2-(nitrooxy)ethyl apovincaminate

01/01/1993 - "Effect of VA-045 on a closed head injury model in rats."
06/01/1997 - "Effects of VA-045, a novel apovincaminic acid derivative, on behavioral outcome following closed head injury (CHI) were examined in aged (21-28 months) rats. "
06/01/1997 - "Effect of VA-045, a novel apovincaminic acid derivative, on closed head injury-induced neurological dysfunction in aged rats."
01/01/1997 - "1. We examined the alterations in cerebral free Mg2+ concentration in closed head injury (CHI) in rats and the effects of VA-045, a novel apovincaminic acid derivative, on them with in vivo 31P-NMR. "
01/01/1997 - "Decrease in cerebral free magnesium concentration following closed head injury and effects of VA-045 in rats."

10/01/1994 - "VA-045 and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) showed a significant protective effect on normobaric hypoxia. "
10/01/1994 - "Beneficial effects of VA-045 for treating cerebral hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia will be discussed."
01/01/1996 - "VA-045, a novel apovincamic acid derivative attenuates neuronal injury induced by hypoxia or by excitatory amino acids in cultures of rat cortices."
10/01/1994 - "The cerebral protective effects of VA-045, a novel apovincaminic acid derivative, were investigated in mice under conditions of normobaric hypoxia, histotoxic anoxia by potassium cyanide (KCN), and complete ischemia. "
01/01/1996 - "Effects of VA-045, a novel apovincaminic acid derivative, on neuronal damage induced by hypoxia or by excitatory amino acids (glutamate (Glu), N-methyl-D-aspartate and kainate) were examined in cultures of the rat cortices. "

09/01/1997 - "5. VA-045 administered 30 min post-trauma in TAA mice dramatically attenuated the prolonged latencies for finding and drinking in both retention test and retest, indicating that VA-045 significantly improved the learning and retention deficits observed in TAA mice. "
09/01/1997 - "4. VA-045 administered 30 min post-trauma in TRA mice dramatically shortened the prolonged latencies for finding and drinking in both retention test and retest, indicating that VA-045 significantly improved the retention deficit observed in TRA mice. "
09/01/1997 - "6. Administration of VA-045 30 min pre-trauma in normal mice markedly attenuated the delay of latencies for finding and drinking after trauma in both retention test and retest, which shows that VA-045 significantly prevented learning and retention deficits after TBI. "

10/01/1994 - "VA-045 and TRH showed a positive effect on complete ischemia, and the duration of the protective effect of VA-045 was longer than that of TRH. "
10/01/1994 - "Beneficial effects of VA-045 for treating cerebral hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia will be discussed."
10/01/1994 - "The cerebral protective effects of VA-045, a novel apovincaminic acid derivative, were investigated in mice under conditions of normobaric hypoxia, histotoxic anoxia by potassium cyanide (KCN), and complete ischemia. "

01/01/1993 - "These results indicate that VA-045 selectively dilates canine cerebral artery, and that it may be a useful agent for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke."