interleukin-21 (interleukin 21)

04/30/2015 - "IL-21 was upregulated in the neoplastic areas, as compared with non-tumor mucosa, of Apc(min/+) mice, and genetic ablation of IL-21 in such mice resulted in a marked decrease of both tumor incidence and size. "
12/01/2015 - "The IL-21/MSC-treated group showed delayed tumor incidence as well as improved survival, whereas the MSC- and recombinant adenovirus-expressing IL-21 (rAD/IL-21)-treated groups did not show significant differences from the untreated mice. "
09/01/2011 - "An integrated disease/pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model suggests improved interleukin-21 regimens validated prospectively for mouse solid cancers."
04/01/2010 - "Tumors injected with IL-21 grew slower than contralateral tumors, suggesting that the increased efficacy of IT administration of IL-21 was due to a local rather than systemic effect. "
07/01/2007 - "Intratumoral coexpression of RSV-F and IL-21 resulted in the highest tumor growth inhibition and improved survival. "

02/01/2011 - "Overall, our data demonstrate that the GPI-anchored IL-21 tumour vaccine regulates immune responses at least in part by down-regulating Tregs and reveals enhanced efficacy of tumour vaccine therapy of melanoma."
03/15/2009 - "Clinical and biological efficacy of recombinant human interleukin-21 in patients with stage IV malignant melanoma without prior treatment: a phase IIa trial."
09/20/2012 - "We report a multicenter phase II study of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM), evaluating the efficacy, toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), immunogenicity, and biomarker profile of interleukin-21 (IL-21). "
09/20/2012 - "Interleukin-21 has activity in patients with metastatic melanoma: a phase II study."
03/15/2009 - "We report final clinical and biological results of a phase II study of recombinant human IL-21 (rIL-21) in patients with metastatic melanoma. "

01/01/2014 - "Decrease in serum interleukin-21 levels is associated with disease activity improvement in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis."
04/01/2010 - "In this study, we show that IL-21 expression correlates with the presence of Th17 cells in synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood in rheumatoid arthritis patients. "
01/01/2016 - "Interleukin-21 Induces Proliferation and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis."
04/01/2014 - "If this dual role of IL-21 in various immune processes is present in human disease, it could make IL-21 a difficult therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis."
01/01/2014 - "Interleukin-21 (IL-21) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). "

09/01/2013 - "IL-21 signaling is important for T cell and B cell-mediated clearance of chronic viral infections. "
03/01/2011 - "We reasoned that preserved IL-21 production during HIV-1 infection would be associated with enhanced CD8 T cell function, allowing improved viral control. "
09/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-21 production during the clinical course of primary and secondary DENV infections and the potential association of IL-21 serum levels with the disease pathogenesis. "
07/01/2013 - "In this study, we have examined the role of the cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) in regulating humoral immunity during acute viral infections. "
04/15/2013 - "Recent studies demonstrate that loss of IL-21 signaling results in reduced viral clearance in models of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, and also protection from type 1 diabetes in the NOD model. "

02/01/2016 - "A better understanding of the regulation of cell differentiation and stabilization by IL-21 in the context of each specific autoimmune disease or tissue-specific pathological microenvironments will be helpful in developing novel treatments to control autoimmune diseases. "
01/01/2011 - "Many studies have reported that IL-21 has crucial roles in autoimmune diseases. "
01/01/2008 - "Also, the studies on the production of IL-21 in human autoimmune diseases and its behaviour on human cells in vitro are revealing the potential of IL-21 to exacerbate cellular processes that determine the course of autoimmune diseases."
02/01/2016 - "Herein, we review the biological effects of IL-21 on different immune cells and uncover the emerging role of this interesting cytokine in autoimmune diseases. "
02/01/2016 - "Observations have shown that the blockade of IL-21 has therapeutic effects on various autoimmune diseases in animal models. "