "Main contribution to haemolysis in G6PD normal individuals was attributable to acute malaria rather than primaquine administration. " 06/01/1960 - "[Pyrimethamine-primaquine in the treatment of acute malaria. " 01/01/2021 - "Trials showed that, in acute malaria, clearance of quinine, primaquine, caffeine, metoprolol, omeprazole, and antipyrine is slower and that AUCs are greater than in convalescent individuals. " 01/01/2017 - "The median pooled prevalence range of mental and neurological manifestations associated with antimalarial drugs ranged from 0.7% (dapsone) to 48.3% (minocycline) across all studies, while it ranged from 0.6% (pyrimethamine) to 42.7% (amodiaquine) during treatment of acute malaria, and 0.7% (primaquine/dapsone) to 55.0% (sulfadoxine) during prophylaxis. "
4.	Chloroquine (Aralen)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2020 - "Chloroquine is still highly effective as a cure of acute malaria vivax attack in GM in Colombia, and continues to be a good option for the treatment of acute phase GM. " 05/29/2006 - "We report here that chloroquine is able to inhibit influenza A virus replication, in vitro, and the IC50s of chloroquine against influenza A viruses H1N1 and H3N2 are lower than the plasma concentrations reached during treatment of acute malaria. " 10/08/2004 - "The IC50 of chloroquine for inhibition of SARS-CoV in vitro approximates the plasma concentrations of chloroquine reached during treatment of acute malaria. " 07/01/1996 - "diplotricha, is used in association with subcurative doses of chloroquine to treat chronic malaria. " 04/01/1996 - "As a consequence, distribution rather than elimination processes determine the blood concentration profile of chloroquine in patients with acute malaria. "
5.	halofantrine (Halfan)FDA Link 01/01/1993 - "Halofantrine was found to be highly effective in acute malaria and offers an important alternative to existing medications." 07/01/1992 - "The efficacy of halofantrine in the treatment of acute malaria in nonimmune travelers." 01/01/1993 - "Halofantrine in the treatment of acute malaria: a multi-centre study in 268 patients." 05/01/1994 - "Halofantrine in acute malaria." 05/01/1994 - "Halofantrine in acute malaria."
6.	Antipyrine (Phenazone)FDA Link 01/01/1997 - "In a multiple regression model, antipyrine clearance and plasma protein binding accounted for 71% of the variance in total quinine clearance in acute malaria. " 01/01/1997 - "During acute malaria infection, the systemic clearance of quinine, antipyrine and ICG and the biotransformation of quinine to 3-hydroxyquinine were all reduced significantly when compared with values during convalescence. " 01/01/2021 - "Trials showed that, in acute malaria, clearance of quinine, primaquine, caffeine, metoprolol, omeprazole, and antipyrine is slower and that AUCs are greater than in convalescent individuals. "
7.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 04/01/2006 - "Clearance of circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA in children with acute malaria after antimalaria treatment." 04/01/2006 - "In the present study, we compared EBV DNA loads in plasma and saliva samples from Ugandan children with acute malaria (M+) at the time of diagnosis and 14 days after antimalaria treatment, children without malaria (M-), and children with BL. " 01/01/2021 - "This is the first study addressing the relation between EBV (re)activation and cytokine responses during acute Malaria, revealing a clear correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and EBV-DNA levels, specifically in P. " 01/01/2021 - "Quantitative cytokine level of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β and circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in individuals with acute Malaria due to P. " 08/01/1982 - "The incidence of serum antinuclear antibodies and serum antibodies to single stranded (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA was investigated following acute malaria in 58 Caucasians visiting tropical countries but resident in Britain and in 24 Ghanaians resident in Ghana. "
8.	VaccinesIBA 05/01/1998 - "Chronic malaria infection and vaccines." 08/15/1925 - "VACCINE TREATMENT OF SPLENOMEGALY IN CHRONIC MALARIA." 01/01/2015 - "Together, these data demonstrate that malaria parasite infection induces a temporary loss of an established adaptive immune response via multiple mechanisms, and suggest that in the setting of acute malaria, protection against NTS mediated by live vaccines may be interrupted. " 01/01/2015 - "On average, vaccine-specific IgG did not decrease following acute malaria. " 12/01/1985 - "This finding supports the results of previous studies which have shown that the immune response to meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines is adversely affected both by acute malaria and by asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia."
