3- (3- (N- (2- (3,4- dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)- N- methylamino)propyloxy)- 5- phenyl- 1,2,4- thiadiazole

11/01/1998 - "KC 12291 delayed the onset and decreased the extent of ischemic contracture and markedly improved the recovery of LVDP in reperfusion [39+/-14 mmHg (n=4) vs 2+/-2 mmHg in controls (n=5)]. "

01/01/2004 - "In isolated atria and Langendorff-perfused hearts, KC 12291 inhibits diastolic contracture, renowned for its resistance to pharmacological inhibition, reduces ischemic Na+ loading and preserves cardiac energy status. "
11/01/1998 - "In isolated guinea pig atria, 1 microM KC 12291 had no effect on contractility under basal conditions but effectively delayed the onset and reduced the extent of anoxic contracture. "
09/01/2002 - "Veratridine- and LPC-induced submaximal contractures in isolated atria were significantly inhibited by KC 12291 in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC of 0.55 microM and 0.79 microM, respectively. "
09/01/2002 - "We also analyzed the effect of KC 12291 on veratridine- and LPC-induced contractures in isolated guinea-pig atria. "
09/01/2002 - "Anti-ischemic compound KC 12291 prevents diastolic contracture in isolated atria by blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels."

11/01/1998 - "It also accelerated the recovery of intracellular pH. KC 12291 not only reduced the extent of ischemia-induced Na+ overload, but also enhanced Na+ recovery. "
11/01/1998 - "To test whether KC 12291 displays cardioprotective properties in the intact heart, cardiac function, energy status and intracellular pH (31P NMR) as well as ion homeostasis (23Na NMR) were investigated during low-flow ischemia (100 microl/min for 36 min) followed by reperfusion. "
11/01/1998 - "KC 12291 (1 microM) accelerated this process by more than 6 min. The data provide first evidence that KC 12291 reduces Na+ influx through voltage-gated Na+ channels during ischemia and thus delays Na+ overload by enhancing the inexcitability of the heart."
11/01/1998 - "KC 12291 (1 microM) prevented Na+ overload within the initial 12 min of ischemia; thereafter the slope of Na+ accumulation was identical to controls. "
11/01/1998 - "The novel blocker of voltage-gated Na+ channels KC 12291 (1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl-oxypropyl)-3-[N-methyl-N- [2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl] amino] propane hydrochloride) delays myocardial Na+ overload in ischemia. "

01/20/2006 - "In the pithed rat, tetrodotoxin induced statistically significant decreases heart rate, maximal effects were: -32.2+/-6.1 beat per min. KC 12291 and R 56865 dose-dependently induced bradycardia (Delta heart rate obtained, -55.1+/-5.2 beat per min, P<0.05, and -71.9+/-8.5 bpm, P<0.05, respectively). "
01/20/2006 - "Tetrodotoxin and lidocaine slightly reduced heart rate whereas KC 12291 and R 56865, which mainly interact with the persistent component of the sodium current, concentration dependently and potently induced bradycardia. "

11/01/1998 - "It is concluded that KC 12291 delays contracture and reduces ATP depletion and acidosis in ischemia, and markedly improves the functional, energetic and ionic recovery in reperfusion. "