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troglitazone (Rezulin)

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induces solid tumor differentiation; structure given in first source; withdrawn from the market by manufacturer; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes

Also Known As:

Rezulin; Prelay; 5-(4-((6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl-methoxy)benzyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione); CS 045; CS-045; Parke Davis brand of troglitazone; Warner-Lambert brand of troglitazone; 2,4-Thiazolidinedione, 5-((4-((3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)methoxy)phenyl)methyl)-

Networked: 743 relevant articles (86 outcomes, 157 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Buchanan, Thomas A: 10 articles (07/2008 - 08/2002)
2.	Welbourne, Tomas: 8 articles (02/2011 - 01/2002)
3.	Hodis, Howard N: 7 articles (07/2008 - 08/2002)
4.	Xiang, Anny H: 7 articles (07/2008 - 09/2002)
5.	Chen, Ching-Shih: 6 articles (04/2009 - 04/2005)
6.	Okumura, Toshikatsu: 6 articles (03/2009 - 07/2002)
7.	Motomura, Wataru: 6 articles (03/2009 - 07/2002)
8.	Ochoa, Cesar: 6 articles (07/2008 - 09/2002)
9.	Marroquin, Aura: 6 articles (07/2008 - 09/2002)
10.	Goico, Jose: 6 articles (07/2008 - 09/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance 06/01/2000 - "Troglitazone administration significantly improved insulin resistance, but did not affect pancreatic beta-cell function as evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). " 06/01/2002 - "Troglitazone has been shown to improve peripheral insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients and animal models. " 09/01/1999 - "We investigated the efficacy of additional administration of 400 mg troglitazone (+T), which became available as a treatment for type 2 diabetes following the demonstration of its ability to reduce insulin resistance, in combination with diet (D + T) or sulfonylurea (S + T) therapy. " 07/19/1997 - "Efficacy of troglitazone measured by insulin resistance index." 04/01/2003 - "The study was undertaken to assess the long-term cardiovascular effects of troglitazone on non-diabetic individuals with insulin resistance. "
2.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY) 09/01/2001 - "Troglitazone is effective in approximately 50% in patients with type 2 diabetes (NIDDM). " 08/01/1998 - "In order to assess the relationship between clinical efficacy of troglitazone on glycemic control and baseline characteristics of patients with NIDDM, we analyzed the data of ten clinical studies on troglitazone carried out in Japan. " 02/01/1996 - "To investigate the clinical efficacy of troglitazone, a newly developed oral hypoglycemic agent, in patients with NIDDM. " 05/01/2003 - "A study to survey susceptible genetic factors responsible for troglitazone-associated hepatotoxicity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." 07/01/1999 - "The present study examined the hemodynamic mechanisms of blood pressure (BP) lowering by troglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) at rest and during a mental arithmetic test (MAT). "
3.	Hyperinsulinism (Hyperinsulinemia) 03/01/1995 - "The present study was performed to evaluate whether the amelioration of hyperinsulinemia by troglitazone lowers blood pressure in essential hypertensives. " 09/01/1997 - "The effects of troglitazone, administered as a food admixture (24 mg/day) for 6 months, on hyperinsulinemia and BP were examined in WHHL rabbits. " 05/01/2002 - "These results suggest that the beneficial effects of troglitazone in PCOS may not be due solely to improvement of peripheral insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, but also to a possible direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis." 02/01/2000 - "Beneficial effects of troglitazone on multiple risk factor syndrome have been reported in terms of blood pressure lowering effect and ameliorations of dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia. " 05/01/1999 - "Troglitazone treatment resulted in attenuation of both hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism in an obese woman with HAIR-AN and resulted in resumption of menses and a spontaneous pregnancy."
4.	Hyperglycemia 01/01/1998 - "This decrease of SBF was significantly improved (2.9+/-0.2 ml/min/100 g) by troglitazone treatment (approximately 220 mg/kg/day) for 7 days in STZ diabetic rats without alleviating hyperglycemia. " 03/01/1998 - "Troglitazone treatment largely prevented the hyperglycemia-induced decline in submaximal (116 +/- 7 micromol x kg(-1) x min[-1]) and maximal GDR (209 +/- 9 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.05). " 04/01/1995 - "Since increased hepatic gluconeogenesis is a major cause of hyperglycemia in these diabetic animals, we evaluated the effect of long-term Troglitazone treatment on hepatic gluconeogenesis. " 11/01/1996 - "These findings clearly demonstrate that the hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats receiving an insufficient number of islet grafts to reverse diabetes was ameliorated by troglitazone treatment." 09/01/1996 - "Troglitazone treatment did not attenuate the insulinopenia and hyperglycemia of diabetic rats, but it partially improved the hypertriglyceridemia. "
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 07/01/2001 - "GDR in patients with and without hypertension was significantly improved by troglitazone (normotensive: baseline, 17.9 +/- 10.2 micromol/min/kg; after therapy, 31.9 +/- 15.9 micromol/min/kg; P < 0.01; hypertensive: baseline, 39.6 +/- 15.1 micromol/min/kg; after therapy, 47.7 +/- 23.8 micromol/min/kg; P < 0.05). " 07/01/2001 - "When results for patients with and without hypertension were separately analyzed, a significant improvement in SMGU after troglitazone was seen in both normotensive and hypertensive patients (normotensive [n = 10]: baseline, 3.67 +/- 2.89 micromol/min/kg; after therapy, 5.28 +/- 2.61 micromol/min/kg; P < 0.05; hypertensive [n = 10]: baseline, 2.89 +/- 1.22 micromol/min/kg; after therapy, 4.72 +/- 1.39 micromol/min/kg; P < 0.05). " 08/01/1995 - "A study of effect of CS-045, a new antidiabetic drug, on hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat." 12/01/2001 - "Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in subjects with hypertension in the pooled troglitazone group than in the placebo group (P<0.05). " 08/01/1995 - "We assessed the effect of CS-045 on hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) as a control. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Insulin (Novolin)
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)
3.	PPAR gamma
4.	Metformin (Glucophage)
5.	Thiazolidinediones
6.	pioglitazone (Actos)
7.	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR)
8.	2,4-thiazolidinedione (thiazolidinedione)
9.	rosiglitazone (Avandia)
10.	Acarbose

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Injections
4.	Amputation
5.	Stents