9.	Amodiaquine (Camoquin)FDA Link 06/01/1955 - " IV. The treatment of acute malaria with amodiaquin (camoquin)." 01/01/1987 - "The partial maintenance of efficacy of amino-4-quinolines in this chloroquine-resistant region implies that chloroquine and amodiaquine can be used as first choice drugs for uncomplicated acute malaria, but on condition that the levels of resistance and transmission are monitored." 01/01/2017 - "Of individual antimalarial drugs still on the market, mental and neurological manifestations were most common with the use of sulphadoxine (55%) for prophylaxis studies and amodiaquine (42.7%) for acute malaria studies. " 10/01/1974 - "Orally administered amodiaquine base suspensions in the treatment of acute malaria infections of young children in Nigeria." 12/01/1986 - "Use of fast-acting blood schizontocidal drugs such as chloroqune, amodiaquine, mepacrine or quinine, is essential for the treatment of acute malaria infections. "
10.	ArtesunateIBA 01/01/2020 - "Artesunate, a compound that is WHO-approved for treatment of acute malaria, also has cytotoxic effect on squamous cells transformed by HPV. " 02/01/2007 - "We therefore investigated whether treatment with artesunate of acute malaria in Senegalese children had an impact on their level of infection with Schistosoma haematobium. " 04/01/2000 - "Acute malaria is associated with a significant reduction in the clearance of artesunate-associated antimalarial activity." 01/01/2000 - "This study failed to detect any evidence of significant neurotoxicity in patients treated previously with oral artemether or artesunate for acute malaria." 09/01/2013 - "Quantitative CMV DNA PCR was performed on dried blood spots collected from 494 Ugandan children, who were randomized either to artesunate plus amodiaquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine for acute malaria infection. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/01/2015 - "Chronic malaria was demonstrated in those successfully treated but not in those who failed to respond to therapy. " 03/01/2014 - "This preliminary observation warrants further research to understand the impact of long-term antiretroviral therapy on the treatment of acute malaria." 12/11/2011 - "Thus, chronic malaria drives specific T cell dysfunction, and proper function can be restored by inhibitory therapies to enhance parasite control." 03/07/1967 - "[Therapy of acute malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum with a delayed-action sulfamide. " 06/15/1950 - "[Malarial serology in therapy of chronic malaria]."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/01/2019 - "This study aimed to measure blood CECs by flow cytometery in patients with acute malaria infection before and after treatment and to evaluate the prognostic value of that measurement for that disease. " 03/01/2015 - "As VC/F is related to the earlier portion of the concentration-time profiles, which occurs during acute malaria, and CL/F is more related to the terminal phase during convalescence after treatment, this may explain why malaria was found to be a covariate for VC/F but not CL/F." 01/01/2022 - "In acute malaria, the bulk of erythrocyte loss occurs after therapy, with a nadir of hemoglobin generally observed 3-7 days after treatment. " 11/01/2012 - "These data suggest iron supplementation policies should take into account the high hepcidin levels and probable poor utilization of iron for up to one week after treatment for the majority of patients with acute malaria."
3.	Splenectomy 05/01/1947 - "Splenectomy in chronic malaria." 05/15/2002 - "In a study of 5 patients with acute falciparum malaria who had previously undergone splenectomy, it was found that none of these 5 patients had any circulating RESA-RBCs, in contrast to the uniform finding of RESA-RBCs in all patients with acute malaria and intact spleens. " 06/01/1985 - "Splenectomy of B-cell-deficient mice with chronic malaria led to recrudescing infections, suggesting that the expression of antibody-independent immunity to reinfection was spleen dependent. "
4.	Chemoprevention 02/01/2014 - "In 349 non-immune Mozambican newborns recruited in a double-blind placebo-controlled chemoprophylaxis trial, oxidative markers including 4-HNE-conjugates and membrane-bound haemoglobin were longitudinally assessed from 2·5 to 24 months of age, at first acute malaria episode and in convalescence. " 08/01/2009 - "Treatment of acute malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum may include long-half-life drugs, such as the antifolate combination sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), to provide posttreatment chemoprophylaxis against parasite recrudescence or delayed emergence from the liver. "
5.	Self Medication 04/01/2008 - "[Self-medication in the treatment of acute malaria: study based on users of private health drug stores in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]."